Inverge Journal of Social Sciences
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Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Hyper-Personalized Marketing: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital Era
Full text linkThis study investigates the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven hyper-personalized marketing, with a focus on how businesses and professionals perceive its effectiveness, barriers, and future outlook. The research aims to provide insights into the role of AI in enhancing customer segmentation, personalized recommendations, and overall marketing strategies. A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. A total of 300 respondents were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data was analysed and presented using tables, bar charts, pie charts, and donut charts to illustrate key patterns and frequencies. Reliability of the instrument was confirmed through Cronbach’s Alpha, ensuring internal consistency. The results reveal strong support for AI’s role in improving customer segmentation and delivering personalized recommendations, with predictive analytics, chatbots, and behavioural targeting identified as the most impactful strategies. However, data privacy concerns were recognized as the most significant barrier, followed by high implementation costs, ethical issues, and a shortage of skilled professionals. Mixed views emerged on AI’s impact on customer trust, although 80% of respondents supported increased investment, highlighting optimism for AI’s role in transforming customer experience in the coming years. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI in marketing by combining empirical evidence with practical insights from professionals. It highlights the duality of opportunity and challenge in AI-driven hyper-personalization and underscores the importance of balancing technological innovation with transparency, ethical safeguards, and human oversight. The findings offer actionable implications for businesses aiming to leverage AI responsibly while maintaining consumer trust and competitiveness in the digital era.
References
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Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Leveraging Porter\u27s Diamond Model: Public Sector Insights. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(2), 2255-2271.
Afzal, M., Arshad, N., & Shaheen, A. (2025). ChatGPT and the Future of Academic Writing: Enhancing Productivity and Creativity. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 3(1), 1-11.
Ahmad, S., & Museera, S. (2024). The Strategic Influence of Cloud Computing on Contemporary Marketing and Management Practices. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(2), 21-30.
Alim, I. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence on the accounting profession: Technological advancements and employment perspectives. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 15(3), 1173–1187. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.3.1873
Alim, I., Imtiaz, N., Al Prince, A., & Hasan, M. A. (2025). AI and Blockchain Integration: Driving Strategic Business Advancements in the Intelligent Era. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 3(2), 38-50.
Atif, M. (2024). The Transformative Role of Block chain Technology in Supply Chain Management. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(2), 31-44.
Basharat, R., Javaid, A., Alim, I., Khan, A. H., & Arif, N. (2025). Strategic Innovations and Transformative Impact of Blockchain Technology. The Asian Bulletin of Big Data Management , 5(2), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.62019/sc4xdv41
Butt, S., & Yazdani, N. (2023). Implementation of Quality Management Practices and Firm’s Innovation Performance: Mediation of Knowledge Creation Processes and Moderating role of Digital Transformation. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(4), 3881-3902.
Chandra, S., Verma, S., Lim, W. M., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2022). Personalization in personalized marketing: Trends and ways forward. Psychology & Marketing, 39(8), 1529-1562.
Chaudhry, F. A. (2024). AI-Powered Decision-Making: Balancing Automation and Human Oversight in Corporate Governance. International Journal of Business & Computational Science, 1(1).
Chowdhury, F., Sayem, M. A., Anwar, A. S., Dutta, S., Sikder, R., & Kar, M. R. (2025). Pathfinder AI: Decentralizing Career Mobility for the Underserved and Next-Gen Workforce. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(4), 756-781.
Dash, G., Sharma, C., & Sharma, S. (2023). Sustainable marketing and the role of social media: an experimental study using natural language processing (NLP). Sustainability, 15(6), 5443.
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Gao, H., Kuang, L., Yin, Y., Guo, B., & Dou, K. (2020). Mining consuming behaviors with temporal evolution for personalized recommendation in mobile marketing apps. Mobile Networks and Applications, 25(4), 1233-1248.
Haque, M. R., Hossain, M. I., Ankhi, R. B., Nishan, A., & Twaha, U. (2023). Liquidity traps, digital currencies and inflation targeting: A comparative analysis of policy effectiveness in advanced and emerging economies. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 148–165. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i3.115
Ilyas, M., & Ilyas, R. (2024). The Role of Quantum Computing in Future Big Data Processing: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(1), 9-17.
