International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Studies on Genetic Diversity, Correlation and Variability of the Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotype
No full textThe present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic advancement, heritability, genetic variability, correlation coefficient and the genetic divergence analysis in forty-five linseed genotypes for sixteen quantitative characters/traits during Rabi 2023-24 at field experimentation centre, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh by using Randomized Block Design in three replications. Moderate GCV along with For Test weight, capsule size, seed size, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, and high heritability combined with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was noted. Indicated that most likely the heritability might be due to additive gene effect and selection may be effective in segregating generation for improvement of these traits. Grain yield showed positive significance association with all 16 quantitative characters. Genotype EC-12082 (4.59 g) had maximum grain yield per plant followed by EC-1411CK, EC-990020, EC-10077. When choosing linseed, these traits ought to be prioritized in order to increase yield. According to Mahalanobis D2 analysis five different clusters were created from these genotypes with cluster I as largest cluster having 34 genotypes and rest of the clusters with solitary genotypes. Cluster-I exhibited the highest intra-cluster distance of 13.17 indicating significant variability and diversity within this cluster and the largest inter-cluster IV and III 148.01 followed by cluster-II and cluster- IV 118.46, cluster-IV and cluster-I 104.58. The study found significant genetic variability in 45 linseed genotypes, with traits like number of branches and seed size showing high heritability, suggesting effective selection for yield improvement and Cluster I having the highest intra-cluster variability and significant inter-cluster differences, highlighting its potential for targeted selection
Effect of Sulphur, Zinc and Boron on Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Vertisol
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the farmers field in Auard village of Jewargi taluk in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka state during Kharif 2024 to study the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron on the yield and quality of chilli in Vertisol. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with ten treatments replicated thrice. The results revealed that the application of 100% RDF + sulphur @ 30 kg ha-1 through bentonite sulphur (90%) + 0.1% zinc EDTA (12%) + 0.2% Solubor (19%) as foliar spray at flower initiation (45 days), flowering (60 days) and fruiting (75 days) stages recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake and economics viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron uptake and was statistically on par with 100% RDF + sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 through bentonite sulphur (90%) + 0.05% zinc EDTA (12%) + 0.1% Solubor (19%) foliar spray at the same stages while the lowest values were recorded in control
Dose-dependent Optimization of NAA Foliar Sprays for Enhanced Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield in Chilli cv. Kashi Ratna under Varanasi Conditions
No full textThe study aims to evaluate the influence of foliar-applied Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on the growth, yield and quality attributes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Kashi Ratna. The present investigation was carried out during the winter season of 2023–24 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments consisting of NAA concentrations ranging from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ppm along with control, replicated thrice. The treatments included T1 (NAA 10 ppm), T2 (NAA 20 ppm), T3 (NAA 30 ppm), T4 (NAA 40 ppm), and T5 (NAA 50 ppm), with T6-T9 representing higher concentrations and control. Two foliar sprays were administered at 30 and 45 DAT. Significant improvements in vegetative traits were recorded under NAA treatments, with 50 ppm (T5) exhibiting the maximum plant height (74.13 cm), highest branching (9.94 branches) and greatest chlorophyll content (62.72 SPAD). Reproductive parameters also responded positively, as 60 ppm NAA (T6) induced the earliest first flowering (50.91 days) and 50% flowering (55.43 days). Yield attributes showed substantial enhancement, with T5 producing the highest number of fruits per plant (237.85), fruit weight (2.86 g), yield per plant (679.82 g), yield per plot (16.99 kg) and productivity (251.78 q ha⁻¹), representing a notable improvement over the control. Quality traits also improved markedly under NAA, as evidenced by increased ascorbic acid content (95.74 mg/100 g) and reduced fruit pH (6.31) in T5. Overall, the study demonstrates that foliar application of NAA, particularly at 50 ppm, optimizes growth, enhances reproductive efficiency, improves fruit quality and significantly increases yield under the agro-climatic conditions of Varanasi, making it a highly effective practice for chilli cultivation
Weed Management Indices and Their Relevance in Weed Science Research
