International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM)
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Persistent budget deficits and sustainable external debt: Long-term impact on economic growth in Bangladesh
Get PDFDebt sustainability is a critical concern in achieving long-term macroeconomic stability, particularly for developing economies like Bangladesh. This study examines the interrelationship between budget deficits, external debt, and economic growth, utilizing annual data from 1980 to 2021. Employing correlation analysis, multiple regression, and principal component analysis, the study identifies a negative association between budget deficits and external debt. Moreover, while external debt exerts a negative influence on economic growth when considered in isolation, its impact becomes positive when combined with stable and supportive policy variables. These findings underscore the significance of comprehensive fiscal management and macroeconomic stability in leveraging external borrowing for growth. The results offer important policy insights: external debt, when guided by prudent and forward-looking strategies, can catalyze development rather than be a constraint. The study emphasizes the need for institutional capacity-building and efficient public investment to ensure debt sustainability in the face of rising repayment obligations
Managing copyright in the digital art industry: A cross-border licensing model for China and the EU
Get PDFThis paper explores the legal complexities surrounding copyright protection in the digital art industry, focusing on cross-border licensing agreements between China and the European Union (EU). The rise of online art platforms has enabled broader dissemination of artworks but has also raised concerns about unauthorized use. By analyzing intellectual property laws and case in both regions, this research proposes a licensing model tailored to the unique requirements of digital art exhibitions. The model emphasizes balancing artists’ rights with platform operations and offers a structured framework for online art licensing agreements. Through a comparative analysis of legal frameworks, the study highlights differences in enforcement strategies and provides practical guidelines for art licensing agreements in cross- jurisdictional contexts. This research contributes to intellectual property discussions and offers a tool for both artists and digital platforms to navigate legal challenges in the digital era
A bibliometric analysis of work-life balance policies on employee performance
Get PDFWork-Life Balance (WLB) Policies aim to balance employees\u27 work and family life is a growing concern in developing nations compared to developed economies. This paper aims to provide a clear view of current dynamics and research diversification of literature in the field of work-life balance (WBL) policies on employee performance by using bibliometric analysis. Scopus database has been used for carrying out the bibliometric analysis based on 100 research papers published from 2000 to 2023 to see the trends of publications. The prominence of research is evaluated by publication trend, publisher, country, universities/research institution, frequency of citation and different keywords related to work-life balance, policies, and employee performance. The number of publications continues to increase after the year 2008. The region of reviewed papers is Nigeria, Kenya, the USA, the Philippines, India, Spain, South Africa, Romania, Jordan, Australia, Netherlands, Sweden, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Canada, Pakistan, and Malaysia. The United States, Spain and Nigeria have the highest rate of research publications, and the USA, Kenya, Nigeria Spain Netherlands Sweden, Bangladesh, and Romania countries focused on variables work-life balance policies, flexible working arrangements, workplace support, employee performance, employee satisfaction, retention, and organizational performance. The most common term used in the research is work-life balance policies. The novelty of this research paper is on the subject of WLB policies on employee performance using varied bibliographic approaches. Future studies avenues and recommendations and the study\u27s limitations were also examined
Influence of organizational structure and training programs on the implementation of aeronautical information management system
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of two elements of the McKinsey 7S model on strategic practices (one hard element - organizational structure, and one soft element - staff training programs) on the implementation of Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) in the Kenyan Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA). The objectives of the study were to determine the influence of training programs and organizational structure on the successful implementation of AIM in KCAA. The study draws upon two theoretical frameworks to reinforce the variables under investigation: the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) and the McKinsey 7S model. TAM delves into technology acceptance, while the McKinsey 7S model provides a comprehensive lens for assessing the impact of strategy, structure, systems, staff, skills, style, and shared values on AIM implementation. The target population for this study was 1,630 individuals directly involved in AIM implementation within KCAA. The sample size, determined based on Krejcie and Morgan\u27s table, comprised 310 respondents who were selected using a clustered random sampling technique. The study utilized an explanatory research design. Bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore relationships and gain insights into the study variables. The results revealed significant positive effects of organizational structure and training programs on AIM success. This interpretation sheds light on the nuanced dynamics that contribute to the successful implementation of AIM within the Kenyan Civil Aviation Authority. The study concludes that investing in comprehensive training and optimizing organizational structures significantly enhances AIM implementation. The findings affirm the positive impact of training programs and organizational structure on AIM success, emphasizing their intrinsic connection. The study recommends that aeronautical organizations prioritize comprehensive training and the optimization of organizational structures
Accounting for sustainability in banking: Role of IFRS and macroeconomic determinants in ESG performance
Get PDFThis research study explores the connection between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption and the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance of banks by conducting a panel data study spanning 117 banks and 26 countries from 2009 to 2023. In doing so, the central hypothesis determines whether IFRS adoption, given its principles-based approach and commitment to transparency, offers an implicit improvement in non-financial performance possibilities, specifically in ESG scores. A Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors is chosen to handle data autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The analysis includes accounting standards (IFRS vs. local generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)), bank size, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth, inflation, regulatory quality and unemployment as key independent variables. The findings demonstrate a positive statistical relationship between IFRS adoption and ESG scores which supports the idea that strong financial reporting standards promote better sustainability disclosure. The analysis reveals that bank size demonstrates a powerful positive relationship with ESG performance. The financial performance indicators ROA and ROE fail to show any connection to ESG scores in this particular study. The research reveals that higher regulatory quality produces negative ESG performance while higher unemployment rates lead to decreased ESG scores. The research adds to the expanding dialogue about financial and non-financial reporting standards while demonstrating that IFRS adoption improves transparency in both financial statements and sustainability practices. The research findings provide important practical value for policymakers and investors and corporate decision-makers who need to link financial regulation with sustainable banking practices
