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Big data fusion to estimate urban fuel consumption: A case study of riyadh
Get PDFFalling oil revenues and rapid urbanization are putting a strain on the budgets of oil producing nations which often subsidize domestic fuel consumption. A direct way to decrease the impact of subsidies is to reduce fuel consumption by reducing congestion and car trips. While fuel consumption models have started to incorporate data sources from ubiquitous sensing devices, the opportunity is to develop comprehensive models at urban scale leveraging sources such as Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Call Detail Records. We combine these big data sets in a novel method to model fuel consumption within a city and estimate how it may change due to different scenarios. To do so we calibrate a fuel consumption model for use on any car fleet fuel economy distribution and apply it in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The model proposed, based on speed profiles, is then used to test the effects on fuel consumption of reducing flow, both randomly and by targeting the most fuel inefficient trips in the city. The estimates considerably improve baseline methods based on average speeds, showing the benefits of the information added by the GPS data fusion. The presented method can be adapted to also measure emissions. The results constitute a clear application of data analysis tools to help decision makers compare policies aimed at achieving economic and environmental goals
"I Fear Greeks, Even When They Bear Gifts": The Gifts of Alexios I and the Histories of the First Crusade
No full textTowards Better Economic Models of Social Behaviour? Identity Economics
Get PDFIn recent years, a growing literature emerged studying the role of identity in economics. Yet, mainstream economists and other social scientists still eye identity economics with suspicion. This article illustrates the underlying assumptions of identity economics, gaps in the literature, as well as existing tools and research in other domains of economic theory that help to close these gaps, while demonstrating that identity economics is able to provide sophisticated approaches and additional findings that support transdisciplinary research on the topic. In order to demonstrate how these tools can be used to study the complex social systems in which identity, preferences, and institutions co-evolve, I develop a number of simple analytical models and elaborate on their implications, while keeping technicalities to a minimum. In addition, I show how findings in behavioural economics apply to identity economics and prove insightful for our understanding of the complex interdependencies between identity and group formation
Another Spare to the French Crown: Henry III of France’s Self-Representation, Reputation, and Royal Authority
Get PDFIt's on Henry III of France's royal authority and how he shaped his own authority through self-representation and how he tried to influence his own reputation which was attacked by his enemies
Peroxisomal ACBD4 interacts with VAPB and promotes ER-peroxisome associations
Get PDFCooperation between cellular organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and the ER is essential for a variety of important and diverse metabolic processes. Effective communication and metabolite exchange requires physical linkages between the organelles, predominantly in the form of organelle contact sites. At such contact sites organelle membranes are brought into close proximity by the action of molecular tethers, which often consist of specific protein pairs anchored in the membrane of the opposing organelles. Currently numerous tethering components have been identified which link the ER with multiple other organelles but knowledge of the factors linking the ER with peroxisomes is limited. Peroxisome-ER interplay is important because it is required for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ether-phospholipids and sterols with defects in these functions leading to severe diseases. Here, we characterize acyl-CoA binding domain protein 4 (ACBD4) as a tail-anchored peroxisomal membrane protein which interacts with the ER protein, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein–B (VAPB) to promote peroxisome-ER associations
