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Employee Well-Being in Hybrid Work Environments: Balancing Productivity, Preventing Digital Burnout, and Promoting Mental Health in the Era of Remote and Flexible Work
Full text linkStudy examined the impact of hybrid work conditions on employee productivity, digital burnout, mental health outcomes, and organizational well-being support among professionals across technology, education, and finance sectors. Drawing on responses from 320 participants, the results revealed that hybrid work significantly improved flexibility, focus, and goal achievement while reducing commuting-related fatigues. However, a considerable proportion of employees reported moderate to high levels of digital burnout, primarily linked to mental exhaustion, difficulty disconnecting, and reduced motivation for online meetings. Advanced analyses revealed sector and gender disparities in burnout, with the education sector and female employees at higher risk. Screen time and meeting load were key predictors of burnout, while organizational support was a critical buffer. A mediated model confirmed that digital burnout partially explains the negative impact of screen time on job satisfaction, an effect that is weakened by strong organizational support. Despite these challenges, most participants maintained positive mental health outcomes, including satisfactory work-life balance and job satisfaction, reflecting the buffering role of perceived organizational support for well-being, such as flexible scheduling and mental health initiatives. The findings highlight the dual nature of hybrid work: it enhances productivity and autonomy while also intensifying screen fatigue and emotional strain. These insights contribute to the growing literature on post-pandemic work structures, emphasizing the need for human-centered organizational policies and sustainable digital engagement strategies. The study concludes that maintaining employee well-being in hybrid models requires proactive managerial support, structured communication, and digital detox initiatives. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and sector-specific adaptations to better optimize hybrid work frameworks for productivity and mental resilience.
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Effects of Contextual Cues on False Memory: A Comparative Experimental Approach
Full text linkResearch on false memory formation using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been extensively conducted in Western contexts. Yet, a significant gap remains in experimental investigations within South Asian populations, particularly in Pakistan. Existing studies, such as those on the Visual Mandela Effect, have explored collective false memories; however, they lack controlled experimental manipulation of contextual variables. To address this gap, the study examined the impact of contextual cues, both visual and auditory, and the effect of no contextual cues, on false memory formation. Sixty participants (aged 18–40) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Visual and Auditory Cues, Visual Cues only, and Word List only. Each group was presented with three semantically themed DRM word lists across three recall blocks. A between-subjects one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the recall of critical lures across groups, with the highest false memory incidence observed in the combined cue condition, [F (2,57) = 14.505, p < .001, η² = .337]. Post hoc analyses further confirmed that exposure to multimodal cues significantly increased susceptibility to false memories compared to the control condition. However, a repeated-measures of ANOVA indicated no significant change in critical lure recall across the three blocks within groups. Additionally, the control group demonstrated higher accurate recall and lower intrusion rates. These findings underscore the role of sensory contextual cues in modulating memory distortion and contribute novel cross-cultural evidence to the literature on memory and cognition. The study holds implications for legal, clinical, and educational settings where memory accuracy is critical.
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Global Currents and Local Narratives: Identity Transformations in Contemporary Pakistani Cinema
Full text linkThis article examines the impact of globalization on Pakistani cinema, focusing on how global exposure is reshaping storytelling, cultural identity, and audience perception. It investigates the dual nature of globalization as both a catalyst for modernization and a potential threat to local authenticity. The study specifically analyses how viewers perceive the interplay between global neoliberal influences and indigenized representations in contemporary Pakistani films.
A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents from diverse backgrounds, including students, media professionals, and academics. The instrument contained 25 Likert-scale statements measuring five key dimensions: globalization in cinema, representation of local identity, transformation of cinematic identity, effects of media globalization, and audience satisfaction. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify trends, correlations, and differences in audience responses. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality were strictly maintained.
The results indicate that globalization has contributed to the revival of Pakistani cinema through improved storytelling, production quality, and global recognition. Respondents widely agreed that exposure to international film trends fosters creativity and technical innovation. However, a significant number also expressed concerns about the erosion of traditional values and the prevalence of westernized narratives. This reveals a preference for a hybrid cinematic model that merges global aesthetics with local themes. Audiences emphasized the need to preserve cultural heritage while embracing modernization for sustainable industry growth. The study concludes that globalization presents both an opportunity and a challenge, necessitating a balanced approach that integrates innovation with authenticity to ensure the industry flourishes without losing its cultural identity.
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Academic Needs of Madaris in 21st Century: A Study of Madaris in Tehsil Minchinabad, District Bahawalnagar, South Punjab
Full text linkThis comprehensive study investigates the evolving academic needs of Pakistani Madaris in the contemporary educational landscape. As institutions that have preserved Islamic scholarship for centuries, Madaris now face mounting pressure to adapt their traditional pedagogical approaches to meet 21st century learning demands. The research employed a mixed-methods approach to evaluate institutional capacity, pedagogical effectiveness, and resource adequacy across 101 registered Madaris in Tehsil Minchinabad. Through purposive sampling, researchers selected 10 representative institutions (comprising 8 male and 2 female residential Madaris) for in-depth analysis, collecting data from 100 respondents via structured interviews and systematic observation. The findings reveal systemic challenges across multiple dimensions of educational delivery. Infrastructure deficiencies emerged as particularly acute, with 78% of surveyed institutions lacking proper classroom facilities and 85% reporting inadequate student-teacher ratios. The curriculum analysis showed minimal integration of modern subjects, with only 12% of Madaris offering basic computer literacy and 8% including vocational training components. Library resources were found to be predominantly theological (92%), with severe shortages in contemporary reference materials. Financial constraints were universally identified as the primary barrier to improvement, with 93% of respondents reporting annual budgets insufficient for basic maintenance, let alone modernization.
