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THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC DEBT ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ECONOMY
Get PDFDid increased public debt jeopardize the sustainability of the economy, taking all dimensions into account? Research to date has focused on the role of gross public debt in financial sustainability. Two opposing views on sustainability of the economy have emerged: strong sustainability, requiring separate preservation of all environmental assets, and weak sustainability, allowing a high degree of substitutability among produced capital, human capital, and natural capital. Our study focuses on weak sustainability. Although debt build-up can finance capital expenditure, debt servicing can increase pressure on natural resources that are essential for a sustainable economy, affecting all components of adjusted net saving or the inclusive wealth index, both of which measure economic sustainability. We gathered data on gross debt as a percentage of gross domestic product for 80 low-income countries over the period 1990–2017. Using the Arellano and Bond (1991) estimator, we found that an increase in public debt translated to a higher adjusted net saving rate. Debt scaling-up in low-income countries from 2010 was thus associated with progress towards sustainability. However, although debt sustainability appeared to be associated with sustainability of an economy, the public debt coefficient was negative when using inclusive wealth growth to measure progress. Our study is the first attempt to assess the impact of gross public debt on economic sustainability, taking all dimensions into account. It contributes to ongoing efforts by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to improve the debt sustainability framework for low-income countries and help them move towards more sustainable economies. Our findings are particularly relevant for the Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns) in the context of post-covid-19 recovery
CONSUMER TRAVEL BEHAVIOR DURING THE PANDEMIC. A ROMANIAN CASE STUDY
Get PDFStarting with the emergence of the new COVID-19 virus, tourism was among the sectors most affected by the pandemic. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2021) announced a 65% reduction in the number of international arrivals in the first half of 2020 and 97% less in the second half, which means losses of 460 billion euros for the travel industry worldwide. The aim of this research is to present the Romanian consumer behavior after COVID -19 pandemic by using an online questionnaire on 680 of respondents and to analyze, in the European and international context the main changes on Romanian tourism industry. For the statistical analysis of the main changes of the Romanian tourism indicators the secondary data respectively the statistical data was used, both from national statistical data and international sources. For the research regarding the analysis of changes of the Romanian consumer for tourism packages, primary data from 680 respondents was collected by online questionnaire by using a convenience sampling. Following the results of research based on secondary data by using the statistical indicators, we made an extensive analysis in terms of how much the tourism sector was affected by the pandemic, for example at the global level, the revenues generated by this important sector of the economy decreased by 51.4%, in 2020, the number of jobs in tourism decreased by 9.3%, i.e. 3.6 million people out of the 38.5 million reported in 2019 as workers in the tourism sector, were left without a place to work or have changed their field of activity. Romania is no exception, the number of foreign tourist arrivals decreased considerably in 2020, compared to 2019, approximately 35% of Romanians had to cancel their holiday booking due to travel restrictions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic made Romanians\u27 tourist options oriented towards the domestic market
AN EXPLORATION OF THE EXTERNAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE ATTENDEES CONSUMPTION OF EVENTS
Get PDFIn recent years the event management industry has faced unprecedented disruption from external factors. In the area of event management, external factors are uncontrollable factors that affect the industry. The scope of this study concentrates on recent world events including terrorism, a global pandemic (Goncalves, 2021) and war and the extent to which, if any, these factors play on the minds of event attendees and thereby impact event consumption. As a result, this paper seeks to identify and explore what specific external factors influence attendees’ decisions when partaking in events. In a world where uncertainty seems to be evermore present, it is imperative for event researchers and practitioners to consider such issues (Dragin-Jensen et al., 2022). Using a qualitative approach, five focus groups were conducted during the Covid-19 crisis to examine attendees’ decision-making response to partake in events. The focus group participants were drawn from the entertainment, sporting and cultural event sectors, and the results were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis method. In identifying and analysing the most important external factors that attendees prioritise before, during or after consuming an event, the findings that emerged predominately related to two key themes namely, the behaviour of others and perceptions of safety. Behaviour of others included hooliganism, social media, and alcohol consumption, while safety perceptions included Covid-19, political situations and terrorism. This study provides an analysis of the decision-making process attendees engage in. Extending understanding of event planning, attendees’ perceptions and how these perceptions affect event attendance will assist in building much needed resilience in the event industry. In identifying attendee’s concerns during and after the event, event organisers and researchers will be better placed to address issues and alleviate attendees’ concerns
