Journal of Advance Research in Business, Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544)
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CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES OF FINANCING URBAN SERVICES
Full text linkThe development of the urban grounds has turned out to be a vital aspect of the overall growth and betterment of the financial service sector. Through the bridging of the gap between the living standards of the population in the urban periphery, the proposition of an economic equilibrium can be maintained. With the rise in the financial budget for urban services, future opportunities such as the growth of sustainable architecture, the decline in climate change, and the effective utilization of land-based finance can be achieved. However, issues related to the lack of innovative measures to decline the steep prices of sustainable buildings or the weak absorptive capacity of the cities. The study has focused on several shortcomings and the futuristic viewpoint of applying potential financial measures to urban service
AGENCY BANKING, MOBILE MONEY OPERATION AND BANK PERFORMANCE IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study will examine agency banking, mobile money operation and bank performance in Benue State. Three proxies of agency banking namely; point of sale, mobile telephone banking and automated teller machine card usage were examined to see their effects on the performance of deposit money banks in the study area. The study adopted survey design and used structured questionnaire for data collection. The population and sample of the study consist 1,350 management staff and registered mobile money agents in the study area. A purposive sampling was used to select the elements to be used for the study. The instrument of data collection was subjected to content and construct validity while the reliability of the instrument was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha statistics. Descriptive statistics was used analyze descriptive data while multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable of the study. The major finding from the study indicates that point of sales and mobile telephone banking have positive and significant effects on bank performance in the study area. It was recommended among others that deposit money banks need to improve in their operations to ensure a deeper penetration into the rural area. The study has contributed significantly to the ongoing debate of the role of agency banking on financial inclusion and bank performance in the study area
LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS COMPETITION IN RELATION TO THE MECHANISM OF PREVENTING BANKING INDUSTRY TENDER CONSULTATIONS IN INDONESIA
Full text linkEveryone wants a decent life for himself and those around him, and the state has the responsibility to provide for the welfare of its people, as stated in the 1945 Constitution.This study aims to examine the role of banking institutions in the welfare of society and support national development in Indonesia. In the 1945 Constitution, Article 33 has stipulated that economic development must achieve social justice for all people through a welfare approach and market mechanisms. The concept of economic democracy emphasizes the importance of the prosperity of society as a whole, and the principle of welfare is also recognized in Pancasila and social welfare laws. However, despite having a strategic role in the welfare of the people and supporting national development, the banking industry in Indonesia is often involved in law violations such as corruption. and collusion. These practices can hinder economic growth and equity at the national level. One example of a violation that often occurs is bid rigging in the banking industry, which harms the public interest and violates the principle of fair business competition. This research also highlights the importance of efforts to prevent and take action against these violating practices. These steps are important to ensure the continuity of fair business competition and to build public trust in the government and related institutions. In this context, this study presents an analysis of the efforts that have been made and recommendations for improving law enforcement and preventing corruption in the banking industry
EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTHUSIASM ON ATTITUDE TOWARDS TRAFFIC SAFETY AMONG TRICYCLE RIDERS IN RIVER STATE
Full text linkWithin entrepreneurship, motivation describes the psychological investment geared towards attaining a set business goal. Indeed, motivation is an essential component in the transportation business. Given the increasing disregard for traffic safety associated with the transportation business in Nigeria, research must explore the relevant variables that could correlate with the behavior of motorists toward traffic safety. Thus, the present study aims to examine entrepreneurial motivation as a factor that could account for the variation in attitudes toward traffic safety among tricycle drivers in the River State of Nigeria. One hundred and thirteen tricycle operators operating in different locations in the state were recruited for the study. The participants comprised males aged 20 to 45 years with about one year of driving experience. They completed a self-report measure of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS) and the entrepreneurial motivation questionnaire. The simple regression analysis conducted on the data revealed that entrepreneurial motivation statistically significantly predicted attitudes toward traffic safety. Thus, the study concluded that entrepreneurial motivation is an essential determinant of drivers\u27 attitudes toward traffic safety
