Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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“DET KAN BLI … EN ÖVERDIAGNOSTIK, SÅ ATT MAN DIAGNOSTISERAR ADHD FAST DET KANSKE EGENTLIGEN ÄR TRAUMA.” : En kvalitativ studie av socionomers upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med psykiatrisk samsjuklighet i substansbrukssyndrom och ADHD.
No full textDenna kvalitativa studie syftar till att analysera psykiatrisk samsjuklighet i ADHD och substansbrukssyndrom utifrån socionomers erfarenhet och upplevelse. Utifrån ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv fokuserar studien på de utmaningar som ökad diagnostik medför i det sociala arbetets praktik. Urvalet bestod av sex yrkesverksamma socionomer som arbetat med missbruksbehandling. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades med en tematisk metod. Resultatet belyser hur psykiatrisk samsjuklighet i många fall har en stark relation till tidigare upplevda trauman, främst genom att traumat ofta finns med i problembilden och skapar en ökad utsatthet samt sårbarhet för psykisk ohälsa och självmedicinering. Både trauma och symtom av substansbrukssyndrom överlappar med ADHD och gör diagnostiska utredningar komplexa, samtidigt som medikaliseringen expanderar och ett reduktivt synsätt dominerar. Utifrån resultatet konstateras att diagnoser skapas som sociala konstruktioner och baseras på individens miljö och kontext, samt att socionomers förhållningssätt av ett helhetsperspektiv i praktiken är en metod som uppfattas vara hållbar, långsiktig och mest rättvis i längden.This qualitative study aims to analyze psychiatric comorbidity in ADHD and substance use disorder based on social workers' experiences and perspectives. Grounded in the social constructionist perspective, the study focuses on the challenges that increased diagnostic practices present in the field of social work. The sample consisted of six practicing social workers specializing in addiction treatment. Empirical data was collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using a thematic method. The results highlight how psychiatric comorbidity is often strongly linked to previously experienced trauma, primarily because trauma frequently forms part of the problem and increases vulnerability to mental illness and self-medication. Both trauma and symptoms of substance use disorder overlap with ADHD and complicates the assessment. Simultaneously, the expansion of medicalization and the dominance of a reductive perspective pose additional challenges. Based on the findings, the study concludes that diagnoses are socially constructed and shaped by an individual's environment and context. Additionally, social workers approach of applying a holistic perspective in practice is perceived as a sustainable, long-term and most fair method in the long run
Handlingsutrymme eller handbojor? : En kvantitativ studie om socialarbetares upplevda begränsningar och utmaningar i mötet med unga som begår grova våldsbrott
No full textStudien syftar till att undersöka socialarbetares upplevelser av maktlöshet och handlingsutrymme i arbetet med barn och unga som begår grova våldsbrott. Undersökningen utgick från en kvantitativ metod med en webbaserad, strukturerad enkätstudie. Enkäten utformades med frågor baserat på handlingsutrymme, maktlöshet och vilka riskfaktorer hos klienter som bidrar till högre grad av upplevd maktlöshet hos socialarbetare utifrån studiens utvalda riskfaktorer. Utöver enkäten har tidigare forskning och teoretiska begrepp använts i syfte att förstå och analysera studiens valda fenomen. Nationella- och internationella vetenskapliga studier belyser emotionella relationer hos socialarbetare, relationen mellan klient och socialarbetare, maktlöshet utifrån byråkrati, samt risk- och skyddsfaktorer och ligger till grund för studiens förståelse. Gräsrotsbyråkrat, handlingsutrymme, governmentality, biopolitik och biomakt har studerats och använts som teoretisk tolkningsram. Resultatet visar dels att det finns samband mellan socialarbetares upplevda handlingsutrymme och maktlöshet, dels att somliga riskfaktorer har större inverkan än andra på socialarbetares upplevda maktlöshet där gängtillhörighet har störst påverkan. Studiens resultat kan i framtiden användas för olika åtgärdsinterventioner för socialarbetare som möter målgruppen.The aim of the study is to explore social workers' experiences of powerlessness and discretion in working with children and young people who commit serious violent crimes. The research employed a quantitative method through a web-based, structured survey. The survey included questions regarding discretion, powerlessness, and client-related risk factors that contribute to heightened feelings of powerlessness among social workers, based on the study’s selected risk factors. In addition to the survey, previous research and theoretical concepts were utilized to understand and analyze the chosen phenomena. National and international scientific studies highlighting emotional responses among social workers, the relationship between clients and social workers, powerlessness within bureaucracy, and risk and protective factors formed the foundation for the study's understanding. Theoretical frameworks, including street-level bureaucracy, discretion, governmentality, biopolitics, and biopower, were examined and applied. The results reveal a correlation between social workers’ perceived discretion and powerlessness and show that certain risk factors have a greater impact than others on perceived powerlessness, with gang affiliation having the most significant effect. The study's findings may serve as a basis for future intervention measures aimed at supporting social workers working with this target group