No full textWeeds are one of the most important biotic factors that cause significant loss in crop productivity. Of the total loss caused by various pests in agriculture, weeds account for 37% followed by insects 29%, diseases 22% and others 12 %. Weed competes with crops for various resources, resulting in severe yield loss, although it largely depends on the management strategies adopted. For the effective management of weeds, various management strategies are adopted viz; cultural, mechanical, chemical and biological. All these approaches are used based on their performance. Henceforth, it is imperative to evaluate the efficacy of suitable management strategies. To evaluate the performance many weed indices are being used. Understanding of these indices is still vital. Weed indices provide a standardized way to quantify the impact of weed presence on crop yield. Allowing researchers to directly compare different weed management approaches, assess their effectiveness, and identify the most efficient methods for managing weeds in a given agricultural setting
Compatibility of Trichoderma asperellum (Tr-9) with Carbofuran and Cassava-based Biopesticide, Nanma under In-vitro Conditions
No full textRoot-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) pose a major threat to tuber crops, challenging the development of effective and environmentally sustainable management strategies. Although chemical nematicides have been effective in controlling nematodes, but their adverse environmental impact has urged to explore eco-friendly alternatives such as bioformulations. Trichoderma asperellum (Tr-9), an indigenous fungal bioagent isolated from elephant foot yam was effective against root-knot nematode under in-vitro conditions. Additionally, Nanma, a cassava-based biopesticide developed by ICAR-CTCRI, is commonly used to treat elephant foot yam tubers before planting to control diseases and nematode infestation. They can be combined with nematicides for effective nematode management while minimizing environmental risks. However, evaluating the compatibility of Trichoderma with nematicides is crucial before integrating both strategies for nematode management in tuber crops. In this context, the present study evaluated the compatibility of T. asperellum (Tr-9) with different concentrations of Carbofuran 3G (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm) and the Cassava-based biopesticide, Nanma (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) using the poisoned food technique after a five-day incubation period under in-vitro conditions. Results revealed that Carbofuran 3G exhibited cent percent compatibility at 50 ppm, and with minimal inhibition (6.98%) observed at 100-200 ppm. Even at higher concentrations (400-800 ppm), only slight mycelial growth inhibition (15.25%-19.75%) was recorded, while at 1000 ppm, inhibition percentage increased to 36.30%. These findings indicate that all concentrations up to 800 ppm are highly compatible, while 1000 ppm remains moderately compatible with Carbofuran. In contrast, Nanma exhibited high incompatibility, inhibiting Trichoderma growth completely at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 ppm. At even lower concentrations, inhibition percentage still remained high (70.32% - 78.55%). These findings indicated that Carbofuran 3G can be effectively integrated with T. asperellum (Tr-9) for nematode management in tuber crops, offering a balanced approach that combines chemical and biological methods while reducing environmental impact. Further research is required to evaluate the compatibility of novel nematicides such as Fluopyram, Fluensulfone, and Fluazaindolizine with Trichoderma, along with pot and field studies, to develop an effective integrated nematode management module for tuber crops
Utilizing Melastoma Compost (Melastoma malabatrichum L.) as a Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers in Shallot Cultivation
No full textAims: This study explores the potential of Melastoma compost (Melastoma malabatrichum L.) as a sustainable alternative to synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) cultivation.
Study Design: This study was conducted from July to October 2024 at the Green House of the Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Indonesia, at an altitude of 10 meters above sea level.
Methodology: The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments, each treatment was repeated 4 times. The treatments were: P0: No fertilizer; P1: 0% Melastoma compost (100% N, 100% P, and 100% K); P2: 25% Compost (75% N, 100% P, and 100% K); P3: 50% Compost (50% N, 100% P, and 100% K); P4: 75% Compost (25% N, 100% P, and 100% K); P5: 100% Compost (0% N, 100% P, and 100% K).
Results: The results indicated that plants receiving Melastoma compost exhibited improved growth characteristics, including greater plant height, greener leaves, and enhanced root dry weight. Additionally, yields were higher for plants treated with organic compost than those using synthetic fertilizers or without fertilization (control treatment). Soil analysis revealed increased nitrogen content and improved physical properties in Melastoma compost treatments. Melastoma compost significantly improved shallot growth and yield. Whether used alone or combined with synthetic fertilizers, Melastoma compost outperformed synthetic fertilizers applied without compost, which showed similar crop yield to control treatment. Melastoma compost can effectively replace or complement synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in shallot cultivation.
