International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM)
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AI-driven fraud detection: Models, architectures, governance, and future directions
Get PDFWith the exponential growth of digital transactions, organizations across banking, fintech, e-commerce, and telecommunications face increasingly sophisticated fraud attempts. Traditional fraud detection systems, primarily rule-based and manually configured, struggle to keep pace with evolving fraud patterns and exhibit high false-positive rates. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a transformative solution by enabling pattern recognition, anomaly detection, behavioral analytics, and real-time decisioning at scale. This paper provides a structured overview of AI-driven fraud detection models, their technical components, data pipelines, deployment architectures, and evaluation frameworks. It compares traditional rule-based approaches with supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid AI methods, and discusses practical challenges such as class imbalance, concept drift, data quality, and latency constraints in real-time payment environments. The paper also highlights explainability challenges, regulatory implications under frameworks such as GDPR and PSD2, and future innovations including federated learning, graph neural networks, and generative AI for adversarial testing and synthetic data generation. Experimental discussion and case-style examples from card-not-present, account takeover, and telecom subscription fraud scenarios illustrate how AI can significantly improve fraud detection accuracy and operational efficiency while emphasizing that careful governance, model monitoring, and responsible AI practices are essential for trustworthy deployment
A quantitative analysis of level of sustainability disclosure in corporate annualreports of Indian companies
Get PDFThe importance of corporate sustainability disclosure is growing because of social and environmental concerns. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in India have caused serious problems with the quality of air and water. This study examines the level of sustainability disclosure in the annual reports of Indian companies, focusing on environmental, social, and economic commitments in line with frameworks like GRI and BRSR-SEBI. The objective of the study was to examine the degree to which businesses in India publish information about their sustainability policies and efforts in their annual reports. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample the top 50 Indian companies covering the 2021–2022 fiscal year from 11 sectors. Descriptive and content data analysis techniques were employed using mean, median, and standard deviation. Findings revealed that the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the most widely adopted framework, followed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). Furthermore, almost all the companies practiced environmental disclosure, particularly greenhouse gas emissions and climate impact and energy usage. The study concluded that sustainability disclosure varies across different sectors and Indian corporations. The study recommended strengthening the adoption of standardized reporting frameworks like GRI, IIRC, and BRSR-SEBI through regulatory incentives or rules that emphasize their benefits. Furthermore, it was recommended that Indian companies should include external certifications and recognitions in their annual reports to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and enhance the credibility and transparency of their sustainability reporting
Differentiation and benchmarking as competitive strategies: An analysis of organisational performance of savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya
Get PDFSavings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) are essential in reducing poverty, wealth creation, and development. However, they have been faced with declining organizational performance characterized by low market share, inability to satisfy customers and low employee productivity. In the current study, the aim was to establish the effect of differentiation and benchmarking strategies on organizational performance of SACCOs in Nairobi City county, Kenya. The study was anchored on balanced scorecard model, diffusion of innovation theory, Porter\u27s and general theory of competitive strategies. The target population was forty-nine SACCOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya that were registered with Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority. The target respondents were one operations manager, one finance manager, one administration manager, and one human resource manager from each of the 49 Savings and credit cooperative Societies. A census was used, and primary data was collected using an open and closed ended questionnaire. The validity of research instrument was determined by experts and pilot study. Alpha Cronbach method was used to ascertain the reliability of research instrument and threshold was 0.7. Data was analysed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics especially mean, standard deviation and multiple regression with the aid of statistical package for social sciences. Tables were utilized to present the data. The researchers upheld research ethics. The results revealed that differentiation strategy had a negative and insignificant effect contrary to much established theory on organizational performance, while benchmarking strategy had a positive and significant effect. The study recommends that management of SACCOs should improve operational efficiency and competitiveness in the market. The study is meant to benefit policy makers, management of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies, Sacco Society Regulatory Authority, government, academicians and researchers. The findings are additional literature to existing body of knowledge
