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LIGHTNING PROTECTIVE SYSTEM: SIZING OF INTERCEPTION, DOWN CONDUCTOR AND EARTHING NETWORKS ON NIGERIAN 11-132 KV SUBSTATIONS
Get PDFThis research focused on the lightning protective system (LPS) elements, most especially grounding using the elements of LPS as interceptor, down conductor and ground. Grounding is defined as a system of electrical fault save linkage to the earth and as a total set of measures used to connect an electrically conductive part to earth for equipment and life safety. The choice of Ikorodu town is informed by high voltage (HV) power transmission substations and heavy industries located in coastal area being affected by apparent isastrous lightning strike. The methodology used include collection of LPS network cross section sizes from 5 numbers of 33/11 kV distribution substations and one number of 132/33 kV Transmission substation in the study area. Also, the earthing resistance values of all the substations elements were collected. Physical measurements and existing design formula of previous work were used to evaluating the existing LPS network. Conductor size compliance ratio was also used for cross sectional area of down conductor, lightning electrode and air terminal adequacy
THERMAL PROCESSING METHODS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON NUTRIENTS AND ANTI-NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION OF FLAMBOYANT SEEDS DELONIX REGIA
Get PDFThe effect of different thermal processing methods on nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of Delonix regia (DR) seeds was investigated. The raw seeds were sorted to ensure homogeneity of product; raw samples were collected, crushed and tagged T1. At boiling point (100oC), another sample of the seeds was poured into tower aluminum pot containing 25litres of water; samples were taken after 40 minutes of boiling and tagged T2. The third sample (T3) was toasted using open pan for 40 minutes and crushed. Each sample of the treatments was replicated 3 times; the prepared samples were then taken for analyses. The results showed that cooking produced better (P<0.05) crude protein value of 35.49% while crude fibre was reduced significantly (P<0.05) compared to the raw; the concentration of lysine (0.39%) and tryptophan (0.73%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when toasted compared to the other treatment methods. Similarly, ash content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in raw (7.99%) and cooked (7.64%) compared to the toasted seeds. Cooking and toasting significantly (P<0.05) reduced acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose. Cooking also significantly (P<0.05) increased trypsin inhibitor activity, TIA (12.06 mg/100g) but reduced phytate (0.11 vs. 0.14 mg/100g) for T2 and T3, respectively. In view of the findings of this study, cooking and or toasting DR seeds can serve as an alternative protein source for most monogastric animals considering its rich nutrient composition
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE- BASED MONITORING AND CONTROL OF ROAD TRAFFIC IN IFAKO-IJAIYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS IN NIGERIA
Get PDFOver the years, traffic has always been a major problem in urban cities. Various traffic control methods have been in existence such as odd and even, traffic light deployment; however, these methods have not been effective. Accordingly, this research work considers the design of an efficient and effective traffic control system to ease the flow of vehicles in traffic congested areas in urban cities. Using the satellite based monitoring system, the Traffic Management Centre (TMC) has the ability to view the entire area thereby creating a means by which alternative routes to traffic congested areas can be determined as fast as possible. Results obtained have shown that the use of satellite based monitoring system for controlling road traffic is very reliable with up to about 95% confidence limit. Also, the study revealed that the collection of valid and valuable traffic information by means of satellite is feasible from a technical point of view, even in built-up areas. 
SCREENHOUSE EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES FORNITROGEN FIXATION AND MAIZE VARIETIES FOR NITROGENUPTAKE EFFICIENCY
Get PDFPhosphorus is important in the symbiotic association with the bacteria rhizobium, there by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Due to low availability of the fertility status of most savannah soils, the objectives of this research were therefore; to estimate biological nitrogen fixation by the groundnut genotypes under low and high phosphorus conditions and to determine the nitrogen uptake efficiency of some selected maize varieties. To achieve these objectives, a potted experiment was conducted in the screenhouse of the Department of Soil Science, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria. The treatments consisted of a combination of five genotypes of groundnut namely; (Samnut 10, Samnut 11, Samnut 21, Samnut 22 and Samnut 23) and three varieties of maize (TZE, TZEE, and Obatampa). The groundnut genotypes had 60kg P2O5 ha-1 (13.2 mgP/kg soil) and 0kg P2O5 ha-1 (0 mgP/kg soil), the maize varieties had 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 (16.5 mgP/ kg soil) and 0 kg P2O5 ha-1 (0 mgP/ kg soil) levels. The treatments were repeated three times and laid down in a Completely Randomised Design. There was no significant difference in the amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixed by the groundnut genotypes. However, Phosphorus application significantly increased nitrogen fixation compared to the control, therefore 60kg P2O5 ha-1 is concluded for higher nitrogen fixation in the soil.The effect of maize varieties in relation to nitrogen uptake efficiency was significant statistically, this result shows that the varieties that grow and develop extra early takes up more nitrogen faster than the late varieties and early varieties
SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SOME METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH RESPECT TO SOLAR ACTIVITY OVER SOME STATIONS IN NIGERIA
Get PDFIn this study, we investigated the effects of solar activity on periodic variability of some meteorological parameters for three meteorological stations in Nigeria, from 1980 to 2010. Maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, evaporation, sunshine duration, solar radiation and windspeed data were used as climate parameters and sunspot numbers data as solar activity indicator. Time series plots of the climatic/meteorological parameters and sunspot numbers were made for each station in order to observe their trend of variations with respect to solar activity effects on the various climatic parameters. The correlation coefficients between the various meteorological variables and solar indices at each station were obtained and given for the considered locations. Results obtained showed that above 95% level of statistically significantcorrelations exist between sunspot numbers and some climatic parameters for all the locations considered
NEAR SURFACE GEO-ELECTRIC STUDY OF OSHOSUN VILLAGE AND ITS ENVIRONS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES
Get PDFThe near surface investigation of Oshosun community and its environ was carried out in order to delineate the geotechnical properties of the subsurface layers in anticipation of engineering construction purposes. Integrated methods of geophysical and geotechnical techniques were deployed to characterize the nature and competence of the subsurface strata prior to construction of foundation for engineering structures. The geophysical technique employed involved 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) while Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) were used as geotechnical methods. The 2-D ERI were acquired in outlined three different sites within the study area. Five traverses of 2-D ERI were established and an SPT borehole data was obtained from each site. The 2-D ERI data were processed with DiprofWin software to obtain the 2-D resistivity structure. 
