Scholar Insight Journal
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Ambivalence and Mimicry: A Post-colonial Study of Hayford’s“Mista Courifer”
Full text linkThis study explores the concepts of ambivalence and mimicry in Adelaide Casely Hayford\u27s short story Mista Courifer. The research uses post-colonial theory, particularly Homi Bhabha’s ideas on mimicry and ambivalence, to analyze the story. Mimicry is shown as a survival tactic for Courifer, while his ambivalence reveals internal conflicts about adopting English ways. Tomas also experiences ambivalence as he resists his father’s influence and rejects colonial norms, yet paradoxically adopts certain European ideas. Through this lens, the study highlights how colonialism creates psychological tension and cultural confusion in individuals, shaping their identities and relationships. The analysis concludes that mimicry in the story is not mere imitation but a deliberate tactic used by the characters to secure a place within colonial society and to create a sense of protection for themselves. Ambivalence, on the other hand, emerges as an inevitable outcome of colonial rule: in Courifer, it stems from his conflicted adoption of English culture, while in Tomas it arises through his resistance to his father’s expectations
Unstable Homes, Unstable Lives: A Psychogeographic Exploration of Gentrification in Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers
Full text linkSpaces are never neutral; they actively shape an individual’s consciousness. In the wake of gentrification, these spaces become sites of exclusion, moral decay, and profound loss, where individuals struggle to maintain their sense of self amid shifting social and spatial orders. This article examines Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers (2019) through the intersecting lenses of Guy Debord’s concept of psychogeography and Sharon Zukin’s theory of gentrification to explore how urban spatial transformation in Lahore disrupts the psychological and moral integrity of the character(s). The study argues that gentrified spaces are not merely physical constructs but also psychogeographic forces that shape consciousness, manipulate desire, and erode individual agency. The research employs textual analysis, and looks into how Khan uses figurative language, spatial metaphors, visual motifs, and irony to depict the city as both seductive and alienating. Ali’s journey shows how gentrified spaces, built to serve the rich, lead the poor into confusion and loss. Drawn by false hopes of a better life, he becomes trapped in a city that controls his choices and slowly breaks down his sense of self. Moreover, this article argues that Khan’s portrayal of Lahore transforms the city into a symbolic landscape, where gentrification operates as psychological violence and leads to Ali’s tragic unravelling and eventual death
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Instructional Model for Enhancing Personalized Learning in the Classroom
Full text linkIn this research, I address the question of whether an instructional model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help provide more individual learning experiences in an engaging English classroom context among the learners in the ninth grade. A quantitative type of research using a sample size of 30 students was performed through pre- and post-intervening surveys, engagement and performance monitoring. The main aims were presenting the effectiveness of AI in providing personalized content provision, measuring its influence on the student engagement and performance, the interaction of a teacher with the system, and revealing the distinctions based on gender in terms of system acceptance and effectiveness. The results indicated that the AI instruction model contributed to significant increases in the personalized learning results. The level of engagement, educational performance, and the interaction with the AI system proved to be higher in case of male students and lower in case of female students. It was discovered that teacher participation was an important key to the effective implementation of the AI tool and the greater the interaction of a teacher with students, the better are the results of the learning. These findings are indicative of the fact that gender relations, as well as an active teacher intervening process, are critical factors in the process of AI-guided instruction optimization. On the basis of those results, it is suggested that schools should utilize AI based models in facilitating personal learning, as well as well-planned teacher education and gender-sensitive interaction patterns. The research is an addition to the existing evidence of the usefulness of AI in the educational environment and the criticality of the inclusive practices approach that would help realize the potential value of AI to its maximum. To further elaborate, future studies ought to consider these findings beyond the short-term effects, different subjects, and large classes of students with the intention of comprehending how such AI-based learning interventions are scalable and sustainable
آپ بیتی،خودنوشت اورسوانح عمری:اردو ادب کا سنگم
No full textAutobiographical writing is a literary genre in which the author narrates their life experiences, emotions, and observations. It differs from biography as it presents a personal perspective and inner reflections rather than just factual accounts. In autobiographies, writers delve into their personal worlds, exploring their memories, struggles, achievements, and thoughts. This genre often provides a deeper connection between the reader and the writer, allowing insights into the writer\u27s psyche and their journey through life.