Building Psychosocial Safety Climate and Conditions for Employee-Driven Innovation
No full textThe impact of work on mental health is a global issue, costing $1 trillion annually. Work-related depression alone costs 620 billion Euros each year. As work rates intensify in Europe, so does workplace stress. The organisational and social work environment (OSWE) significantly affects worker health. The OSWE not only impacts health but may also hinder innovation. Encouraging employee-driven innovation (EDI) without ensuring worker health can be risky. However, research has shown that a high Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) protects workers from organisational and social risks, which is why building a high (PSC) is anticipated to be crucial for worker health and breaking down barriers to EDI. This thesis combines occupational health and EDI research to explore 1) how to build PSC and organisational and social working conditions and 2) how PSC relates to EDI. The research is mainly built on a longitudinal quasi-experimental study with an intervention and control group. In the quasi-experiment, the ‘active ingredient’ is a manager-led training intervention's impact on PSC and OSWE in Sweden's private sector. Literature reviews examine important working conditions for health and the role of OSWE during technological transitions. Findings show that PSC can be built through manager training and collaboration, improving PSC and organisational and social working conditions. PSC is also found to be related to EDI, with management behaviours explaining the relationship. The literature reviews highlight the need for attention to PSC during technological changes. The research concludes that integrating occupational health and EDI extends theory and understanding in both fields, providing practical insights on building PSC and demonstrating how PSC is related to EDI.
SJUKSKÖTERSKESTUDENTERS ERFARENHETER AV ATT VÅRDA INOM SLUTENVÅRD
No full textBakgrund: Omvårdnad är sjuksköterskors specifika kompetens och innebär att vårda evidensbaserat och med en holistisk syn på patienter. I utbildningen för blivande sjuksköterskor ingår klinisk utbildning förlagd inom olika verksamhetsområden. Den tidigare forskningen beskriver sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda inom slutenvård samt patienters erfarenheter av att vårdas av sjuksköterskestudenter inom slutenvård. Sjuksköterskestudenternas erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i den kliniska delen av utbildningen kan öka kvaliteten på vården som ges till slutenvårdens patienter av framtida sjuksköterskestudenter och sjuksköterskor. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskestudenternas erfarenheter av att vårda inom slutenvården. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt valdes för arbetet, där forskning med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats har sammanställts. Resultat: I analysen framkom tre teman: omvårdnadsansvar, empati i vårdande och vårdrelation. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskestudenternas erfarenheter påverkades av handledande sjuksköterskors värderingar och agerande inom sin profession. Sjuksköterskestudenterna som erfor stöd av sjuksköterskor stärkte sin kunskap och förståelse för sin kommande yrkesroll. Slutsatsen är att uformningen av den kliniska delen av utbildningen hade betydelse för hur sjuksköterskestudenterna utvecklades
MÖTET MED ANHÖRIGA PÅ AKUTMOTTAGNING : En litteraturöversikt ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv
No full textIn between the fields of research of special educational needs and multilingual education – Swedish heritage language teachers’ perspectives on special educational needs in multilingual students
No full textFor most multilingual students, knowledge and language development takes place without major difficulties. However, if this development deviates from what is expected, the difficulties need to be investigated, and support measures implemented. Complex causes interact when multilingual students need special educational support. The research fields of multilingual education and of special needs education must be taken into consideration. Unfortunately, because of the gap between these two fields, many multilingual students in need of special educational support fall between the cracks. For these students, heritage language teachers (hereafter HLTs) constitute an important link between Swedish school culture and home culture and they bear responsibility in defining the special educational support measures for these students. Therefore, through the narratives of HLTs, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of their perception of multilingual students in need of special