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study examined globalization and poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria. Primary data from a sample of 372 respondents was used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Inferential was used to estimate the model of the study. The probability value of the estimates were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings from the study indicates that International trade in services (INTS) has a positive effect on poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria and the effect is not statistically significant (p>0.05) but in line with a priori expectation. This implies that a unit increase in international trade in services (INTS) will result to a corresponding increase in the poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria by a margin of 0.8%. Result of the specific objectives of the study indicates that International trade in goods (INTG) has a positive effect on poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria and the effect is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This implies that when international trade in goods (INTG) is increased by a unit, it will result to a corresponding increase in poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria by a margin of 63.8%. Findings for objective three shows that global value chains (GVLC) has a negative effect on poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria and the effect is not statistically significant (p>0.05) and not in line with a priori expectation. This implies that a unit increase in Global value chains (GVLC) will result to a corresponding decrease in the poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria by a margin of 13.2%. It was concluded that international trade in goods has a positive and significant effect on poverty reduction in North Central Nigeria. it was recommended among others that since the international trade in goods was shown to have a positive and significant effect on poverty reduction in the study area, the governments of these State must ensure that they leverage on the opportunities provided by globalization to help reduce the poverty in their region by engaging trading in foreign goods which they do not have comparative advantage in producing
THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkEntrepreneurship has become a widespread feature of the business environment throughout the years. It may favor national economies and is often regarded as one of the critical engines of economic growth and employment creation. Understanding the potential reasons for diversity in entrepreneurial development is thus critical for assisting the government and policymakers in adopting acceptable policies to support the creation and development of new businesses. In recent years, Nigeria\u27s volatile economic reality, characterized by financial crises, has impacted entrepreneurship development. Thus, this paper investigated the effect of inflation on entrepreneurial development among youths in Anambra State, Nigeria. A convenience sample of three hundred and twenty-two undergraduates pooled from five tertiary institutions in the southeast participated in the study. The study result indicates that the assumption that the inflation would significantly and positively predict entrepreneurial development in Anambra State was confirmed at ? = .169, p< .05. Thus, the R2 indicated that the increasing inflation in the country contributes about 23.8% variation in entrepreneurial development in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study has implications for the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria
WHEN BUMN SUBSIDIARIES BECOMES THE "ALTER EGO" OF THE STATE: ANALYSIS OF THE SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR LETTER NUMBER 10 OF 2020 (SEMA 10/2020) REGARDING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN "BUMN SUBSIDIARIES LOSS” AND “STATE LOSS”
Full text linkThere is a clear distinction between the legal character of the State and that of the Company. While the state’s purpose is to serve the public, a company is ultimately formed for the purpose of gaining Profit. The theories of legal entities and Corporate Law argue that the formation of a legal entity, especially a Limited Liability Company (PT) is intended to separate assets and liabilities between a Legal Entity (Company) and its Shareholders. If the shareholders (State) do not intend to segregate both assets and liabilities, the state does not need to establish a Company from the beginning. Since the issuance of Law 17/2003 on State Finances, the legal extent pertaining to state assets has become increasingly blurred, because Law 17/2003 states that "State assets that have been segregated remain within the scope of state finances". This regulation complicates the legal status of BUMN[1] assets. Furthermore, the wealth status of BUMN Subsidiaries (AP BUMN)[2] experiences the same issue. Hence, one question arises: are Segregated Assets (Paid up Capital Injection by BUMN) still considered assets of the state or are they fully owned by the Company? The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung/MA), as of 18 December 2020, issued SEMA[3] 10/2020. Therein, point 4 of the Summary of the Criminal Chamber outlines that "Losses arising from BUMN/BUMD subsidiaries whose capital is not sourced from the APBN/APBD or through capital injection by the BUMN/BUMD and does not receive/utilize state facilities, will not constitute a part of the State’s financial loss”. This adds to the uncertainty because, from a legal perspective, the Shareholder of an AP BUMN is the BUMN itself (and not the State), thus creating a legal correlation that extends to considering AP BUMN Loss as State Loss, and creates a legal uncertainty.