The impact of innovative practices on organizational management: The case of government hospitals in Northern Lebanon
Get PDFInnovation in hospital management is increasingly recognized as a key factor in improving organizational performance, efficiency, and staff satisfaction. In resource-constrained contexts such as Lebanon, the integration of innovative practices is particularly critical to ensure sustainable healthcare delivery. This study examines the impact of innovative practices on organizational management in five governmental hospitals in Northern Lebanon, with a focus on their influence on administrative efficiency, staff satisfaction, and the role of external institutional support. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with hospital directors and a questionnaire administered to 312 employees across medical, administrative, and technical staff. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and logistic regression, complemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results reveal that hospitals frequently introducing new methods and tools reported higher levels of employee satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. Logistic regression identified innovation and interdepartmental communication as the strongest predictors of satisfaction. Barriers included financial constraints, staff resistance, and insufficient training. While the Ministry of Health was perceived as providing meaningful support, the Ministry of Finance was seen as less effective due to delays in funding. Innovative practices are central to enhancing hospital management and employee engagement in Lebanon’s public health sector. Overcoming structural barriers requires continuous training, participatory management, and more reliable financial support. Strengthening collaboration between ministries and hospitals is essential to create a sustainable framework for innovation and improved healthcare delivery
Examining factors inhibiting solar systems adoption mediated by consumer confusion on green consumption in Bulawayo
Get PDFGreen marketing is a philosophy better understood and practised in developed economies. In developing countries, the concept is not fully understood and faces significant challenges that hinder its strategic implementation and the adoption of innovations by organisations and consumers. The study was motivated by the urge to examine the impact of the repressing factors encountered by solar systems consumers in Zimbabwe as they try to adopt green innovation. Similarity consumer confusion, and ambiguity are examined as mediating variables. A quantitative sample of 306 was drawn using random sampling of household numbers. A further sample of 12 was used for the qualitative survey. The explanatory sequential mixed methods design was applied. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling - SmartPLS, while qualitative data were processed using the reflexive thematic approach in NVivo version 12. The study established that the exorbitant cost of solar systems in Zimbabwe was one of the significant repressing factors. Additionally, greenwashing and green myopia were found to have a profound negative impact on the green marketing philosophy as they are proven antecedents of consumer confusion militating against the adoption of solar systems. The study recommended the facilitation of local production of solar systems and the introduction of subsidies on high-quality solar systems to ease the burden on consumers
Impact of online customer reviews on purchasing, repurchasing, and loyalty behaviours: A study on electronic products
Get PDFNowadays, customer reviews have a significant impact on customers\u27 purchase intentions. Customer reviews are a key factor influencing purchase decisions, as they provide transparent insights into products and services. As part of eWOM, online customer reviews are positive, negative and neutral, and these factors influence buying behaviour in different ways. Satisfied customers always write positive reviews about the product, these reviews can increase the number of customers, which can increase the profit of marketers and also increase brand loyalty. For this study, electronic products were chosen to understand how online customer reviews affect their buying behaviour, repeat purchases, and loyalty. This study employed a quantitative research approach to examine the impact of online customer reviews. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 402 respondents in Turkey, all of whom had purchased electronic products online in past years. The survey consisted of four sections, covering demographic characteristics, online customer reviews, purchase behaviour, repurchase behaviour, and customer loyalty. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess consumer attitudes. The questionnaire, originally in English, was translated into Turkish for accessibility. Findings show that online customer reviews significantly influence purchasing, repurchasing, and loyalty behaviour. Positive reviews build trust and drive sales, while negative reviews reduce purchases. Businesses should manage reviews effectively to enhance brand reputation and customer loyalty
Taxation and economic growth in Post-Soviet countries