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY – A COMPETITION LAW’S PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFNew market players and novel forms of vertical restraints of competition have emerged in the digital economy. With the rise of intermediary platforms, the distribution of functions and power structures in sales have shifted. A clear differentiation between horizontal and vertical restraints has become more difficult. Further, novel forms of vertical restraints of competition, including restrictions on online selling and price parity clauses, have appeared. This paper presents the challenges these developments pose for the evaluation of distribution agreements under European competition law and explains their economic background. It assesses the solutions the European legislator provides in the recently adopted Vertical Block Exemption Regulation from June 2022
CHINESE PRACTICE OF RESEARCH-BASED LEARNING IN BASIC PHYSICS EDUCATION
Get PDFThe construction of physics education courses based on research-based learning has become the focus of curriculum reform in many countries. In China, situational and experimental teaching methods were encouraged by the new curriculum standards, so it is necessary to introduce research-based learning in basic physics teaching. In this study, the specific implementation and case design of research-based learning were explored and practised. Using Newton\u27s second law as an example, the application of the research-based learning model in senior-high school physics education was discussed, and countermeasures for implementing research-based learning were proposed. The results show that the application of research-based physics learning can effectively improve students\u27 scientific skills and learning outcomes, and therefore suggest that high school physics teachers draw on this model when implementing research-based learning
WORKING WITH VIRTUAL AND MIXED REALITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Get PDFThe core requirement for integrating emerging technologies into the classroom is that teachers must understand them and be capable of incorporating them into their classroom methods. In this paper, we present the initial findings of an R&D/Innovation project entitled "Design, implementation and evaluation of mixed reality materials for learning environments" (PID2019-108933GB-I00), showing the teachers’ beliefs surrounding this technology and how it relates to their classroom methods and students
IS IT POSSIBLE TO CHANGE VETERINARY STUDENTS\u27 VIEWS TOWARD THE ENVIRONMENT AND ANIMALS BY TEACHING THEM ABOUT ECOLOGY AND ANIMAL WELFARE?
Get PDFAnimal welfare, ecology and environmental education are becoming more significant as part of veterinary curriculum. The general public\u27s understanding of ecology animal welfare is growing. There is an increasing demand not just for professional abilities and knowledge but also for veterinarians\u27 understanding how organisms interact with each other and their environments and their emotional sensitivity to their patients. This trend was adopted by the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, which included ecology and animal welfare in its curriculum for students of all study programmes. This article will go through the content of courses, their stages, study schedules, and teaching techniques. Using a survey, it will be determined how veterinary students\u27 perspectives changed after the relevant topics were passed
CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUBJECT "GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE" IN THE STUDY PROGRAMS OF THE FIELD OF LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING
Get PDFThe submitted contribution is focused on the creation and implementation of the subject "Green Infrastructure" in the study programs of the field of study Landscape Engineering. Green infrastructure is a complex system of natural territories that include terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, elements, areas, and systems of greenery in the settlement and in the country. Its importance results from the sustainable use of natural potential and the provided ecosystem services for society. It is a multifunctional and durable system that offers a range of nature-based solutions to current problems and needs, for example with climate change and its consequences
SMART EDUCATION PROMOTING HIGHER EDUCATION BILINGUAL COURSES WITH VALUE EDUCATION
Get PDFThis study employs value education of China higher education in the context of bilingual courses and smart education to illustrate the systematic work revolving them. This study reveals “value education” of China higher education together with how cores of higher education are achieved in Chinese higher education system. On the other hand, this study focuses on the issues “smart education” and its components. Therefore, applying smart education for value education in bilingual courses. This study presents a system combining “value education”, “smart education” and “bilingual courses”, and explains how they are integrating with each other, answering challenges in the new era of China
THE WATER MASTERPIECE OF MICHEL BUTOR
Get PDFMichel Butor wrote his masterpiece the Change of Heart as a starting point for the exploration of new forms of creative expression. As a result of this exploration, he appropriated a new genre, namely the artist\u27s books, which totally transformed the writer\u27s way of writing. The Change of Heart was a trigger for the transformation, which took place gradually over time with Passing time and Mobile and was completed in the Catalonian Garden in 2000. The association of art with the city takes precedence over other issues developed on this relationship. The architecture of Butor\u27s book is a veritable baroque cathedral, gilded and painted blue with words. What you get as a work of art in the form of Butor\u27s book is in line with his reflections on the entanglement between painting and letters. The art of the baroque reminds us of the artifice on which creation rests. This is what happens in the Change of Heart, it becomes a painting, then transforms into a cathedral. The spiritual change is reflected in the external world of objects through water that materially transmit an inner world as the changing colours in impressionist’s painting. That is why water in Change of Heart is of supreme importance. It transforms the city into a work of art. It wets every page of the novel appearing in every kind of liquid - blood, wine, oil, milk, oil, lake, sea, pond... This is the realm of water. These transformations modify Michel Butor\u27s vision of art in order to elevate his work as a writer to the performance of an artist