Journal of Advance Research in Business, Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544)
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Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria
Get PDFThe non-compliance by firms on sustainable development gave rise to climate degradation and ozone layer depletion. The resultant consequences include pollution, habitat loss, and overexploitation of species and the spread of invasive genes. Yet, very few empirical studies have examined the effects of these on corporate performance. In view of this scenario, this study assesses the effects of sustainability reporting on the financial performance of 26 listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The correlational research design was adopted for the study, and secondary data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of the firms for a period of 10 years (2009-2018). Multiple regression techniques used to analyse the data and diagnostic checks and post estimation tests were carried out on the data. The results show that social performance has a significant positive effect on financial performance. Similarly, results show that environmental performance has a significant positive effect on financial performance. However, results show that economic performance has a significant negative effect on financial performance. The study concludes that sustainability reporting is important to corporate financial performance. The study, among others, recommends that management should disclose more social and environmental performance activities and less economic performance activities
The Project Planning and Implementation in Rwanda National Union of Deaf Project Kicukiro District
No full textA number of donor funded project fail during implementation stage due to poor planning. This study objective was to assess the impact of project planning on implementation in Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project. Specific objectives of the study included: to determine ways in which project planning impacts on successful implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District; to establish how project implementation processes are accomplished in the Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District; and to determine the impact of project planning on project implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District. The researcher used descriptive research design for data analysis. The researcher used a simple random sampling to select 112 respondents including 16 respondents who included project donors and employees, who were given questionnaires to provide quantitative data. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis models with help of SPSS version 21.0 were used to analyse the collected data from the field. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between project planning and implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District, Rwanda. For instance, the positive and significant relationship between project scope planning and team development (r=.821 and p=.000), between project scope planning and task assignment (r=.787 and p=.000), between project scope planning and plan execution (r=.848 and p=.000) between project resource planning and team development (r=.834 and p=.000) between project resource planning and task assignment (r=.772 and p=.000) between project resource planning and plan execution (r=.858 and p=.000) For the findings, the study recommend project employees should be equipped with more planning skills to enhance the process of project planning by including the project beneficiaries, The researcher would also like to recommend to project beneficiaries to be part and parcel of project planning and implementation process of RNUD Project to enhance its performance and ensure full participation of stakeholder to enhance productive implementation process of project and beneficiary satisfaction
Liquidity Management Requirement and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda: A Case of Bank of Kigali
Get PDFliquidity demands from depositors and borrowers of credit are not too correlated, an intermediary reduces its cash buffer by serving both customers. The study looked at effects of liquidity management requirement on commercial banks\u27 financial performance in Rwanda a case of the bank of Kigali. The study specifically focused on: effect of credit risk, capital requirement, as well as liquidity requirement on banks\u27 financial performance in Rwanda from 2016 to 2020. This research will help the learner get her master’s degree in finance as it is the requirement to get this degree; not only this but also by going through the literature review, the empirical review, and all steps of the research process, the researcher research skills will be high and empowered for the future field research. The study also provided different recommendations of the strategies that will be necessary and essential to be implemented in banks to achieve their financial performance. The 110 sizes were chosen through systematic random sampling and stratified sampling method from the population, and the data was gathered from respondents through questionnaires; documentary analysis was also used. Data were tabulated, coded, analyzed, and interpreted using SPSS (Version 22.0). The research revealed that at bank of Kigali, use of prudential loan management strategies has a significant positive association with the performance of a bank of Kigali as it is being indicated by the views of liquidity management requirement relates positively with financial performance of bank of Kigali and the relationship is significant since (?=0.225, p<0.5; p=0.000).from multiple regression analysis. The research concluded that loan management strategies greatly influences financial performance as justified by the high mean and homogeneity standard deviation of the variables and positive P-Values obtained from multiple regression analysis
The Impact of Using Artificial Intelligence in the Audit Process to Enhance the Transparency of Financial Reports and its Reflection on the Reputation of the External Auditor
Get PDF Purpose – The papers. This research aims to identify the concept of artificial intelligence, demonstrate the impact of artificial intelligence in improving the external auditor’s skills, and demonstrate the extent to which the external auditor can use artificial intelligence.
Design/methodology/approach: A review of previous research was conducted to determine and discuss what these researchers have found and the results they have reached. Artificial intelligence and some of its applications were studied to demonstrate its impact on the reputation of the auditor.