[1] BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara) is State Owned Enterprises (SOE)
[2] AP BUMN (Anak Perusahaan BUMN) is the SOE Subsidiary Company
[3] SEMA (Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung) is a Circular Letter (Administrative Policy) from Supreme Court to all courts in Indonesia
EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF NIGERIAN BANKS
Full text linkThis study investigated the effect of credit risk management on the profitability of Nigerian banks from 2006-2020. Three banks were sampled (First Bank Nig Plc (FBN), Zenith Bank Plc (ZBN) and First City Monument Bank Plc (FCMB)). The study specifically determined the effect of non-performing loan to total loan ratio (NPR), non-performing loan to total deposit ratio (NDR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), leverage ratio (LEV) and firm size (FSZ) on profitability of banks measured by Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE). The study utilized secondary data sourced from annual reports and accounts of the selected banks for the period of the research work. The study employed multiple regression of OLS (Ordinary Least Square) and estimation obtained from E-views version 9 to determine the statistical relationship between credit risk management and profitability of banks in Nigeria. The finding revealed a positive insignificant relationship between NLR and profitability of banks, CAR and FSZ showed a negative insignificant relationship with profitability, LEV revealed a positive significant relationship in only ROE of Zenith Bank and First City Monument Bank while NDR revealed a negative insignificant relationship in First Bank and Zenith Bank only. Based on the above findings, this study recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria, for policy purposes should frequently assess the lending habit of banks in Nigeri
THE ROLE OF CASH FLOW FORECASTING SKILLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN THE COSMETICS ECOSYSTEM
Full text linkThere are growing media reports suggesting that the cosmetics industry in Nigeria is experiencing rapid growth and provides a veritable opportunity for entrepreneurial development. On the other hand, cash flow forecasting has been implicated in the growth and decline of entrepreneurship. However, little is known about the cash flow forecasting knowledge of many small business enterprises in Nigeria. The present study examined the cash flow forecasting knowledge among cosmetics entrepreneurs in River state, Nigeria. One hundred and seventeen small business enterprises conveniently selected from River state participated in the study. A self-developed instrument was used as a measure. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The result was based on data from 41 (35%) retail businesses, 33 (28.2%) ICT operators, 16 (13.7%) small manufacturing firms, and 27 (23.1) engineering workshops in River state. Data were evaluated using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 23). A simple percentage formula was used to analyze the data to determine cash flow knowledge among the respondents. The result indicated that 78 respondents representing 66.7% of the total participants, scored high on cash flow knowledge, meaning they understand cash flow forecasting. The finding suggests that 39, representing 33.3% of the respondents, were not knowledgeable about cash flow forecasting. The result has implications for research and business analysis
SPECIFICATION ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL CREDIT RISK MODEL WITH STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY
Full text linkIn this research, we conduct specification analysis of structural credit risk models with stochastic volatility using term structure of Credit Default Swap (CDS) spreads and equity volatility form high-frequency return data. We also test five representatives of structural credit risk models using samples of 93 single name CDS contracts from January 2010 -2022. The model we consider are; the standard Merton(1974) model, the Black & Cox (1976) model with flat barrier, the Longstaff and Schwartz(1995)model with stochastic interest rates, the Collin- Dufresne and Goldstein (2001) model with stationary leverage, and the double exponential jump diffusion model used in Huang & Huang(2003). Our study provides consistent econometric estimation of the pricing model parameters and specification tests based on the joint behavior of time-series asset dynamics and cross-sectional pricing errors. Our empirical tests reject strongly the standard Merton (1974) model, the Black and Cox (1976) with flat barrier model, the Longstaff, Schwartz (1995) model with stochastic interest rates. The double exponential jump-diffusion barrier model used in (Huang and Huang, 2003) improves significantly over the five models. The best model is the stationary leverage model of Collin-Dufresne and Goldstein (2001), which we cannot reject at 0.5 level of significance in our sample firm. However, our empirical results document the inability of the existing structural models to capture the dynamic behavior of CDS spreads and equity volatility, especially for high investment grade names derivatives. These points to a potential role of time-varying asset volatility, a feature that is missing in the standard structural models