International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Soil and Plant Molybdenum Status in Coconut Palms of the Southern Coastal Plain (AEU 1), Kerala, India
No full textAims: To assess plant molybdenum concentrations in coconut palms across the Southern Coastal Plain (Agro Ecological Unit 1 of Kerala) and evaluate nutritional status against established sufficiency standards for tree crops.
Study Design: Survey-based field study with spatial sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: Forty-seven panchayats across blocks of Agro-Ecological Unit 1 (Southern Coastal Plain), Kerala, India, during the year 2024-25.
Methodology: Soil samples at two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and corresponding mature leaf samples were collected from 141 geo-referenced locations across 47 panchayats across blocks of Southern Coastal Plain. Available molybdenum in soil was determined using acid ammonium oxalate extraction followed by AAS analysis. Plant tissue samples were digested using di-acid mixture and analyzed for Mo concentration. Spatial variability was assessed through descriptive statistics, and plant nutritional status was evaluated by comparing observed concentrations with established sufficiency ranges for other crops.
Results: Soil available Mo showed considerable variation with mean concentration of 0.04 mg kg⁻¹ in both surface (range 0.02-0.07 mg kg⁻¹) and subsurface (range 0.02-0.07 mg kg⁻¹) layers, with majority of soils below critical level. Plant Mo concentrations exhibited considerable spatial variability (CV = 38.34%) with mean of 0.22 mg kg⁻¹ (range 0.15-0.44 mg kg⁻¹). Approximately 89% of sampled locations exhibited plant Mo concentrations below 0.25 mg kg⁻¹, substantially lower than sufficiency ranges for rice (0.4-1.0 mg kg⁻¹) and fruit trees (0.10-2.00 mg kg⁻¹), indicating widespread deficiency directly attributable to inadequate soil Mo availability in sandy soils.
Conclusion: Molybdenum deficiency is widespread in both soil and coconut palms across the Southern Coastal Plain, likely constraining Mo-dependent enzyme activities. Strategic interventions including adequate Mo application and soil pH management are essential to elevate Mo availability and plant uptake for improved productivity
Effect of Various Potassium Levels and Organic Sources on Soil Health and Nutrient Content of Cluster Bean under Semi-arid Eastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India
No full textWith the advent of high-yielding crop varieties/hybrids and the gradual intensification of agriculture, soil potassium reserves are being depleted at a quicker rate. Furthermore, due to uneven fertiliser application, potassium deficit is becoming one of the most significant restrictions in crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of potassium and organic sources on soil properties and nutrient content of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) during Kharif, 2024 at Instructional Farm, SKNAU, Jobner, Jaipur (Raj.). The study comprised treatments with different potassium levels Control, 100% RDK @ (20 kg K ha⁻¹) (SA), 75% RDK @ (15 kg ha⁻¹) (SA) + KSB (5ml/kg seed) (ST) + KSB (SA) (2.5L/ha), 50% RDK @ (10 kg K ha⁻¹) (SA) KSB (5ml/kg seed) (ST) + KSB (SA) (2.5L/ha) and KSB (5ml/kg seed) (ST) + KSB (SA) (2.5L/ha)) and organic sources Control, 100% RDFYM (FYM @ 5 t/ha), 100% RDV (Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha) and 50% RDFYM (FYM @ 2.5 t/ha) + 50% RDV (Vermicompost @ 1.25 t/ha) arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications and 20 treatment combinations. The results of the experiment revealed that potassium application had no significant effect on soil pH, EC, bulk density, organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus; however, available potassium improved significantly (218.72 kg ha⁻¹ under 100% RDK), however Treatment 75% RDK + KSB (217.90 kg ha⁻¹) was found statistically at par. Organic sources significantly improved soil organic carbon (0.269 % under FYM@ 5 t/ha), reduced bulk density (1.46 Mg m⁻³ under FYM @ 5 t/ha), and enhanced available N (152.04 kg ha⁻¹), P (23.15 kg ha⁻¹) and K (217.87 kg ha⁻¹) under vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha. 100% RDFYM stimulated the highest microbial population and DHA (21.84 µg TPF g⁻¹), however, 50% RDFYM (FYM @ 2.5 t/ha) + 50% RDV (Vermicompost @ 1.25 t/ha) was found at par. Nutrient content in seed and straw was significantly influenced by potassium and organic sources. Maximum seed N (3.48%), K (0.516%) and straw N (0.72%), K (1.18%) occurred under 100% RDK, while Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha recorded highest seed N (3.49%), P (0.478%) and K (0.501%) content, however 50% RDFYM (FYM @ 2.5 t/ha) + 50% RDV (Vermicompost @ 1.25 t/ha) was found at par. The interactive effect K1O2 (100% RDK + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha) gave maximum seed N (3.60%) and K (0.552%) content, though K2O2 (75% RDK + KSB + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha) was found statistically at par with K1O2. It may be concluded that 75% RDK + KSB + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha not only saved 25% mineral K fertiliser but also sustained soil health and productivity, representing a sustainable nutrient management option for cluster bean in the semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan
Impact of Resource Based Organic Farming on Soil Fertility in Sugarcane Fields under South Gujarat Climatic Conditions
No full textThis study investigated the effect of resource based organic farming on soil fertility in sugarcane fields of south Gujarat. It has measured, organic C, Bulk density, N, P, K2O considering two factors include: Spacing and compost levels. The investigation was conducted during the years 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Organic Farm, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat). The soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture, with electrical conductivity within the safe limit (0.46 and 0.47 dS/m). The soil was medium in organic carbon (0.67 and 0.74 %) and slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 7.70 and 7.65). Medium in available nitrogen (248.30 kg/ha and 226.40 kg/ha) and P2O5 (45.20 and 35.70 kg/ha), high in available K2O (416.40 and 429.10 kg/ha), DTPA-extractable Fe (17.00 and18.20 mg/kg), Mn (15.20 and16.80 mg/kg), Cu (2.62 and 2.67 mg/kg), and DTPA-extractable Zn (1.60 and 1.48 mg/kg) during both years, respectively. The treatments, viz., (Factor A Spacing, S1:90 cm; S2:120 cm x 60 cm paired row with green manuring). (Factor B Manure levels, M1: NADEP @ 100 % RDN; M2: NADEP @ 75 % RDN; M3: NADEP @ 50 % RDN; and M4: NADEP @ 25 % RDN + Sugarcane trash @10 t/ha + jeevamrut @ 2000 l/ha., were applied to the sugarcane crop and replicated three times in factorial randomized block design. The soil physico-chemical properties enumerated with treatment M1: NADEP @ 100 % RDN its enhanced soil fertility, increasing organic carbon significantly during both the experimental years and nitrogen during second year of experiment. Organic farming positively impacts soil health. The Soil Properties reported enhanced soil fertility with organic treatments and reduced depletion of nutrients
Estimation of Water Requirement of Different Field Crops Grown in Tons Pump Canal Command Area of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textThe estimation of water requirements for different field crops was conducted in the Tons Pump Canal Command Area of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, utilizing twenty-five years of meteorological data. The study aimed to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements for major crops cultivated in the region, including wheat, paddy, barley, millet, pea, potato, sugarcane, mustard, til, Arhar, and gram. The Penman-Monteith equation was employed to calculate ETo, which ranged from 2.27 mm to 6.80 mm per day. The estimated crop water requirements were found to be 53.84 cm for wheat, 16.43 cm for paddy, 32.88 cm for barley, 6.38 cm for pea, 25.39 cm for potato, 70.02 cm for sugarcane, 33.31 cm for mustard, 150.23 cm for til, 38.38 cm for Arhar, 3.57 cm for gram, and 4.98 cm for another crop. Notably, millet required no additional irrigation. These findings provide valuable insights into the water management needs of field crops in the Tons Pump Canal Command Area, assisting in efficient irrigation planning and sustainable water resource utilization. The study underscores the importance of crop-specific water management strategies to optimize agricultural productivity in the region
Effect of Bio-fertilizer, Organic Manure and Micro Nutrients on Growth Characteristics of Scented Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textNutrient management through organics plays a major role in maintaining soil health due to build-up of soil organic matter, beneficial microbes and enzymes, besides improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore, combined use of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers in an integrated manner will give better performance in cereals by sustaining higher yield and maintaining soil health as well. Field experiments were conducted during Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment consisted three scented rice varieties (PB-1509, PB-1121 and PB-1), three bio-fertilizer and organic manure levels (BGA @ 10 kg ha-1, FYM @10 t ha-1 and BGA @ 10 kg ha-1 + FYM @10 t ha-1) and three nutrient management treatments (NPK- 120:60:60 kg ha-1 only, NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + FeSO4 1% sprayed at tillering stage and NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + FeSO4 1% sprayed at panicle initiation stage). The treatments were accommodated in split-split plot design with three replications. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture having low organic carbon (0.39 %), medium in available nitrogen (179 kg ha-1), low in available phosphorus (13.0 kg ha-1), medium in available potassium (156 kg ha-1), low in available zinc (0.58 mg ha-1) and normal in available iron (7.83 mg ha-1) with normal pH (7.95). Pooled results of two years experimentation indicated that highest value of plant height (96.45, 98.02 and 97.55cm), number of tillers m-2 (285.53, 288.15 and 268.26), fresh weight (66.76, 64.95 and 61.90 g plant-1) and dry weight (55.17, 53.69 and 51.17 g plant-1) at harvest stage was recorded under the variety PB-1121, BGA @ 10 kg ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and NPK (120:60:60 kg ha-1) + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal + FeSO4 1% sprayed at tillering stage, respectively. Crop growth rate was also recorded significantly highest in the above treatments and found maximum at 45-90 DAT
Response of Different Levels of N, P and K on Growth and Yield of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kesar
No full textThe experiment was conducted at the Fruit Research Station, Sakkarbaug, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, over two years, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept (FRBD), consisting of 18 treatment combinations, each with three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels N1 (500 g/tree), N2 (750 g/tree), N3 (1000 g/tree), two phosphorus levels P1 (100 g/tree), P2 (150 g/tree) and three potassium levels K1 (500 g/tree), K2 (750 g/tree), K3 (1000 g/tree). The experimental results indicated that significantly highest plant growth, including plant height (0.27 m), plant spread on east-west (0.27 m) and north south (0.32 m), and number of panicles (236.97), was observed in pooled result under the application of nitrogen N3 (1000 g/tree), In terms of yield attributes, the treatment N3 (1000 g /tree) recorded the highest fruit set at pea stage (12.93) and marble stages (3.06), with maximum number of fruit per tree (165.19), fruit yield per tree (40.50 kg) and fruit yield (7.26 t/ha) in pooled result. Regarding phosphorus levels, the application of phosphorus P2 (150 g/tree) significantly influenced various growth, yield and quality parameters and resulted in the highest number of panicles per plant (236.39), length of panicle (26.47 cm) along with an increased number of fruits per tree (164.94) and highest fruit yield per tree (40.43 kg). In potash treatments, K2 (750 g/tree) significantly influenced various growth and yield parameters like maximum number of panicle per plant (237.53), highest length of panicle (26.53 cm) and highest fruit yield per tree (39.68 kg/tree). On the basis of two years studies and results obtained from the present investigation bring the conclusion that growth, yield and quality parameters of mango were influenced by different levels of N, P and K. It seems quite logical to conclude that fertilizer application of 1000 g/tree nitrogen, 150 g/tree phosphorus and 750 g/tree potash has been found optimum fertilizer dose which improved growth and yield with higher net realization in mango cv. Kesar
Effect of Organic Manure on Nutrient Content of Cabbage Head (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
No full textExperiment was carried out at Horticulture Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during winter season of 2020-21 21 to evaluate the effect of organic manure on nutrient content of cabbage head. Ten treatments comprising of various combinations of organic manures was used in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) 150 kg ha-1 was used. Results showed that the application of 100% RDN through enriched compost + fortified Panchagavya spray @ 4% at 10 to 20 days after transplanting and 15 days after 1st spray + fortified Jeevamrut @ 500 L ha-1 twice at 15-days interval recorded the highest protein and nutrient content i.e., Ca, P, K, Fe and Sin cabbage head which are significantly different from other treatments. Lowest values for these parameters were recorded under control, in which no manure has been applied
Influence of Different Fertilization Levels on the Growth, Disease and Pest Status of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.) in Buea, Cameroon
No full textAims: Investigates the effects of different NPK fertilizer levels on growth and disease situation of Telfairia occidentalis in Buea, Cameroon.
