Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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Advanced Power Management Strategies for Complex Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
No full textAircraft electrification for propulsion is a promising way to alleviate the negative environmental impact of conventional carbon-powered aviation. Inclusion of the electrical powertrain aims to enhance design freedom, allowing for more efficient power systems and operational schemes. In this work, a design space exploration is performed, aiming to derive power management guidelines based on aircraft environmental performance. A 19-passenger commuter aircraft employing the series/parallel partial hybrid-electric architecture is examined. Two underwing-mounted turboprop engines are combined with a boundary layer ingestion fan mounted in the aft of the aircraft and powered by an electrical drive. The primary electrical energy source is a battery system. A multidisciplinary framework is utilized, comprising modeling approaches for multipoint thermal engine design, physics-based electrical component sizing and performance, aircraft sizing, mission design, and environmental assessment. The investigation revealed that the reference designed hybrid-electric configuration with entry-into-service (EIS) 2035 assumed technologies yields roughly 18% improvement in block consumption and emissions, but an 8% increase in maximum takeoff weight (MTOW), compared to its 2014 conventional counterpart. The design space exploration for an optimal power management scheme indicated a minimum average ratio of 1:1.35 between cruise and design point hybridization power. However, even the optimally operated hybrid aircraft showcases worse environmental performance compared to the conventional design of same entry-into-service date. The investigation has revealed that the complex powertrain and hybrid architecture selected may be more suitable for larger class aircraft, where aircraft requirements can be relaxed and higher degrees of electrification are not penalized or confined by set constraints
Morphological and Photometric Characteristics of Nearby Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
No full textThe morphological and photometric characteristics of dwarf galaxies in the local group are key to understanding galaxy structure and evolution, providing insight into the properties of low-luminosity systems. However, their faint nature makes them challenging to observe, especially at greater distances. In this study, we examined the morphological classification, spatial distribution, and photometric properties of a sample of 33 nearby dwarf galaxies at approximately 2 kpc, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) data release 18 (DR18), to investigate how these galaxies are varying in terms of their colors, surface brightness, and structural features. Our results reveal notable trends in the relationship between morphology and distance for dwarf irregular (dIrr) and dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. We observe that dIrr galaxies are more dispersed and commonly found at greater distances, additionally, they are gas-rich galaxies with recent star formation, while dSph galaxies contain older stellar populations and tend to cluster closer to their host galaxies like the Miley Way. In general, we noticed that the dSph galaxies appear redder and fainter due to the intermediate and old age stars, and the containment of metal-rich stars, whereas the dIrr galaxies tend to be bluer and brighter, indicating the presence of younger stars which contain fewer heavy elements. © 2026, University of Baghdad-College of Science. All rights reserved
The price of accountability : corruption erodes social trust more in democracies than in autocracies
No full textIntroduction: While corruption exists in both democracies and autocracies, its social consequences may differ fundamentally across regime types. Democratic norms of equality and impartiality make trust highly sensitive to institutional failure. We theorize two mechanisms-normative amplification and representative contagion-by which corruption erodes trust more in democracies. In democracies, corruption violates core fairness norms and implicates the citizenry that elected corrupt officials. In autocracies, corruption is expected and elites are seen as separate from ordinary citizens. Methods: To test this theory, we perform multilevel analysis of data from 62 countries combining individual-level survey responses with country-level democratic quality indicators. Results: We first demonstrate that perceiving corruption predicts lower generalized trust almost universally across individuals. We then show this individual-level psychological mechanism is considerably stronger in democracies than in autocracies, even controlling for inequality and country-level corruption. Discussion: These findings reveal an asymmetric vulnerability: the accountability structures that make democracies function also make their social capital fragile. This has important implications for understanding democratic resilience, as corruption threatens the social trust necessary for democratic cooperation differently across regime types
Refinements and Numerical Error Studies of the COS Method for Barrier and Bermudan Options under Heston Dynamics