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between taxation and economic growth in seven post-Soviet economies—Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, and Russia—over the period 1999–2023. Using panel data from the World Bank and applying the Long-Term Growth Model (LTGM) alongside an econometric regression framework, this research analyzes the impact of direct and indirect taxation, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross savings, institutional quality, and other key economic factors on GDP growth. The regression results reveal that direct taxes do not have a statistically significant effect on GDP growth, whereas indirect taxes on international trade (IndTx2) demonstrate a positive and statistically meaningful impact at the 5% level. FDI and gross savings emerge as the most significant drivers of economic growth, with both variables showing strong statistical importance at the 1% level. Institutional effectiveness, measured by economic management quality, exhibits a weakly significant positive association with GDP growth, suggesting that better governance may support economic improvements. Investment and population growth, however, do not display significant effects on GDP growth within the analyzed model. The overall explanatory power of the model is moderate, with an R-squared value of 0.256 and an adjusted R-squared of 0.184. These findings suggest that, for post-Soviet economies, indirect taxation, foreign direct investment, and savings play a crucial role in fostering economic growth, while direct taxation has a limited influence. Additionally, governance quality may contribute to improved economic outcomes. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers in structuring taxation policies that support sustainable economic development in transition economies
Impact of foreign direct investment on economic development in CIS countries
Get PDFThis study examines the factors influencing the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the CIS countries in the period from 2012 to 2021. The analysis focuses on macroeconomic variables affecting FDI such as: GDP growth, consumer price index (CPI), trade openness, political stability, ESG indicators and return on equity (ROE). This study uses FGLS regression, which shows that GDP growth, trade openness and consumer price index affect FDI inflows. GDP growth and trade openness positively correlate with FDI, unlike CPI. However, variables such as political stability, ESG indicators and return on equity were found to be statistically insignificant in this context. This study highlights the importance of economic growth and trade liberalization. Recommendations for further research to optimize FDI inflows are also discussed
Impact analysis of financial inclusion on profitability and stability of bank using rolling-window autoregressive lag modeling
Get PDFThis research examines the influence of financial inclusion on the profitability and stability of commercial banks using the bank observations of Japan from 2004–2018. The composite index of financial inclusion was created by utilizing principal component analysis after identifying the significant financial inclusion indicators. The bank performance or profitability variables namely return on equity (ROA), return on assets (ROE), net interest margin (NIM), and bank stability variable (z-score) are used in this analysis. Then, to analyze the long-run relationship existing between financial inclusion and bank’s performance and stability, this research used the rolling-window autoregressive distributed lag model (RARDLM) testing strategy of co-integration, a new technique. This approach can potentially assess the relationship between variables when details regarding the underlying variables are not known with certainty. Financial inclusion has a favorable influence on bank stability, according to the findings. Financial inclusion indicators such as the number of bank branches, deposit accounts, depositors, and borrowers have a considerable positive influence on bank performance, whilst the number of loan accounts and ATMs has no effect. The findings imply that banks should work to improve the efficiency of financial technology, which would boost financial inclusion while also enhancing bank profitability and stability
The effect of strategic inventory management on organizational performance: A mediating role of inventory management knowledge
Get PDFThe logistics industry in Oman plays a critical role in the nation’s Vision 2040 economic diversification agenda. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in this sector face persistent challenges in managing inventory effectively due to limited resources, poor adoption of technology, and inadequate inventory management knowledge. This study investigates the effect of Strategic Inventory Management (SIM) practices on Organizational Performance (OP) in the logistics sector of Oman, with a focus on the mediating role of Inventory Management Knowledge (IMK). Grounded in the Resource-Based View, data were collected from 357 logistics SMEs through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings show that SIM significantly enhances OP, with Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Material Requirement Planning (MRP) exerting the strongest impact. IMK was found to partially mediate the SIM and OP relationship, confirming their role as vital enablers in achieving sustainable performance. This research contributes to theory by extending RBV to logistics SMEs in an emerging economy and offers practical implications for managers and policymakers to strengthen technological and knowledge infrastructures in the logistics industry