Notably, the study uncovered significant disparities between male and female Madaris in resource allocation and educational outcomes. Female institutions received 37% less funding on average while serving 22% more students per teacher. Despite these challenges, 68% of students expressed strong interest in curriculum modernization if core religious studies were preserved. The research recommends immediate policy interventions including: standardized funding formulas tied to performance metrics; mandatory teacher training programs; phased curriculum reforms integrating STEM subjects; and public-private partnerships for infrastructure development. These measures would enable Madaris to maintain their religious identity while equipping students with skills for socioeconomic participation in modern Pakistan.
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How can Financial Literacy Mitigate the Relationship between Behaviour Biases and Investment Decision-making? Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Full text linkThe study aims to analyse the influence of behavioural biases, such as overconfidence, risk aversion, and herding on investment decision-making. The authors additionally investigate how financial literacy moderates the association between behaviour biases and investing decision-making. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The survey gathered data from 284 individual investors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using a standardized questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the data were assessed using the Cronbach\u27s alpha test, respectively. The study employed regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The study findings indicate that risk-aversion and herding have a negative and statistically significant impact on investment decision-making among investors. On the other hand, overconfidence has a positive and statistically significant influence on investment decision-making. Research has shown that financial literacy has a notable impact on the investment choices made by investors. The statistical analysis revealed that the interface effect of financial literacy with overconfidence, risk aversion, and herding was shown to be significant among individual investors. According to this current research, the study is particularly useful for portfolio managers and politicians when creating investment portfolios for investors, taking into account their behavioural biases. The study suggests that investors should participate in training programmers and seminars to improve their financial literacy and understanding. This would enable them to effectively address behavioural biases while making investment decision-making. The present study seeks to investigate the potential impact of various behavioural biases on investment decision-making. Additionally, the authors aim to investigate if these connections are influenced by the level of financial knowledge. Financial knowledge may play a significant role in predicting investments. This study is maybe the first to investigate the moderating impact of financial literacy on the investors in the PSX.
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Enhanced Product Review Recommendations Using Collaborative Filtering and Singular Value Decomposition
Full text linkRecommender systems have become indispensable tools for enhancing user satisfaction and engagement across diverse business sectors, including online marketplaces, streaming services, and e-commerce platforms. This research proposes and evaluates an advanced product review recommendations system that leverages collaborative filtering techniques to deliver personalized and accurate suggestions. By integrating memory-based and model-based collaborative filtering approaches, the system effectively analyses user-item interactions to predict preferences. A key innovation of this study is the application of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to decompose the user-item matrix, which not only improves prediction efficiency but also reduces computational demands by addressing data sparsity and dimensionality challenges.
The system employs item-based collaborative filtering, utilizing the KNNWithMeans algorithm, and achieves a prediction accuracy of 1.34 RMSE, as validated through rigorous testing on a large-scale electronics product review dataset. Additionally, a correlation-based method is implemented to identify strongly associated products, enabling the generation of highly relevant recommendations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing recommendation models in terms of scalability and accuracy, particularly for large datasets.
Furthermore, this research explores the potential of hybrid models and deep learning techniques to further enhance recommendation quality and mitigate common issues such as the cold-start problem and data sparsity. The findings highlight the system’s robustness in real-world applications and its adaptability to dynamic user behaviour. By combining collaborative filtering with matrix factorization, this study provides a scalable and efficient solution for modern e-commerce platforms seeking to improve user experience and drive sales. Future directions include integrating real-time processing capabilities and exploring advanced machine learning algorithms to refine recommendation precision.
References
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Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Performance evaluation using Balanced Scorecard framework: Insights from a public sector case study. International Journal of Human and Society, 5(1), 40-47. https://ijhs.com.pk/index.php/IJHS/article/view/808
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Transforming Libraries with Blockchain Technology: An Overview of its Potential implementation, Benefits, and challenges
Full text linkLibraries are actively exploring innovative methods to leverage advanced technological breakthroughs like Blockchain, driven by the rapid evolution of information technology. The inherent benefits of blockchain, including its decentralized, transparent, and safe data management capabilities, offer compelling solutions for various library operations. While Bitcoin remains a prominent application, libraries can harness Blockchain\u27s underlying potential to significantly enhance efficiency and security across numerous facets of their services.