Findings – The use of modern technologies in the audit process in a way that is reflected in the transparency of financial reports, because this development may affect the reputation of audit offices, as the use of artificial intelligence in major audit companies in auditing companies’ data that is automated electronically may replace the external auditor in a way that threatens the future of auditors.
Originality/value: The value of the paper lies in that it studies the problems of using artificial intelligence in the audit process in a way that reflects transparency in financial reports. Explaining the impact on the auditor’s reputation, this paper provides a general overview of the lack of significanc
Internal Control Components and Fraud Prevention in Public Institutions in Rwanda: A Case of Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA)
Get PDFPublic institutions in Rwanda face problems while preventing fraudulent activities due inefficient internal control systems in terms of control environment such as reliability and moral standards, the ability of staff, administration’s viewpoint, working styles and allocation of resources and tasks; control activities and monitoring activities. Due to persistence of fraudulent activities and inefficient internal control of RRA has only managed to recover only 13% of over 3.4 billion defrauded by companies due to poor setting of EBM. Hence, this study aims at investigating the contribution of internal control on fraud prevention in public institutions in Rwanda with specific consideration of RRA. The research design of this study was descriptive research design whereby the target population of this study comprised all 1412 employees of RRA. Researcher used sample size of 93 respondents who were determined using Yamane method and stratified sampling techniques. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from the field. Data analysis was done using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics; derived with the help of SPSS 21.0 versions. The results of the study have revealed that overall mean of 1.966 implied that control environment helps in prevention of fraud in RRA to a very great extent. The overall mean of 4.445 tending to strongly disagree which imply that the employees of RRA strongly disagreed that they met control environment related challenges while preventing fraud in RRA. The overall mean of 1.310 implied that control environment practices enhance fraud prevention in RRA. The overall mean of 1.347 implied that control activities play a significant role in prevention of fraud in RRA. The overall mean of 4.404 implied that employees of RRA strongly disagreed that management issues need serious control activities in fraud prevention. The overall mean of 2.104 implies that monitoring activities affect fraud prevention to a great extent in RRA. The results of the study have revealed that there is a relationship between internal control and fraud prevention because the calculated significance level between the indicators has significance level which is lesser than 0.01 and positive Pearson correlation. For instance there is a positive correlation between control environment and Fraud awareness (p=.792 and sig=.000), between monitoring activities and fraud risk assessment (p=.878 and sig=.000), between fraud risk assessment and control environment (p=.867 and sig=.000), and between control activities and Fraud awareness (p=.735 and sig=.000). Basing on the findings of the study, the researcher would like to recommend the government to ensure that RRA has all the necessary tools to detect and prevent fraud before happening because it ruins the economy of the country. Rwanda revenue authority should create positive workplace environment by allowing employees to provide input in the development and updating of the code of conduct to foster loyalty and feelings of ownership. The taxpayers should be taught how to comply with rules and regulations concerning tax, demanding EBM invoices on purchases and issuing EMB invoices on sales in order to avoid fraudulent activities. In conclusion, the internal control system components have a positive and significant impact on fraud prevention in RRA
Fund Allocation Strategies and Project Sustainability: A Case of Vision City Project in Kigali City
Get PDFThe intention of this research is to examine the contribution of fund allocation strategies and sustainability of Vision City Project in Kigali. This research project is guided by three specific objectives such as to determine the impact of participatory planning on the sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali, to analyze the role of rate of return on the sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali, to establish the relationship between fund allocation strategies and sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali. This study is significant to policy makers in terms of formulating policies that favor sustainability of the project. The study is also significant to the future researchers in terms of using it as point of reference in regard to fund allocation strategies and project sustainability. The descriptive research design was applied in this study with a target population of 120 employees of the project, the same number were considered for sample size because it is reasonable and the sampling technique applied here is census sampling techniques, questionnaire and interview guides helped to gatherer the collected data which was coded, analyzed, interpreted in relation to the study objectives. The results have indicate a significant positive correlation between participatory planning and rate of returns (p=.646 and sig=.003), between project ownership and stakeholder satisfaction (p=742 and sig=.000), and rate of returns and stakeholder satisfaction (p=.536 and sig=.000). Hence, the results confirm a significant positive relationship between project sustainability of vision city in Rwanda. The results have also revealed that R coefficient .815 shows fund allocation strategies has a positive relationship with project ownership. The coefficient of determination .665 R square also shows that fund allocation strategies explains 66.5% of the variability in project ownership. Hence, this implies that the predictors such as constant, consultative project design, participatory planning and rate of returns affect the progress of project ownership by 66.5% in Vision City Project. In conclusion, since the results of the study have proved that there is a positive significant relationship between fund allocation strategies and project sustainability. Thus, the researcher also recommends to the government to continue encourage the private sector, investors and big business owners to allocate their fund in promoting project which can be sustainable and benefit the general public. The researcher cannot forget to recommend seminars, study tours and workshops to private sector federation to promote skills and knowledge on the allocation of funds to make sure sustainability of both private sector and government.  