Study Design: The design was a complete randomized design with four treatments and four replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the research field of the Department of Plant Science in the university of Buea, Cameroon
Methodology: Two fluted pumpkin seed were planted in each planting stand in each experimental unit, with a planting distance of 0.5m x 1m at a depth of 4cm. NPK fertilizer treatments; T1(0 kg NPK/ha), T2(69.3 kg NPK/ha), T3 (138.8 kg NPK/ha), T4 (208.3 kg NPK/ha) were applied two weeks after seed germination, using a circular method. Plants were randomly tagged for growth measurements and observation for disease situation for a period of five weeks at weekly base.
Results: Growth parameters increased with increased fertilization levels. Incidence and severity were low and decreased with increased fertilization at T4 (208.3 kg NPK/ha). Blistering disease-like symptom recorded the highest incidence (9.38%), followed by white spot disease-like symptom (6.25%) while necrosis and crinkling recorded the least (4.1%). T1 recorded a higher disease incidence (17.71%) while T3 and T4 recorded the least (5.21%). The severity of the diseases was highest in TI (2.3%) and least in T4 (0.9%). Garden snail, Eastern lubber, Winter moth larva and soft scale coccus were the pests observed in the study
Conclusion: Appropriate NPK application rates should be used by farmers to optimize crop production and contributing to improved food security. T. occidentalis in Buea is infected with some diseases though the incidence is low
Impact of Yellow Sticky Trap against White Fly in Brinjal Production in Malda under Old Alluvial Zone of West Bengal through Frontline Demonstration
No full textImpact of yellow sticky trap against brinjal white fly (Bemesia tabaci) with recommended dose of fertilizer and seed, soil and micronutrient treatment was investigated through Front Line Demonstration in Malda of West Bengal during kharif season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The demonstration yield were 292.44q/ha and 305.54q/ha which were 18.34% and 30.26% higher to control (248.33q/ha and 236.43q/ha) during respective years. The mean little leaf and stunted growth were10.13% and 8.9%in demonstration and 64.73% and 58.49% in control. Net return and benefit-cost ratio from demonstration were Rs. 2,55,329/-ha and 2.75 during 2019-20and Rs. 2,73,020/-ha and 2.84 during 2020-21 and Rs. 1,72,421/-ha and 1.50 in 2019-20and Rs. 1,52,943/-ha and 1.26 in 2020-21 in control. The extension and technology gaps were 44.11q/ha and 57.56q/ha in 2019-20and 69.11q/ha and44.46q/ha in 2020-21.Reduction of technology index from 16.45% (2019-20) to 12.70% (2020-21) exhibited feasibility and acceptability of installation of yellow sticky traps against whitefly in brinjal in these areas
Genetic Dissection of Reproductive Stage Salinity Tolerance in Rice Using Salt Tolerant Cultivar MTU 1061
No full textEnhancement in salt tolerance at reproductive stage is very essential for increase in the grain yield and extremely desirable to sustain production in salinity affected areas. In the current study, 234 F2 population were derived from MTU 1061, which is salinity tolerant high yielding variety and MTU 1121, saline sensitive rice variety. We applied 1,001 rice SSR markers spanning all 12 chromosomes of rice to study parental polymorphism. The linkage map has been generated with 104 polymorphic markers and 234 F2 mapping population. We identified 25 QTLs which explained 0.2-7.9% phenotypic variance at LOD score 2.10-6.55 using Kosambi mapping function by IciMapping. The two parental lines contributed QTLs for the yield traits. In our study, majority of the QTLs were mapped for the first time and these QTLs controlling reproductive stage salinity tolerance associated traits, will be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs to develop salinity tolerant rice varieties