Jain, R. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Marketing: Tools, Applications, and Future Trends. Designing Tomorrow: AI, Ethics, and Society’s Next Steps, 125.
Karami, A., Shemshaki, M., & Ghazanfar, M. (2024). Exploring the ethical implications of ai-powered personalization in digital marketing. Data Intelligence, In-Press.
Kashif, S. M., & Chowdhury, F. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Asset Management Systems: Trends, Technologies, and Future Directions. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(2), 1-9.
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Niazi, S. (2024). Big Data Analytics with Machine Learning: Challenges, Innovations, and Applications. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(1), 38-48.
Qayyum, J., Siddiqui, H. A., Al Prince, A., Ahmad, S., & Raza, M. (2025). Revolutionizing market insights through AI and data analytics: The next era of competitive intelligence. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(1), 3285-3302.
Rawat, A., Garg, C. P., & Sinha, P. (2024). Analysis of the key hydrogen fuel vehicles adoption barriers to reduce carbon emissions under net zero target in emerging market. Energy Policy, 184, 113847.
Rezvi, R. I., Rahman, K. O., Hasan, M. A., Nasrullah, F., Nusrat, N., Jishan, S. S., & Ahmed, S. (2025). How Digital Marketing Affiliates the Digital Stores: A Deep Dive into Shopify, Amazon, Walmart, and Other E-Commerce Giants. Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies, 7(2), 95-101.
Rowshon, M., Mosaddeque, A., Ahmed, T., & Twaha, U. (2025). Exploring the Impact of Generative AI and Virtual Reality on Mental Health: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications for Well-being. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2022.3.1.784-796
Sadia, B. U. T. T. (2020). Service quality assessment and student satisfaction in business schools: Mediating role of perceived value. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 9(1), 58-76.
Shaheen, A. (2023). Cybersecurity in the Modern Era: An Overview of Recent Trends. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 1(1), 39-50.
Shaheen, A. (2024). The Internet of Things (IoT): A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(1), 1-8.
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Twaha, U., Mosaddeque, A., & Rowshon, M. (2025). Accounting Implications of Using AI to Enhance Incentives for Wireless Energy Transmission in Smart Cities. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2025.6.2.1208-1218
Ullah, A., & Khan, S. D. (2024). Impact of sound decision-making on small and medium businesses in Pakistan. International Journal of Asian Business and Management, 3(2), 177-192.Arshad, N., Baber, M. U., & Ullah, A. (2024). Assessing the transformative influence of ChatGPT on research practices among scholars in Pakistan. Mesopotamian Journal of Big Data, 2024, 1-10.
Yang, M., Guo, J., Zhu, L., Zhu, H., Song, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, T. (2024). Fairness evaluation of marketing algorithms: a framework for equity distribution. Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 3(3), 251-274.
Yawised, K., Apasrawirote, D., Chatrangsan, M., & Muneesawang, P. (2024). Turning digital technology to immersive marketing strategy: a strategic perspective on flexibility, agility and adaptability for businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 16(3), 742-766.
Zaki, A. M., Khodadadi, N., Hong Lim, W., & Towfek, S. K. (2024). Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning in Direct Marketing for Anticipating Bank Term Deposit Subscriptions. American Journal of Business & Operations Research, 11(1)
Fiscal Policy and Public Debt: Evidence from Pakistan
Full text linkThis study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the dynamic relationship between fiscal policy and public debt sustainability in Pakistan from 1990 to 2023. It investigates the long- and short-run impacts of government expenditure, taxation, and fiscal deficits on the nation\u27s escalating debt burden. Employing a quantitative research design and advanced econometric techniques, including the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research utilizes robust time-series data from the State Bank of Pakistan, World Bank, and IMF. The findings reveal that persistent fiscal deficits are the primary driver of public debt accumulation, exhibiting a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, while tax revenue enhancements demonstrate a limited stabilizing effect in the short run, their role in ensuring long-term debt sustainability is critical. The analysis identifies a structural imbalance, with recurrent government expenditure, particularly on debt-servicing and non-developmental sectors, crowding out productive investment and exacerbating fiscal fragility. The study concludes that Pakistan\u27s fiscal policy has historically prioritized short-term political and economic objectives, inadvertently fuelling a debt-deficit spiral and compromising long-term macroeconomic stability. Consequently, the research strongly advocates for deep-rooted structural reforms, including a significant broadening of the tax base, strategic rationalization of public spending towards development projects, and the institutionalization of fiscal discipline through enhanced governance and transparency. These measures are imperative to break the cycle of indebtedness and secure a trajectory of sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
References
Ahmad, M. H., & Abbas, Q. (2022). Fiscal deficit and public debt sustainability in Pakistan: Evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach. Economic Change and Restructuring, 55(3), 1473–1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-021-09371-0
Ahmed, F., & Khan, M. A. (2021). Fiscal policy, debt dynamics, and economic growth: Evidence from developing economies. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(6), 1125–1142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2020-0074
Ahmed, S., & Malik, R. (2020). Revenue mobilization and debt sustainability: A comparative analysis of South Asian economies. South Asian Journal of Economic Policy, 5(2), 75–92.