Urdu literature has a rich tradition of autobiographical writing, with notable figures, writers, and even common individuals documenting their life stories. The genre has evolved over time, gaining more popularity and importance within the literary world. Urdu autobiographies have served as windows into the cultural, social, and political contexts in which these writers lived. Through these narratives, readers can better understand the personal histories of authors, the challenges they faced, and the impact they had on society.
This article explores the history of autobiographical writing, its stylistic and artistic aspects, significant examples in Urdu literature, and its literary and social significance. Autobiographies in Urdu are marked by a unique blend of literary styles, such as poetry, prose, and storytelling, making them both artistic and intimate. Prominent works in this genre have shaped modern Urdu literature, inspiring generations of writers to explore their own lives through the written word. Autobiographical writing offers not only a reflection of an individual’s life but also a representation of broader societal changes and influences
Educational institutions in Sadr-e-Islam and their performance in the light of Islamic teachings (Critical review)
Full text linkThe early Islamic period witnessed the emergence of training institutions such as maktabs and madrasas, which played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, moral, and social fabric of the Muslim community. Rooted in the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah, these institutions were more than centers of religious instruction; they were comprehensive learning environments that emphasized both spiritual and worldly knowledge. Education was inclusive and accessible, extending to men and women alike, as well as to individuals across different social classes, including slaves. This progressive approach laid the groundwork for a more equitable and enlightened society. The curriculum in these institutions encompassed a wide array of subjects, including theology, jurisprudence, science, mathematics, and philosophy. Teachers were often scholars of high moral standing, reinforcing not only academic but also ethical development in their students. These institutions encouraged critical thinking, intellectual debate, and the pursuit of knowledge as a form of worship, aligning with the Islamic view that seeking knowledge is a sacred duty. Their role extended beyond the academic sphere, fostering civic responsibility and social cohesion. This review critically evaluates the structure, inclusivity, and long-term impact of maktabs and madrasas in early Islamic society. It highlights their contribution to knowledge dissemination, moral education, and the development of a socially responsible Muslim identity. The enduring influence of these institutions is evident in the continued reverence for education in Muslim societies and their historical contributions to global intellectual traditions
Critical Analysis of Political Music Videos of Pakistan (2007-2021): A Socio-Cognitive Approach
Full text linkThis study examines the socio-cognitive procedures used in the creation of political music videos in Pakistan. The data spans fifteen years, from 2007 to 2021. According to this study, music videos are a new and potent weapon for creating political narratives in Pakistan using themes of integration and disintegration. These narratives are then used to pique the interest of the audience. The study’s qualitative analysis is based on in-depth interviews with singers, lyricists, and music video producers. Purposive sampling is used to select five respondents for the interviews. The themes are then gleaned from the respondents’ responses. Incorporating a theoretical framework into the interpretation of the findings is Rick Altman’s approach to film genre (1987). The results point to an increase in Altman’s philosophical outlook. Results also demonstrate that state-sponsored socially conscious themes predominate in Pakistani sociopolitical music videos
Case Studies in Sahaba Treaty Practice and Territorial Integration
Full text linkThis article examines how the Companions of the Prophet (Sahaba), especially during the Rightly Guided Caliphate, translated Quranic and Prophetic norms into concrete legal instruments for foreign affairs and territorial integration. Focusing on treaty continuity, capitulation agreements, safe conduct (aman),and the selective recognition of local custom (urf), it argues that early Islamic external governance was neither improvised nor purely driven by military expediency. Rather, it was structured around covenant fidelity, procedural fairness, and protection of life, property, and worship for non-Muslim populations incorporated into the Islamic polity. First, the article analyses how post Prophetic leadership treated the Prophet’s covenants as binding obligations of the political community, thereby grounding later doctrines of treaty continuity and principled termination. Second, it studies capitulation agreements in Syria and Iraq as jurisprudential texts that regulated security, taxation, religious institutions, and mobility, while limiting predation and incentivizing stability. Third, it explores aman as a morally weighty guarantee enabling envoys, merchants, and vulnerable populations to move across borders under enforceable protection. Finally, it shows how administrative continuity and legal pluralism emerged through conditional recognition of urf, allowing diverse communities to preserve internal norms under overarching Islamic sovereignty. These case studies illuminate a formative Sahaba based model of international conduct whose ethical core remains relevant to modern discussions of treaty obligation, minority protection, and lawful governance in plural societies