Effects of recent legislation on real estate commissions and marketing strategies
Get PDFThis article addresses two interrelated areas of contemporary real estate research: emerging industry trends and the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI). The first component analyzes commission structures, marketing, and lead generation strategies, as well as the National Association of Realtors (NAR) lawsuits and settlements. While commissions remain steady overall, pressures are most evident in high-value transactions. Marketing innovations emphasize immersive digital tools and multi-channel outreach, while policy changes reshape how the disclosure and negotiation of broker compensation. This article synthesizes recent commentary and evidence on U.S. residential real estate commissions, the NAR\u27s settlement rule changes, and current seller-lead and marketing tactics. The second component examines how AI is reshaping these same dynamics. AI tools are improving lead generation, enhancing property marketing, and enabling predictive pricing, while also introducing new compliance and fair housing challenges. As NAR settlement rules mandate written buyer-broker agreements and off-MLS compensation disclosures, AI provides opportunities to automate documentation and establish audit trails. At the same time, risks such as algorithmic bias, misleading marketing, and regulatory oversight highlight the need for ethical frameworks. Together, these projects provide a roadmap for agents, brokers, and consumers navigating both structural industry shifts and the technological transformation underway
Impact of mobile financial services on financial inclusion in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of mobile financial services (MFS) on the financial inclusion and economic growth experienced in Bangladesh. This paper examines the impact that MFS systems, including bKash, Rocket, amongst others, have in terms of increasing the ease of financial access, volume of transactions, and participation of economic activity following their increasing adoption. Incorporating a structured questionnaire and an online survey of 400 respondents, quantitative research methodology used by the research evaluates the way in which MFS can increase the access to financial resources as well as improve the GDP. The findings indicate that extensive adoption of MFS significantly enhances financial inclusion, and also improves the economies within the locals, particularly remittances and person-to-person payments. The use and adoption of MFS were also found to be dependent on factors of demography such as gender, age, income, and education. Regression research has found that adoption of MFS and GDP growth have positive correlation with each other showing that MFS is a driving force in the development of Bangladesh. Despite the impressive achievements, there are still some access problems in rural regions, and there exist gender differences. The report presents several proposals about enhancing digital literacy and expanding MFS infrastructure so that more people can be financially included and have a more active part in the economy
Fundamentals of VBM methodology in company valuation: Linking EVA/CFROI/ROIC with audit analytical procedures and impairment tests
Get PDFThis paper develops a conceptual framework that links Value-Based Management (VBM) metrics to audit analytical procedures and impairment testing. The relevance lies in the growing share of intangible assets (code, user cohorts, network effects), for which traditional audit techniques are insufficient to assess the persistence of growth and the actual returns on capital. The contribution and novelty are a synthesis of EVA, CFROI, and ROIC as an integrated audit coordinate system, paired with procedural guidance for impairment testing and reasonableness checks under high volatility. The framework clarifies how VBM metrics can be embedded in standardized audit steps to make value assessments more transparent and comparable
Transparent procurement practices and performance of medical supply chain in Kenya
Get PDFThe performance of medical supply chain is vital in ensuring timely and cost-effective delivery of healthcare products, directly impacting patient outcomes and the efficiency of health systems. This study investigates the effect of transparent procurement practices on the performance of medical supply chain in Kenya, with a focus on addressing the pervasive corruption and inefficiencies documented in the sector. A descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing both primary and secondary data collected through questionnaires administered to 100 supply chain management officers within 13 Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies (SAGAs) under the Ministry of Health. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between transparent procurement practices and medical supply chain performance, with transparency accounting for 48.6% of the variance in performance (R2 = 0.486, p < 0.05). Transparent procurement was found to mitigate stockouts, reduce procurement delays, and enhance accountability in resource allocation. These results underscore the importance of institutionalizing transparency measures in public procurement to enhance the efficiency and integrity of Kenya’s healthcare supply chain. The study recommends the adoption of an end-to-end digital procurement systems, training of procurement personnel, and stricter enforcement of public procurement laws and regulations to combat corruption and inefficiencies. These efforts will improve healthcare service delivery and contribute to public health resilience, especially in crisis situations. The findings provide valuable insights for policy and practice, emphasizing the need for transparency in public procurement systems
Exploring factors influencing service quality of online travel agencies: A politeness perspective
Get PDFAs the internet becomes more widespread, competition among online travel platforms has intensified. To succeed, platforms must understand how to attract and retain customers. This study, based on the theory of e-commerce politeness, employs the critical incident technique to collect customer feedback regarding politeness on online travel platforms, identifying key factors in both satisfactory and unsatisfactory user experiences. This study collected a total of 76 valid questionnaires, with 76 instances of satisfaction and 76 instances of dissatisfaction. Satisfactory incidents fall into categories such as discounts and promotions, precise push notifications, ticket purchasing channels, system functionality, and customer service quality. Unsatisfactory incidents include price stability, refund and exchange policies, advertising frequency, review mechanisms, system functionality, and customer service quality. The study confirms that these critical incidents significantly impact the service quality of online travel platforms. Finally, practical recommendations are proposed based on these findings, aiming to offer valuable insights for the development of online travel platforms and to enrich theoretical research on consumer behavior. The study presents a novel and timely exploration of e-commerce politeness in the context of online travel agencies (OTAs), filling a gap in existing research