Ali, M., & Khan, T. (2019). Fiscal sustainability and the debt-growth nexus: Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Review, 42(1), 55–70.
Anwar, H., & Qasim, A. (2020). External borrowing and fiscal sustainability in Pakistan: New insights from ARDL modeling. International Journal of Development Studies, 15(3), 145–160.
Anwar, S., & Shah, F. (2021). Economic growth and debt sustainability: Evidence from Asian emerging economies. Asian Economic Review, 63(2), 215–233.
Arsh, S., Sarwar, J., & Iftikhar, S. (2021). An empirical analysis of short run and long run association between debt servicing and external debt in Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics.
Baig, D., Qamri, G. M., Hassan, A., Khan, Q. R., & Akbar, A. (2024). Presence of Debt Overhung Effect in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence with ARDL Model. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 1911.
Butt, H., & Awan, K. (2021). The role of external debt in shaping fiscal vulnerabilities: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of International Finance, 29(4), 390–406.
Butt, S., & Hassan, A. (2020). Tax system inefficiencies and fiscal vulnerability: The case of Pakistan. Review of Public Finance, 12(2), 101–118.
Farooq, I., Akram, M., Khan, C., & Shah, S. R. A. (2022). Disaggregated Components of Public Debt and Economic Growth of Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v8i3.1975
Farooq, N., & Akram, S. (2019). Fiscal deficits and debt accumulation in Pakistan: A time series perspective. Pakistan Development Journal, 58(4), 321–339.
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Javed, S., & Karim, A. (2019). Taxation, compliance, and fiscal vulnerability in developing countries: Insights from Pakistan. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 567–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1440735
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The Challenges of Teaching English in Tribal Areas of India
Full text linkThis report makes an effort to raise concerns about the state of English instruction in India\u27s rural and tribal institutions of higher education. Most rural schools and universities portray a deeply concerning image when it comes to the quality of English language instruction offered to their students. Important issues for effective English language instruction include teachers\u27 own language skills, as well as their access to relevant information. The fact for students in rural areas is that they have it rough. They lack access to resources like language labs, audio-visual equipment, and the like, which are available to their metropolitan counterparts. Those living in rural areas tend to view the English language more as a subject than a language. It\u27s one of their biggest challenges. The vast majority of students can only read English when it comes to exams. Actually, many students in rural areas have a fear of the English language, and many professors lack a linguistic perspective on their students\u27 lives. Teachers are responsible for imparting linguistic skills to their students. Grammatical rules should be taught only after the language has been mastered. A language is more than a set of words that can be found in a dictionary. It also includes the norms and structures that link the many words we use. Humans use language to communicate. Language expresses thoughts, feelings, and emotions. This paper discusses the issues rural and tribal English teachers face.