educational support. The present study is based on qualitative methods for collecting and analysing data. After a purposeful selection, 13 individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Thereafter, the transcriptions of the interviews were analysed thematically. The results indicate that the HLTs characterise multilingual students whose behaviour or language development deviates from the norm regarding the need of special educational support. The HLTs define linguistic deviations, the underlying causes, and the support measures needed similarly. However, behavioural deviation and the underlying causes are perceived differently, depending on the individual HLTs’ personal experiences, backgrounds and levels of education. To meet the multilingual students’ SEN in a more scientifically based approach and a more holistic way, the study discusses the need for structural changes facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration between HTL and SEN teachers, a more uniform educational path for HLTs as well as better information to special needs teachers about the roles and tasks of HLTs. In conclusion, the gap between the research fields of multilingual students’ learning and special needs education should be tightened
Evapotranspiration in Agrivoltaic environment: A field study
No full textThis study investigates the impact of an agrivoltaic (APV) system on evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture dynamics by comparing experimental ET measurements with theoretical estimates using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation. A field experiment was conducted using lysimeters to measure ET within an APV system and an open-field reference plot. The results indicate that ET rates were consistently lower in the APV system due to the shading effect of PV panels, which reduced solar radiation exposure and enhanced soil moisture retention. The exclusion of precipitation-affected data improved the accuracy of ET measurements, highlighting the necessity of precise data selection in similar studies. Although discrepancies between experimental and theoretical ET values were observed, they were attributed to measurement limitations and microclimatic variations. The findings suggest that APV systems can contribute to sustainable water management by reducing water loss and irrigation demands, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Further research is recommended to assess long-term impacts on crop yield and optimize APV configurations for diverse agricultural environments. INT
NURSES' EXPERIENCES IN CARE OF PATIENTS AT THE END OF LIFE
No full textBakgrund: Syftet med palliativ vård i livets slutskede är att lindra lidande och att främja patienters livskvalitet. Tidigare studier har kartlagt patienters och anhörigas perspektiv på vård i livets slutskede. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt användes. Elva artiklar ingick i litteraturöversikten. Resultat: Fyra återkommande teman identifierades: Emotionella erfarenheter, Kommunikationen med patienter, anhöriga och kollegor, Relationerna med patienter, anhöriga och kollegor samt Kompetensens betydelse. Sjuksköterskor betonade det som en utmaning att kunna hantera de emotionella frågorna vid vård i livets slutskede och de erfor att de inte hade tillräckliga kunskaper och erfarenheter för detta. Sjuksköterskor erfor att de behövde bli bättre på att kommunicera och ha relationer inom vården. Många sjuksköterskor erfor sig ha bristande kunskaper om vården i livets slutskede. De saknar också erfarenhetsbaserad kompetens. Slutsats: Utbildningen i frågor som berör vården i livets slutskede behöver förbättras. Sjuksköterskors förmåga att kommunicera och skapa relationer behöver förbättras. Resultaten av litteraturöversikten kan vara till nytta vid förbättringsarbete kopplat till vården i livets slutskede. De kan också bidra till att utbildningen i dessa frågor förbättras.Background: The purpose of end-of-life palliative care is to alleviate suffering and to promote the patients' quality of life. Previous studies have mapped patients' and relatives' perspectives on end-of-life care. Purpose: To describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients at the end of life. Method: A general literature review was used. Eleven articles were included in the review. Results: Four recurring themes were identified: Emotional experiences, Communication with patients, relatives and colleagues, Relationships with patients, relatives and colleagues and The role of competences. Nurses emphasized that it was a challenge to be able to handle the emotional issues in end-of-life care and they felt that they did not have sufficient knowledge and experience for this. Nurses expressed that they needed to get better at communicating and relationships in healthcare. Many nurses lack knowledge about end-of-life care. They also lack experience-based skills. Conclusion: The education in matters concerning end-of-life care needs to be improved. Nurses' ability to communicate and create relationships also needs to be improved. The results of the literature review can be useful for improvement work linked to end-of-life care. They can also contribute to improving education in these matter