Coronavirus Components and Execution Phase of Higher Education and Institutional Advancement Project in Rwanda: A Case of Ur-Sweden Programme for Research, Higher Education, and Institutional Advancement
Get PDFProject execution is a phase in which resources get allocated to deliver outcomes expected by stakeholders, while bringing to reality the vision of the project. Many projects often fail during execution phase due to failure to meet beneficiaries’ needs, due to different knowns or unknowns. Coronavirus is one of the unknowns that might have affected projects’ execution phase in one way or another. So, the main intention of this study is to determine the effect of coronavirus components on project execution phase: a case study of UR-Sweden programme for research, higher education, and institutional advancement. In this research, a census has been employed to collect quantitative data from respondents by use of Likert scale questionnaires. From 41 questionnaires distributed only 37 respondents filled them, representing a 90.2% response rate. To analyze the quantitative data, a descriptive and inferential research design were done using SPSS version 20.0. From the findings, there is a negative correlation of -0.384 between lockdown and project execution phase, a negative correlation between physical distancing and project execution phase of -0.329, and a negative correlation between curfew and project execution phase of -0.301. From the multiple regression analysis, it was found that: a change in lockdown by one unit leads to 0.366 decrease in the project execution phase, a change in curfew by one unit leads to a 0.130 decrease in the project execution phase, and a unit change in physical distancing leads to a 0.489 decrease in the project execution phase. In addition, from the hypothesis testing done at a significance level of 5%, it is clear that the relationship between lockdown and project execution phase is statistically significant, as well as the relationship between physical distancing and project execution phase. However, the relationship between curfew and project execution phase is not statistically significant.
 
Civility Practices in Workplace and Marketing Outcomes in Financial Institutions: A Case of I&M Bank Rwanda Ltd
Get PDFCivility practices in the workplace are very crucial if the organization wants to increase its marketing outcomes mainly in financial institutions. In this regard, the researcher sought to conduct research in regard to the impact of civility practices in the workplace on the marketing outcomes with a case of I & M Bank Ltd in Nyarugenge District. Three specific objectives have guided this study; namely to assess the nature of civility practices in the marketing department of I & M Bank Rwanda Ltd, to evaluate the performance of the marketing team in I & M Bank Rwanda Ltd in relation to civility; and assess the relationship between civility practices at workplace and marketing outcomes at I & M Bank Rwanda Ltd. The research was guided by confusion theory, marketing theory and neoclassical theory. The target population of this study is 126 employees. This study used descriptive research design with 126 respondents through use of census as the method of sampling. The interview guide, questionnaire and observational method were used during data collection. To test the validity and reliability of research tools, a pilot study of 14 respondents was done before actual period of data collection and it proved validity of 0.86 which is above 0.7 of content validity index; data analysis was done with the help of SPSS Version 21 while coding, editing and cleaning the data collected from the field by use of primary and secondary data sources. The results have demonstrated a remarkable positive and significant relationship between working relationship and moral interaction (r=0.899 and sig=0.00), between working relationship and mutual respect (r=0.943 and sig=0.00), between moral interaction and mutual respect (r=0.907 and sig=0.00), between customer retention and sales revenue (r=0.927 and sig=0.00), between customer retention and market share (r=0.901 and sig=0.00), between sales revenue and market share (r=0.914 and sig=0.00), between customer relation and working relationships (r=0.888 and sig=0.00), between sales revenue and working relations (r=0.911 and sig=0.00), between market share and working relationship (p=0.891 and sig=0.00), between moral interaction and market share (r=0.853 and sig=0.00) because all calculated p-values have a degree of significance which less than 0.01. Therefore, it implies that significant and positive relationship occurred between civility practices and the marketing outcomes in I & M Bank Rwanda Ltd. Based on the above findings, the researcher encouraged I & M Bank employees to always handle customers with kindness, courteous, respect and civil behavior to ensure the coexistence of civility and marketing outcomes that can only be enhanced by customer care provided to clients of I&M Bank Rwanda Lt
Risk Management Practices and Profitability of Microfinance Banks in Rwanda A Case of Urwego Bank