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Comparative Analysis of Authoritative and Democratic Leadership Styles and Their Impact on School Management Effectiveness
Full text linkThis review conducts a broad comparative analysis of authoritative and democratic leadership styles, drawing on extensive empirical research, to evaluate their respective impacts on school management effectiveness. The findings consistently reveal that democratic leadership, described in terms of joint decision-making, teacher empowerment, and cooperative processes, is strongly correlated with enhanced teacher performance, positive and stable school climates, and higher instructional quality. This leadership style enhances intrinsic motivation and professional ownership, both of which are crucial to the long-term sustainability of schools. By contrast, the authoritative model, in the form of hierarchical dominance and centralized control, appears most effective in specific contexts, such as extreme crises or coordinating large-scale infrastructure programs where speed and compliance are paramount. The contemporary educational context, heavily influenced by the complexity of the post-COVID-19 environment and the rapidly accelerating global trend towards decentralized governance, necessitates a new leadership model. This model requires adaptive leaders capable of combining effective, decisive authoritative action with deep democratic collaboration. This paper critically examines these distinct styles, offering a systematic evaluation of their effects on key areas of the management domain: instructional leadership, staff motivation and professional development, stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution, and crisis management. It also examines critical contextual mediators such as socio-cultural norms, national policy arrangements, and specific school characteristics that significantly influence leadership effectiveness. By combining seminal leadership theories with emerging governance challenges, this review contends that hybrid and shared leadership models represent the most promising solution. The paper concludes with important policy implications and practical suggestions for restructuring leadership development programs to cultivate the differential competencies required for effective 21st-century school administration.
References
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Talent Development as a Tool to Achieve Competitive Advantage through Organizational Culture: A Moderation and Mediated Model to Prove the Relation
Full text linkThe principal motivation behind this investigation was to examine the strategic impact of talent development in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage for higher educational institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. The study also aimed to assess the mediating influence of interpersonal and organizational constraints, along with organizational culture as a key moderating variable, in the relationship between talent development and institutional competitiveness. Data was collected through comprehensive surveys from a sample of 300 teaching and non-teaching staff across prestigious private universities in Karachi. Robust analytical techniques, including Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) via Smart PLS, were employed to validate the research framework and test the hypotheses.
The findings revealed that competitive advantage was strongly linked to talent development initiatives and further amplified by a positive organizational culture. Additionally, the study identified intrapersonal drivers (such as motivation, skill enhancement) and external organizational factors (including leadership support, resource allocation) as critical mediators, reinforcing the connection between talent development and institutional success. These insights emphasize the need for targeted HR policies, continuous professional development, and a collaborative work environment to enhance competitiveness in Pakistan’s rapidly evolving higher education landscape.
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Whispers Beneath the Corridor: Unearthing the Forgotten Knowledge of CPEC (2016–2024)
Full text linkIn the heart of South Asia, a quiet revolution is unfolding, one inscribed not on the grime of highways but in the nooks of research, diplomacy, and unspoken aspirations. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a linchpin of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, is reshaping the region’s geopolitical landscape, trade routes, and connectivity far beyond its concrete highways and bustling ports. Yet, beneath the gleaming veneer of economic promises and infrastructural marvels, critical questions linger. What unseen costs and opportunities lie hidden in its wake? Who truly benefits, and at what ecological and social price?
This study delves into the scholarly exploration of CPEC through a bibliometric analysis of SCOPUS database of published research articles (2016–2024), uncovering a surge in academic interest, tripling by 2024, yet exposing glaring gaps. Why environmental risks, educational transformations, and innovation strategies are so scarcely studied? Behind the statistics, a puzzle emerges: Whose voices dominate this discourse, and whose remain unheard? Is the narrative shaped more by geopolitical interests than grassroots realities? Despite the growing literature, research remains fragmented, like scattered pieces of a mosaic awaiting assembly; each study a snapshot, but none capturing the full panorama. Our work bridges these fragments, tracing CPEC’s academic evolution, pinpointing omissions, and issuing a call to action. To scholars, policymakers, and global stakeholders: CPEC is not merely a corridor of commerce but a testbed for sustainable development and regional synergy. Beyond economics, it demands scrutiny of labor rights, cultural exchange, and climate resilience. This is no ordinary review, it is a compass for a world hungry for connection, urging a deeper dive into CPEC’s untapped potential. The revolution is quiet, but its echoes demand to be heard and will serves as a compass in a society that longs for relationships.
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Shah, M., & Khan, S. A. (2025). Analyzing the Socio-Economic Impact of CPEC on Balochistan: Opportunities, Challenges, and Controversies. The Journal of Research Review, 2(02), 237-251.
