Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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Att skriva för hand eller digitalt : F- 3 lärares syn på skrivundervisning i ämnet svenska
No full textStudien undersöker hur lärare i årskurs F–3 arbetar med handskrift och digitalt skrivande i svenskundervisningen. Syftet är att förstå hur lärarna beskriver sina arbetssätt samt vilka fördelar och utmaningar de ser med båda skrivsätten. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta lärare. Resultatet visar att lärare använder båda skrivsätten beroende på undervisningens syfte och elevernas behov, men att handskrift prioriteras i de lägre årskurserna. En progression mot digitalt skrivande sker oftast först när eleverna utvecklat en automatiserad handstil. Lärare beskriver hur handskrift främjar bokstavskännedom, finmotorik och struktur, medan digitala verktyg kan stärka skrivlust och möjliggöra textbearbetning. Slutsatsen är att en kombination av båda skrivsätten är mest gynnsam, då de tillsammans stödjer olika aspekter av elevernas skriv- och språkutveckling.
Associations Between Taq1A/C957T Polymorphic Variants and Autonomic Responsivity in a Slot Machine Task : Influence of Real-Life Gambling Exposure and Sex
No full textMonetary reward processing during gambling is associated with dopaminergic functioning. Emotional reactivity to different gambling stimuli can be indexed by autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses measured by skin conductance responses (SCR) and heart rate (HR). Genetic markers regulating neural dopaminergic activity, such as the D2 dopamine receptor, might confer differential sensitivity to gambling stimuli, which may also be modulated by previous exposure to gambling. To date, no previous studies have explored the relationship between genetic markers of the D2 dopamine receptor, real-life gambling exposure and ANS responses during gambling. Hence, this study explored associations and interactions between DRD2 C957T (rs6277) and ANKK1 Taq1A (rs1800497) genotypes, real-life gambling frequency and autonomic responses during reward anticipation and outcome delivery in a slot machine task producing wins, near-misses and full-misses. Participants (n = 270) performed a computerized slot machine task with recordings of SCRs and HR responses during gambling performance and provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. Taq1A A1 carriers showed increased SCRs and HR responses during reward anticipation and to wins. Greater responsivity during anticipation, as well as to wins and full-misses, was also observed in C957T heterozygotes. Regarding real-life gambling involvement, higher gambling frequency among Taq1A A1 carriers was associated with decreased HR responses during anticipation and to wins. Results suggest that polymorphic variants of the D2 dopamine receptor may confer differential sensitivity to different gambling stimuli which may further be modulated by real-life gambling exposures. However, further studies are needed in well powered samples of gamblers and control subjects
Högläsning i förskolan som ett pedagogiskt verktyg : en studie om hur pedagoger använder högläsning för att stödja barns språkutveckling
No full textHögläsning är en central del av förskolans utbildning och lyfts i läroplanen som en viktig aktivitet för barns språkutveckling. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur pedagoger beskriver sitt arbete med högläsning och vilka didaktiska intentioner som kopplas till aktiviteten. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där språket ses som ett centralt redskap för kommunikation och lärande. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativa frågor i en enkätstudie som inledningsvis testades på tre förskollärare innan den distribuerades till rektorer och vidare till deras medarbetare. Undersökningen pågick under två veckor och resulterade i totalt 89 svar från pedagoger som är verksamma inom förskolan. Majoriteten av respondenterna hade lång yrkeserfarenhet. Resultatet av enkäten visar att högläsning är en naturlig del av den dagliga verksamheten, men att graden av planering och medvetenhet varierar mellan pedagoger. Studien belyser även att dialogisk högläsning, där samtal och reflektion integreras i läsningen, har en tydligt språkutvecklande effekt. Samtidigt framträder ett behov av ökad kunskap om hur högläsning kan användas mer systematiskt i undervisninge
Hur kan laborativt material användas i matematikundervisning? : En litteraturstudie
No full textStudien syftar till att undersöka hur laborativt material används i matematikundervisning, vilket resultat användningen genererat för elevers matematikinlärning samt vilken funktion läraren har vid användandet av laborativt material. Studien är en systematisk litteraturgenomgång och inkluderar tio studier varav nio är gjorda i internationell kontext. Studien omfattar inte virtuella hjälpmedel. Analysmetoden för studien är tematisk analys och två teman har identifierats med tillhörande underteman. Studiens första tema är ”kopplingen mellan konkret och abstrakt” med två tillhörande underteman: ”CRA-I” och ”andra tillvägagångssätt”. Detta tema har visat olika sätt att använda laborativt material i matematikundervisningen. Studiens andra tema är ”lärarrollens funktion” vilket innehåller tre underteman: ”stegvis undervisning”, ”enskild undervisning” och ”lärarfokuserad vs elevfokuserad undervisning”. Detta tema har visat hur lärarrollen förändras i olika delar av undervisningen med laborativt material. Majoriteten av studierna påvisar en positiv effekt av användningen av laborativt material på elevers matematikinlärning inom olika områden
Caesarean section on maternal request : a qualitative study of stakeholders´ views
No full textBackgroundCaesarean section on maternal request (CSMR) raises ethical and clinical challenges despite Sweden’s low overall caesarean section (CS) rate. National written recommendations are restrictive, yet regional differences suggest unequal care. While previous research has focused on women and healthcare professionals, little is known about the views on CSMR of policymakers and other key stakeholders. The aim of this study was to investigate how stakeholders in the Swedish healthcare system view CSMR in relation to medical considerations, individual autonomy and societal values. MethodsA qualitative study with an inductive approach was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Sixteen stakeholders were recruited, including regional politicians, policymakers, national authority representatives, and members from organisations and associations with relevant interest and expertise in the field. ResultsFive themes were generated: (1) Caesarean section is a valid way of giving birth for some; (2) The right to choose and the decision process are complex issues; (3) Individual options for childbirth are desirable; (4) There is a lack of trust in maternity care; (5) Economic and ethical challenges in maternity care exist. The participants viewed CSMR as a legitimate option for some women, despite the increased medical risks, which were considered concerning but not disqualifying. Support and guidance in decision-making were considered essential by the participants. They valued continuity in care and emotional support highly. The participants expressed the views that distrust in Swedish maternity care was linked to media portrayals and inconsistent handling of CSMR. Economic and ethical concerns included questions of resource allocation and the scope of public healthcare responsibilities. The option to pay privately for a planned CS was broadly rejected by the participants. ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of CSMR and its varied perspectives. While individual risks may be low, population-level risks could rise with increased prevalence, and the perception of risk varies depending on perspective. Both medical and psychological risks should inform decisions, with counselling seen as crucial by the participants. Continuity of midwife care models may offer an alternative to CSMR for some. Stakeholders are key to ensuring clear guidelines, equal care, and trust in the system