Conclusion: The study\u27s findings indicated that Melastoma compost positively impacted both the growth and yield of shallots. Using compost, either by itself or combined with synthetic fertilizers, enhanced the growth and yield of shallots. Shallots that received only synthetic fertilizer, without adding Melastoma compost, exhibited growth and yield similar to those not fertilized plants (control treatment). Melastoma compost can be applied independently, without synthetic fertilizer, or in conjunction with synthetic fertilizers for growing shallots. Therefore, Melastoma compost can serve as a substitute for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in shallot cultivation
One New Species of Thaxterogaster Subgenus Riederorum (Agaricales) from India
No full textThe family Cortinariaceae is one of the dominant groups of mushrooms in the Indian Himalayas. Currently, this family includes ten genera, with Thaxterogaster being one of them. This study introduces a new species, T. thindii, collected from the state of Meghalaya, and provides an overview of its morphology along with molecular phylogenetic analysis
Efficacy of Quarrying Activities and Heavy Metals on Nutritional Composition of Water Leaf (Talinum triangulare L.)
No full textEnvironmental pollution stands as a significant threat to humanity and it is recognized as a principal cause of diseases and fatalities due to exposure to hazardous substances from both natural and human-induced origins. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of quarrying activities on the nutritional composition, essential characteristics, and heavy metal concentrations in waterleaf (Talinum triangulare L.). Waterleaf plant samples were collected from quarrying sites and non-quarrying control sites for comparative analysis. The findings highlighted substantial alterations in the nutritional and elemental makeup of T. triangulare sourced from the quarrying site, compared to those from the control site. Notably, the waterleaf from the quarry exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increase in tannin, saponin, carbohydrate, and fibre, as well as concentrations of essential minerals including K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+. However, both manganese (Mn2+) and chromium (Cr2+) levels were undetectable at both sites. Moreover, the chlorophyll content in samples from the quarrying site was significantly reduced (p<0.05). In light of these results, it is inferred that quarrying activities have the potential to enhance the presence of certain minerals and phytochemical compounds in T. triangulare grown within the proximity of quarrying environments
Response of Wheat Cultivars to Water Deficit in North Nile Delta
No full textA field experiment was carried out during at two wheat growing seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22 on Sakha Agricultural Research farm, middle north of Nile Delta to find out the impact of water deficit on five bread wheat cultivars; Misr 2, Sakha 95, Misr 3, Giza 171 and Shandaweel 1, with three treatments irrigation were; A-irrigating with 60% water needs (WN), B-irrigating with 80%of WN and C-irrigating with 100% of WN. The obtained results showed that irrigating with 100% of WN recorded the highest values of heading, and maturity days, biological, grain and straw yield and yield components. Sakha 95 has the highest grain yield, Sakha 95 and Giza 171 had the highest values of 1000 grain weight and number of grains/spike, while Misr 2 and Giza 171 has the highest values of biological yield. Irrigating wheat with 80% of WN has so many advantages; high yield as the full irrigation and saving water. Crop-water function of PIW and WP increased with water deficit
Effect of Sowing Date and Post-Emergence Herbicide Application on Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major Rabi crop around the world, including India. After rice, it is India\u27s second-most important food grain crop, accounting for about half of all calories and protein. To improve wheat growth and output, it is crucial to seed at the right time and use effective weed control techniques. An Experiment was conducted at Pilikothi Farm of T. D. P. G. College, Jaunpur, U.P. during the Rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20. Experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three sowing dates i.e. 15 November, 30 November and 15 December as main plot treatment and six weed management practices i.e. weedy check, weed free, 2, 4 DEE @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha., Carfentrazone @ 0.025 kg a.i./ha., Metsulfuron methyl @ 0.004 kg a.i./ha., Arylex 20.85% + Florasulam @ 20% as sub plot treatment. Soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam. Fertilizer dose of 150:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O per hectare were applied. The results of the two years experiment clearly indicate that plant height, number of tillers, and leaf area index values were recorded high under sowing on November 15th as compared to other dates of sowing, while Arylex 20.85% + Florasulam @ 20% recorded higher growth over the rest of the herbicide treatments, but the weed-free plot recorded the highest values of the aforementioned growth parameters. Based on the findings, it is possible to infer that planting wheat on time (15th November) with Arylex 20.85% + Florasulam 20% herbicide for weed control may result in increased crop growth in the agro-climatic conditions of eastern Uttar Pradesh