Shah, U., Sadozai, W. K., & Fayyaz, A. B. (2025). ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CPEC ON HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN BALOCHISTAN: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF GWADAR. Journal for Current Sign, 3(2), 480-495.
Shaikh, F., Ji, Q., & Fan, Y. (2016). Prospects of Pakistan–China energy and economic corridor. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59, 253-263.
Tayeh, F., & Ghanem, O. (2023). Decision-Making Support of Sustainable and Efficiency of Railway Project: Case Study China-Pakistan. International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, 15(1), 1-25.
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Ullah, S., Khan, U., Rahman, K. U., & Ullah, A. (2021). Problems and benefits of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for local people in Pakistan: a critical review. Asian Perspective, 45(4), 861-876.
Wasi, N. (2025). Beyond Infrastructure: Redefining Connectivity Discourse in South Asia. Pakistan Horizon, 78(1), 45-64.
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Quality Management in Education: Enhancing Student Outcomes through Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 21001 Frameworks
Full text linkThe pursuit of excellence in education has increasingly emphasized the need for systematic quality management frameworks. In this context, Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 21001 have emerged as pivotal approaches for educational institutions aiming to enhance student outcomes and institutional performance. This study investigates how these quality management systems are implemented in both developed and developing educational contexts, particularly in Pakistan, where resource constraints, infrastructural gaps, and cultural dynamics pose unique challenges. The mixed-methods design combines a systematic review of global best practices with primary data from Pakistani schools and universities, offering a dual perspective on policy-practice gaps. Drawing from a robust body of literature (137 peer-reviewed studies from 1991–2024) and supplemented by empirical findings (interviews with 16 administrators and 148 survey responses), the study examines the interplay between school culture and quality management practices, emphasizing the mediating role of leadership, stakeholder engagement, and organizational readiness. Notably, qualitative insights reveal that institutional resistance and misinterpretations of quality standards often undermine implementation efforts, necessitating targeted training programs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) reveals that school culture fully mediates the relationship between quality management and student outcomes (β = 0.41, p < .01), highlighting the importance of collaborative environments. Furthermore, comparative analysis shows that urban institutions adopt quality frameworks more effectively than semi-urban counterparts due to better access to resources and expertise. The results underscore the transformative potential of quality management practices when adapted to educational environments and aligned with institutional goals, while cautioning against bureaucratic implementations that neglect pedagogical realities. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, including the need for localized adaptation of international standards and sustained investment in capacity building.
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Khan, S., Alam, M., & Yousaf, A. (2023). Role of school culture in quality management and student outcomes in Pakistan. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1140971. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1140971
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Malik, M. S., & Chaudhry, M. A. (2022). How quality management practices lead innovation in higher education: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 12(3), 45–61. https://ijmres.pk/index.php/IJMRES/article/view/225
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Investigating the Underlying Causes and Consequences of Gender-Based Violence: Exploring Effective Intervention and Prevention Strategies in Higher Educational Institutes
Full text linkViolence directed toward someone based on their gender is referred to as being gender-based violence, and is often supported due to discrimination and power imbalances in society, as well as social norms. Physical, sexual, psychological and economic violence are only some of the forms of gender-based violence. This analysis aims to explore the varieties of GBV in closer perspective and address issues of the causes and effects of GBV. It also aims to discover feasible intervention and preventative methods that Bahawalpur\u27s higher education institutions can adopt in order to prevent gender-based violence from occurring. Gender violence or Gender-based Violence (GBV), violence is violence which is directed against a person on the basis of gender or sex. This violence can manifest in many different ways- including physical, sexual, mental, and financial abuse- and women and girls are disproportionately the primary victims. Research has shown that GBV is common and can take place in different cultural, economic, and geographic contexts. Its ramification is physical damage, mental affliction, financial difficulty and social alienation. Confronting GBV has necessitated at legal overhauls, education interventions, economic strengthening initiatives and the provision of care and support to survivors. A more holistic approach is required to combat GBV, including legal reform, educational programming, economic development programs, and services for survivors. Legal reforms are necessary to ensure perpetrators are brought to justice and victims to find justice. Education programs are a cornerstone to promoting gender equality and challenging harmful social norms and stereotypes. Economic empowerment programs are critical to enabling women and girls to become financially self-reliant and less at risk of violence. It is important to provide survivors of GBV with counselling, medical and other kind of support services so that they find ways to get over the trauma of the attack and put their lives back on track. In conclusion, GBV is an extremely serious human rights issue, affecting millions of people across the globe.