The "Escaping Reality: \u27Denial\u27 as a Defense Mechanism in the World of \u27Exit West\u27"
No full textThis research seeks to elucidate the essential principles of psychoanalysis, emphasising the foundational ideas put forth by Sigmund Freud, in the novel written by Mohsin Hamid “Exit West”. The theory of Denial, Defense Mechanism of psychoanalysis is clearly shown through the characters of Saeed and Nadia. Psychoanalytic theory places great emphasis on the concept of denial, which is a defence mechanism employed by humans to reject reality or truths. This idea has the potential to provide noteworthy revelations into the actions and experiences of the characters. This analysis attempts to deepen our knowledge of the psychological effects of relocation and the coping mechanisms used by individuals who are compelled to leave their homes by looking at how denial appears in Saeed and Nadia\u27s journey. In "Exit West," denial is revealed as a complex coping technique that helps Saeed and Nadia deal with their quickly failing reality. These actions show the various ways in which denying can serve to safeguard the psyche, including withdrawing into a virtual world, avoiding unpleasant interactions, finding comfort in one another, or contesting the indefinite nature of their relocation
لسانیاتی تناظر میں اردو مارفیمیات: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
No full textMorphology, or Morphemics, is a crucial branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of the structure of words and how they are formed. A morpheme, which is the smallest meaningful unit in a language, plays a vital role in this field. It can either be free, meaning it stands alone as a word, like "house," or bound, meaning it must be attached to another morpheme, as in the case of "ness" in "kindness." Morphemes are broadly categorized into two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes modify a word to convey grammatical information such as tense, number, or gender without altering its core meaning, whereas derivational morphemes create entirely new words by changing the meaning or grammatical category of the base word, such as turning "happy" into "happiness."
Scholars such as Iqtadar Hussain, Naseer Ahmad, Khalil Ahmad Saddique, A.S Saddique, and Ali Rafad Fathi have contributed significantly to the exploration of morphemic structures and their significance in various languages. Their work has enriched the understanding of how morphemes function in shaping the syntax and semantics of a language. In the context of Urdu, the study of morphology reveals how words are systematically constructed through prefixes, suffixes, and infixes, following principles similar to those found in other languages. Understanding morphemes and their role in word formation not only aids in linguistic analysis but also provides insight into the historical and cultural evolution of language structures. It helps in exploring the dynamic nature of languages and the ongoing development of vocabulary and grammar
A Critical Analysis of Magical Realism in “Forty Rules of Love” in the Light of Post-Modernist Theory
No full textThis research explores the intricate narrative techniques employed by Elif Shafak in "The Forty Rules of Love," where historical fiction converges with magical realism to create a captivating exploration of spirituality and love. The novel seamlessly intertwines the stories of Rumi and Shams in 13th-century Turkey with the modern-day journey of Ella, a woman who discovers profound connections to their lives through her reading of a manuscript. Shafak\u27s adept use of mystical encounters, dreams, and Sufi concepts blurs the boundaries between reality and imagination, inviting readers into a world where the spiritual and the mundane coalesce. Through a rigorous content-based analysis, this study aims to delve deeper into the thematic richness and narrative impact of magical realism within Shafak\u27s work. By examining specific instances of magical realism throughout the novel, such as Ella\u27s mystical experiences and the fluidity of time and space, this research seeks to elucidate how these elements contribute to the overarching exploration of spiritual themes. Additionally, the study will investigate how Shafak\u27s use of magical realism enhances reader engagement and prompts critical reflection on the nature of reality and the power of love. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between historical fiction and magical realism in "The Forty Rules of Love," this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Shafak\u27s literary craftsmanship and the thematic complexities of her work. Through an analysis of both textual evidence and reader responses, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the ways in which magical realism enriches the narrative experience and fosters meaningful contemplation of spiritual and existential questions