INTEGRATED SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EOCENE NANKA FORMATION AT OGBUNIKE AREA, SOUTHEAST, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe Eocene Nanka Formation at Ogbunike type localtiy was studied to ascertain the lithostratigraphy, petrophysical properties and depositional environment. Petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks are influenced by current velocity, degree of current variance and grain size parameters. These properties are partly controlled by facies characteristics which in turn are related to depositional environment. Field mapping utilizing bearing and pacing, and spot sampling based on lithologic variation was adopted along six lithogic profiles. Measurement of azimuths and dips of cross beds were taken for paleocurrent analysis. A total of 18 representative samples were collected for granulometric, thin section and heavy mineral petrographic analyses. Detailed sedimentology field study and lithologic description revealed the section to be 14.78m thick (vertical thickness) with a lateral extent of about 82m consisting of ironstone/sandstone, pyritic grayish shales, interstratified claystone/mudstone and heterolite. Azimuths of NE-SW and NW-SE directions described the paleocurrents of the formation with dominant polar-unimodal orientation, high vector strength (mean of 14.18o) and low variance ranging from 248.5 to 368.9. The sediments are bimodal to polymodal suggesting different parent sources, predominantly positively skewed, leptokurtic and dominantly moderately sorted suggesting fair porosity, fair permeability, heterogeneous reservoir unit, moderate energy of transportation medium and fluvial environment. Heavy minerals found indicated mixed provenance and mineralogical maturity. The study revealed that the sediments are ferrugineous, texturally sub-mature to mature, mineralogically super mature,fine to medium grained, moderately sorted and deposited in a near-shore fluvial environment under a moderate energy condition. The sediments are characterized by fair permeability and effective porosity, heterogeneous toslightly homogeneous reservoir unit
RADIO PROPAGATION MODELING OF JOS SUBURBS AT 900MHZ USING AN ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM
Get PDFThis study investigates radio propagation modeling of the suburbs of Jos, Nigeria, at an operating frequency of 900MHz, using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Technique. Path loss values computed based on received power measurements obtained from Base Transceiver Stations situated across the suburbs of the city were used to train, validate and test the ANFIS model for capacity to predict path loss. Results indicated that the ANFIS model with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 4.74dB offers an improvement in prediction accuracy over the COST 231 Hata model, which has an RMSE value of 5.90dB
PHENYLTHIOCARBAMIDE TASTE SENSITIVITY AS A POTENTIAL GENETIC MARKER FOR PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE
Get PDFMisuse of prescription drugs and substances such as analgesics, opioids, depressants, hallucinogens, or stimulants is on the increase and a major concern for parents and the society due to its consequences on moral decay, crime, insecurity and health challenges. This study was aimed at determining the role of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste sensitivity as a potential genetic marker for prescription drugs and substance misuse. Two hundred and thirty-two undergraduate students of the Nasarawa State University Keffi comprising of 133 males and 99 females were randomly selected and a structured questionnaire administered for the study. Stock solutionof PTC prepared into various concentrations (0.005, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0) was used to determine the status of individual phenotypes
Analysis of a Nonlinear Heat conduction Model of the Human Head
Get PDFThis research work is an account of the numerical analysis of a steady, one dimensional, spherically symmetric heat conduction equation modeling a simplified human head under the influence of environmental temperature variations. The governing energy balance equation together with the corresponding boundary conditions was transformed into dimensionless boundary value problem. The boundary value problem was solved numerically using fourth order Runge-kutta method with shooting technique. The results from the temperature profile revealed that the temperature of the human head is higher at the core and decreases transversely with minimum value towards the periphery. The effects of parameters like Biot number due to an increase in the rate of heattransfer, thermogenesis heat production and metabolic thermogenesis slope production on the temperature of the human head are examined. The results of the study proved that there is a perfect agreement in the core temperature values of the present work using various parameter values when compared with the reports of previous findings in the literature