This study delves into the multifaceted potential effects of blockchain technology on libraries. It meticulously examines possible applications, long-term benefits, and the critical significance of seamlessly integrating blockchain technology into existing library services. For instance, blockchain could revolutionize interlibrary loan systems by creating an immutable, tamper-proof record of every transaction, thereby drastically reducing administrative burdens, minimizing disputes over borrowed materials, and expediting the overall lending process. Furthermore, it offers a robust framework for enhanced intellectual property management for digital resources, ensuring that creators\u27 rights are meticulously protected and providing transparent, auditable tracking of digital content usage. This level of verifiable provenance is particularly crucial for academic and research libraries managing vast collections of scholarly works.
Ultimately, the objective is to move towards Blockchain-based library management systems that require less manual labor, thereby improving overall understanding, fostering creativity in service design, and streamlining operational efficiency. Given that blockchain adoption in libraries is still in its nascent stages, this study aims to provide insightful information that can serve as a foundational guide for future research and practical implementation. The study concludes that, by adopting a contextual approach, Blockchain technology holds immense promise for greatly enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of resource transparency, ensuring patron privacy through secure data management, and bolstering information security across all library functions.
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The Future Classroom: Integrating AI and Social Media for Adaptive Learning
Full text linkThis study investigated the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and social media into classroom instruction to enhance adaptive learning, engagement, and academic performance. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 120 undergraduate students divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received instruction through AI-based adaptive platforms and collaborative social media tools, while the control group experienced conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, engagement surveys, and observational checklists, then analysed using SPSS to compare group performance, engagement trends, and correlations between digital activity and academic outcomes. Results of the analysis revealed that the experimental group showed a significantly higher improvement in post-test scores (p < 0.01), with emotional and cognitive engagement increasing more than behavioural engagement. Qualitative feedback highlighted students\u27 appreciation for real-time AI feedback and peer learning networks, though some reported initial technological challenges. The AI system\u27s adaptive algorithms successfully identified knowledge gaps in 78% of learners, enabling targeted interventions. Interestingly, social media integration reduced classroom anxiety by 32% according to self-reported surveys. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship (r = 0.82) between engagement levels and academic performance. Weekly academic progression showed a steeper upward trajectory in the experimental group. Social media platforms such as Discord and Microsoft Teams were particularly effective in fostering peer collaboration, with 85% of students reporting improved communication skills. The study concluded that AI and social media, when integrated thoughtfully, could promote personalized, engaging, and collaborative learning environments. However, the findings also underscored the need to address concerns related to data privacy, overreliance on AI, and digital equity, particularly for students from low-income backgrounds who showed 15% less engagement with the technologies. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and scalability across diverse educational settings, including vocational training and STEM disciplines where AI tutoring systems may yield different outcomes.
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The Meanings of the ‘Wisdom’ and the ‘Hikmat’: A Philosophical and Analytical Discourse
Full text linkThe words ‘Wisdom’ and ‘Hikmat’ are generally used as synonyms, but in fact, they narrate different contents on epistemological grounds. In critical analysis, they both belong to epistemology, which is the branch of philosophy that deals with the questions relating to the sources, clarification of the meanings and definition of knowledge. On these grounds, this article proves that they are not the same things but they are two different stages of the same field of knowledge. Here the question of their status will be the focus on etymological, epistemological, theological, and philosophical basis.
These fields are necessary to be consulted because etymology is the science that tells about how a word originates e.g. Hikmat or Hikmah and how it evolved in various languages and how the same meaning having different words took the present shape through ages chronologically. Epistemology, which deals with the contents and sources of knowledge e.g. what, is Hikmat? What are its sources? How it is related to sense organs and how it is related to insight instead of sensations and experimental knowledge? Theologically, how ‘Hikmat\u27 claims to be a source of knowledge which has no roots in human experiences and how it can prove itself as above rationalism and finally, philosophy is the subject that has a great element of doubt in its investigations and it also claims to be a ‘lover of wisdom’ or Hikmat, then how can it synchronize ‘doubt’ and ‘wisdom’ or ‘Hikmat’.
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The Impact of Maternal Employment on Children’s Educational Attainment at Primary School Level: A Sociological Study of Working Mothers in Khairpur City
Full text linkIt is a widely acknowledged fact that sustainable national progress is inextricably linked to the active socioeconomic participation of all its citizens. Within this framework, a mother’s employment is a significant factor in national development and familial well-being. The present quantitative research project examines the multifaceted impact of mothers’ employment on their children\u27s educational attainment and psychosocial development. Data was collected via a structured 52-item questionnaire from 261 working mothers employed in government sectors within Khairpur city, Sindh, utilizing a convenience sampling technique. As the primary agents of socialization, mothers are crucial to a child\u27s development; this study specifically investigates correlations between maternal employment and children\u27s scholastic performance and self-confidence. The collected data was rigorously analysed using IBM SPSS software (Version 26), employing descriptive statistics to quantify the results. The findings indicate that children of working mothers significantly improved their academic grades, participated more frequently in extracurricular activities, and developed greater confidence and independence. This study contributes valuable empirical evidence from a specific socio-cultural context, adding new meaning to the existing body of research and highlighting implications for policy supporting working families.
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