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Leadership Outcomes through the Lens of Workplace Spirituality and Character Development
Full text linkThis study examined leadership outcomes through the dual lens of workplace spirituality and character development, highlighting their combined role in enhancing leadership effectiveness. The primary aim was to explore how these constructs influenced leadership practices within organizational contexts. The introduction positioned spirituality and character as complementary frameworks for fostering values-driven leadership in increasingly complex environments. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured survey administered to 210 respondents across diverse organizational sectors. The measures included validated scales for workplace spirituality, character development, and leadership effectiveness. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modelling were conducted to test the relationships among variables. The results indicated strong positive correlations between workplace spirituality and leadership effectiveness, as well as between character development and leadership outcomes. Among the predictors, character development demonstrated the strongest effect, highlighting the importance of virtues such as integrity and accountability. Furthermore, the interaction of spirituality and character revealed a synergistic influence on leadership, underscoring the significance of integrating both dimensions into leadership development practices. The study concluded that leadership effectiveness is best cultivated when organizations promote both spiritual awareness and character-based competencies. Future research was recommended to employ longitudinal and cross-cultural approaches, offering deeper insights into the evolving dynamics of spirituality, character, and leadership in global contexts.
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Binu Raj, A., Ambreesh, P., Tripathi, N. N., & Ambreesh Kumar, A. (2023). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction among teachers: Influence of well-being and spiritual leadership. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(6/7), 1303–1322. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-2023-0110
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Elsetouhi, A., Hammad, A., & Nagm, A. (2021). Leadership, spirituality, and employee outcomes: The role of workplace spirituality in Egypt. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 18(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2020.1839747
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Gupta, M., & Kumar, V. (2020). Exploring the impact of workplace spirituality on job stress and satisfaction: A study of academic professionals. Journal of Human Values, 26(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685819893771
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Kinjerski, V. (2020). The spirit at work scale: Developing and validating a measure of individual spirituality at work. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 17(4), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2020.1724199
Latif, A., Ullah, R., Ahmed, I., Rehman, J. ur, & Khan, H. U. (2024). Workplace spirituality: A catalyst for job satisfaction? Exploring cultural and gender contingencies. Research Journal for Societal Issues, 6(3), 241–262. https://doi.org/10.56976/rjsi.v6i3.281
Syahir, A. N. A., Abidin, M. S. Z., Sa’ari, C. Z., & Rahman, M. Z. A. (2025). Workplace Spirituality and Its Impact on Employee Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review of Global Evidence. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-025-02350-2
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Resilient Supply Chains in the Post-Pandemic Era: Strategies for Risk Mitigation and Continuity
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic exposed unprecedented vulnerabilities in global supply chains, revealing fragilities in logistics, sourcing, workforce stability, and digital preparedness. This study investigates resilience strategies in the post-pandemic era, focusing on risk mitigation and continuity mechanisms that can sustain operations under systemic shocks. Drawing on insights from supply chain risk management theory, resilience theory, and the resource-based view (RBV), the research emphasizes how organizations can transition from reactive disruption responses toward proactive, long-term resilience planning. The methodology adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining survey data from supply chain professionals with secondary analysis of industry reports and academic studies. Findings demonstrated that short-term strategies, such as safety stocks and alternative suppliers, provided temporary relief, but long-term resilience required structural diversification, collaborative partnerships, and digital transformation. Technological enablers, including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and block-chain, were found to significantly improve visibility, predictive analytics, and trust across networks. Comparative analysis revealed that resilient supply chains balanced efficiency with adaptability, whereas fragile systems suffered prolonged recovery times. The study concludes that resilience must be embedded into supply chain design as a strategic priority, rather than a crisis-driven response. Recommendations include integrating digital technologies, enhancing multi-stakeholder collaboration, and strengthening human capital development. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts, sustainability synergies, and resilience strategies in developing economies to ensure inclusive and adaptive supply chain ecosystems.
References
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