No full textThis thesis investigates the application of the Fourier–cosine method to European-style discretely monitored barrier options and Bermudan options under the Heston Stochastic Volatility model, with emphasis on Feller-violating regimes where numerical challenges are most pronounced. A Refined–COS implementation is proposed, featuring safeguarded computation of the log–variance truncation interval and a robust procedure for determining the Bermudan optimal exercise boundary. Benchmark comparisons with high-accuracy Almost-Exact Scheme Monte Carlo simulations reveal clear convergence patterns: single-barrier options converge rapidly, while long-maturity contracts and double-barrier options remain more demanding, and boundary-location errors dominate the Bermudan option pricing bias for in-the-money contracts. Oscillatory artefacts in the COS density reconstruction are studied, and several spectral filters are tested in barrier option pricing; however, their impact on accuracy is limited and not sufficiently systematic to constitute a reliable improvement. The results provide a transparent and reproducible framework for option valuation under Heston dynamics and highlight key sensitivities that arise when the Feller condition is violated
The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Team Performance and Knowledge Sharing in a Multinational Industrial Organization within Sweden
No full textABSTRACT Date: 2026.01.15 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Darshana Hewa Dewage, Subhani Warahena Liyanage, Zolaikha Zawarali Title: The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Team Performance and Knowledge Sharing in a Multinational Industrial Organization within Sweden Supervisor: Aziza Al Ghafri Keywords: Cultural diversity, team performance, multinational teams, knowledge sharing, organizational support, social grouping Research questions: What impact does cultural diversity have on team performance and knowledge sharing in a multinational industrial organization in Sweden? Purpose: This research aims to examine the role of cultural diversity on how ABC’s Swedish teams perform and share knowledge using the guidelines of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and knowledge-based theory. Method: The research is a single case study which conducts a qualitative methodology with ten semi-structured interviews including five employees and five managers. Research has an abductive thematic approach. Conclusion: On the one hand, cultural diversity causes a number of challenges. On the other hand, diversity results in adding value through additional viewpoints, increased creativity, and complex multi-perspective and innovative problem-solving frameworks especially for demanding tasks. Cultural diversity offers complex challenges and opportunities for teams. With the right structure and approach, organizations can manage these challenges and harness diversity as a source of power and competitive edge in the context of globalization
ATT VÅRDAS ISOLERAD PÅ SJUKHUS FÖR COVID-19 : En litteraturöversikt ur ett patientperspektiv
No full textBakgrund: Covid-19 identifierades i Kina i slutet av 2019 vilket ledde till att en pandemi utvecklades. Pandemin bidrog till omfattande utmaningar inom Hälso- och sjukvården där isoleringsvård blev en nödvändig åtgärd ur smittskyddsperspektiv för att minska smittspridning. Vårdrelationen försvårades då sjuksköterskorna stod inför en komplex omställning där det dagliga arbetet präglades av krav om skyddsutrustning, tidspress och brist på resurser. Detta försvårade kommunikationen och den fysiska kontakten. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev känslor såsom stress, oro, otillräcklighet och rädsla, men trots detta kvarstod en vilja att ge en god vård. Syfte: Var att beskriva patienternas erfarenheter av att vårdas isolerade på sjukhus för Covid-19 under pandemin. Metod: Examensarbetet har tillämpat en litteraturöversikt där totalt 13 artiklar inkluderats med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Efter analysering av artiklarna identifierades fyra teman: Att känna oro, att känna ensamhet, betydelsen av relation till sjuksköterskan och att känna självförebråelse. Slutsats: Under isoleringsvården påverkades patienternas välbefinnande samt att vårdrelationen var betydande för att minska lidande. Det finns ett behov för vidareutveckling av kommunikation, psykologiskt stöd och omvårdnad i isoleringsvård. Den framtida forskningen bör fokusera på att utveckla och utvärdera omvårdnadsåtgärder och miljöanpassningar som stärker patienternas välbefinnande i liknande vårdsituationer. Nyckelord: Covid-19, Isoleringsvård, Pandemi, Patientens erfarenheter, Sjukhus
Förebyggande av trycksår : En allmän litteraturöversikt om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter
No full textBackground: Pressure ulcers are a common healthcare related injury that causes significant suffering, reduced quality of life for patients, and poses a risk to patient safety. Problem: Despite preventive opportunities, pressure ulcers continue to cause patient suffering and negative care outcomes, while nurses’ preventive work is constrained by factors such as competence gaps and organizational barriers. Purpose: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of pressure ulcer prevention. Method: A litterature review of thirteen scientific articles with qualitativ, quantitativ, and mixed-methods design was conducted. The analysis followed a four-step model and focused on systematically synthesizing prior research, while ethical considerations where continuosly adressed. Result: Four central themes were identified: clinical competence, preventive measures, ethical dilemmas, and organizational conditions. Quantitative findings showed that nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention was moderate (64.5%), and only 8.5% achieved a high level of evidence-based knowledge. Conclusion: Nurses’ experiences indicate that several interrelated challenges hinder effective pressure ulcer prevention. Such work requires adequate competence, clear organizational structures, and ethical support for nurses in order to promote patient safety and equitable care. The findings also highlight the need for further research on how educational and organizational interventions can strengthen pressure ulcer prevention
Undervisningsmetoder i matematik för elever med IF : Speciallärares erfarenheter av de fyra räknesätten i anpassad grundskola
No full textSammanfattning Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka undervisningsmetoder speciallärare beskriver som betydelsefulla för att stödja matematikutvecklingen hos elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, samt vilka erfarenheter de har av att undervisa i de fyra räknesätten. Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer med speciallärare verksamma i anpassad grundskola och undervisande i matematik. Materialet har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet sammanfattas i tre övergripande teman: tillgänglighet, kontinuitet och dilemman. Tillgänglighet handlar om att konkretisera och visualisera matematiken genom laborativa material, visuella representationer och tydliga strukturer. Kontinuitet innefattar upprepning och stabila rutiner för att befästa kunskaper, vilket framträder som centralt för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Det sista temat handlar om dilemman som speciallärarna beskriver när de behöver balansera mellan till exempel individanpassning och gruppundervisning, att anpassa och utmana eleverna, samt mellan pedagogiska ambitioner och organisatoriska villkor. Studiens resultat går att sammanfatta som att effektiv matematikundervisning för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning bygger på strukturerad, konkret och långsiktig undervisning, samtidigt som specialläraren behöver hantera komplexa didaktiska avvägningar. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till tidigare forskning, den didaktiska triangeln, det kompensatoriska perspektivet och dilemmaperspektivet.
Det palliativa vårdandet : En systematisk litteraturstudie utifrån sjuksköterskors upplevelser
No full textTowards a Digital Twin For Quarry Sites: From Requirements to Operational Components
No full textOff-road quarry environments are complex systems where machines, materials, and humans interact under harsh, safety-critical, and resource-constrained conditions. While digital twins promise to transform these operations through virtual experimentation and optimization, practical adoption is limited by three key challenges: integrating models across multiple temporal and spatial scales, balancing computational efficiency with physical fidelity, and maintaining modular architectures that can evolve with changing site requirements. This licentiate thesis contributes toward addressing these challenges by developing a foundational framework for digital twin implementation in quarry operations and demonstrating its feasibility through two enabling components. First, through industry-embedded case studies combining semi-structured interviews, expert workshops, and site observations, the research maps simulation-optimization requirements across three operational levels and proposes a hierarchical modeling framework that defines interfaces between site-level planning, operational coordination, and machine dynamics. This framework establishes how information should flow between high-level production scheduling and low-level equipment control while maintaining computational tractability. To demonstrate technical feasibility within this framework, the thesis develops two machine-learning components at the dynamics level. A torque-prediction model uses expert-guided feature selection and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to achieve high-fidelity estimates with minimal sensor inputs, providing a template for interpretable surrogate modeling. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based world model enables efficient reinforcement learning for autonomous bucket filling, showing major improvements in both productivity and energy efficiency compared to baseline controllers in simulation environments. This research establishes the architectural foundation and demonstrates core technical capabilities necessary for quarry digital twins, while explicitly deferring full system integration, field validation, and cross-site deployment to future doctoral work. The contributions provide a structured approach to multi-level modeling for quarry digital twins, establishing methodological foundations for integrating site level planning, operational coordination, and machine dynamics models while demonstrating that machine learning can deliver computationally efficient surrogates suitable for real-time applications