Get PDFFinancial institutions are major players in the economic development of a country by offering channels through which funds flow from one source to another. However, they are faced with numerous risks in their daily operations. The main goal behind the current research was to assess the effect of risk management practices on the profitability of microfinance banks in Rwanda, a case of Urwego Bank. Both descriptive and correlational research designs were used. Data was collected from the targeted population of 113 employees in Urwego Bank who were considered for the sampling using the census method. The data was collected using structured questionnaire and interview guide for key informants. The research instrument reliability test was done using Cronbach’s alpha test while the validity was achieved through revision of the questionnaire after a pre-test is conducted. The data that collected was analyzed using SPSS through which data was presented using frequency tables, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. The findings on risk assessment revealed that 77.8% of the respondents agreed that they can conduct risk identification. A total of 63.4% of the respondents agreed on the importance of risk classification. The regression analysis revealed that there is combined effect of risk measurement, risk identification and risk classification on the profitability of the bank giving an R2 of 0.418. On whether having control measures within a bank can greatly assist in effective risk management, 82.5% of the respondents agreed. 73% of the respondents agreed that risk mitigation strategies are effective ways of reducing the possibility of occurrence of risk and their impact in an organization. 74.1% of respondents showed that risk financing is important for the Bank in its management of risk. Further, regression analysis showed the model was fit at 5% and an R2=0.582 indicating that the changes in profitability of the Bank are influenced by risk control measures. The regression model regarding the risk monitoring was found to be significant and an showing that the profitability in Urwego Bank is influenced by risk monitoring processes. The overall regression model was significant and an R2=0.536 and showed that risk management practices should be practiced in totality to ensure that effective results are obtained. Therefore, the researcher recommended that policy makers and supervisors, including the central bank, should be more vigilant in promulgating the culture of risk management in the banks especially for microfinance banks which are few in the industry
Employee Turnover and Operational Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda
Get PDFEmployee turnover was the movement through which an organization hired and missed its employees. This might be voluntary, involuntary, internal transfer, and retirement turnover. The objective of this study was to analyse the employee turnover and operational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, a case of KCB Bank Rwanda located in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. The specific objectives were to analyse the effect of employee compensation on operational performance, to determine the impact of employee overscheduling on operational performance, and to find out the impact of employee favouritism on the operational performance of KCB Bank Rwanda. This quantitative research used the descriptive research survey design with questionnaire as research instrument where 80 questionnaires were distributed to 80 employees by using both physical and digital approaches forms due to situations of COVID-19. The data collection took six months and consisted of 15 Microsoft forms, 40 physical forms, and 25 emails responses. The data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 through which the census method was applied, and the descriptive method was used to make the conclusion and has been applied to determine the reliability and validity at 0.8%. This research contributed to the management of employee turnover to improve operational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. It indicated that KCB Bank Rwanda recognized a considerable rate of employee turnover at a percentage of 46.5% since its creation in 2008 year to December 2020 where the low number of recruited employees compared to the number of employees who exited. This was caused by factors including poor employee compensation, employee overscheduling and employee favouritism. The study discovered that the research objectives were major causes of employee turnover that affected the operational performance of KCB Bank Rwanda at a percentage of 13.8%. Data analysis showed that compensation affected the bank’s operations at a percentage of 73.8% (see table 4.9.), overscheduling at 50.1% (see table 4.7), and favouritism at 56.3% (see table 4.8). The study discovered that the most concern of KCB Bank Rwanda was not the relevance of number of employees who left but the quality of those employee and the targets they had set during the set and submission of the annual balanced scorecard, which affects the operational performance review. The research recommended that the management should review the compensation policy to match the operational performance, reduce favouritism by approaching marginal employees, and reduce overscheduling by re-examining the job descriptions and visiting employee’s office to discover added and non-corresponding duties that attracted the employee turnover in the KCB Bank Rwanda