Co-Experiential Futuring : where Speculative Design and Arts meet Futures Studies
No full textIn the face of continuous transformations in organisations, technological advancements directly impact the practice of professionals who need to (re)imagine and (re)shape their roles, workflows, and contexts. To navigate these uncertainties and collaboratively explore alternative futures, we present a collaborative method to stage hybrid design futures in organisational settings. We tested the method in a five-workshop journey in a Swedish public academy for competence development that trains healthcare practitioners such as doctors, midwives, nurses and dentists, among others. The findings and outcomes from workshops are presented in the light of a combined analytical framework of hybrid design futures. The collaborative method engaged participants to be active creators during workshops by creating physical models representing their future scenarios, writing speculative stories about their future roles, enacting ideas from their speculative fictions, and making low-fidelity prototypes of potential technological applications in their future workplace. The results suggest that the collaborative method helped participants develop their sense of agency to change and shape their futures within the organisation. The findings indicate that participants became more aware of technological roles, their capacity to own their futures, and the need to collaborate with other departments within the organisation
Comprehensive evaluations on carbon emission forecasting and effective emission reduction strategies for industrial parks in China
No full textIndustrial zones are crucial in advancing industrialization and play a vital role in achieving emission goals. According to the national climate change mitigation strategy, industrial parks are identified as central to the green transformation of the industrial sector. Taking an industrial park cluster in Jiangsu Province as the research object, this paper puts forward an integrated research framework of data-driven, scenario-simulation and dynamic optimization, and examines carbon emission forecasting and reduction strategies for the cluster. Therefore, a dynamic system model of the economy-energy-environment nexus is constructed based on accounting results and planning objectives to achieve scenario-based targets and analyze energy conservation and emission reduction potential. Furthermore, by utilizing an enhanced Kaya identity and the LEAP model, a hybrid carbon emission model is developed. The study introduces green development scenario (GDS), low-carbon development scenario (LDS), and technology development scenario (TDS) based on the baseline scenario (BAS), which is simulated through the system dynamics model, and evaluates the carbon emission status of the industrial park cluster via static scenario analysis and dynamic uncertainty simulation. The findings indicate that under the BAS, emissions for the industrial park are projected to reach 1180 MtCO2e by 2035. Compared to the BAS, the GDS, LDS, and TDS offer emission reductions of 26.2 %, 38.9 %, and 44.1 %, respectively. Dynamic simulations reveal that the TDS has an 88.0 % probability of achieving the peak target, with an average peak value of 690 MtCO2e. Consequently, the TDS constitutes the most feasible development strategy for the industrial park cluster, and the green development strategy is proposed from reducing the carbon intensity of energy supply, promoting low-carbon transformation and exploring the construction of new energy supply mode. The study provides low-carbon development recommendations based on carbon emission measurements and industrial park development plans, offering strategic insights for crafting emission reduction plans
Deadline-constrained security-aware workflow scheduling in hybrid cloud architecture
No full textA hybrid cloud is an efficient solution to deal with the problem of insufficient resources of a private cloud when computing demands increase beyond its resource capacities. Cost-efficient workflow scheduling, considering security requirements and data dependency among tasks, is a prominent issue in the hybrid cloud. To address this problem, we propose a mathematical model that minimizes the monetary cost of executing a workflow and satisfies the security requirements of tasks under a deadline. The proposed model fulfills data dependency among tasks, and data transmission time is formulated with exact mathematical expressions. The derived model is a Mixed-integer linear programming problem. We evaluate the proposed model with real-world workflows over changes in the input variables of the model, such as the deadline and security requirements. This paper also presents a post-optimality analysis that investigates the stability of the assignment problem. The experimental results show that the proposed model minimizes the cost by decreasing inter-cloud communications for dependent tasks. However, the optimal solutions are affected by the limitations that are imposed by the problem constraints.
Difficult calls to emergency medical dispatch centres - a mixed method study
No full textBackground At emergency medical dispatch centres (EMDCs) telephone triage takes place in three steps: identifying the event, assessing the callers' need for support, and prioritizing the response. Some calls are considered to be more difficult to handle than others, and decision support systems may in these situations be of limited help. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize difficult calls to EMDCs. Methods Retrospective call data from 2022 to 2023 was extracted for Registered Nurse (RN) dispatchers at three EMDCs in Sweden agreeing to participate in this mixed-method study. Categories of difficult calls were identified based on prior research and operationalized as key-word searches in the free text call notes or as indicators based on structured data. A purposeful selection of calls meeting these criteria were extracted, anonymized, and data regarding categories and the phase on the call in which they occurred then coded. A descriptive quantitative analysis was performed, and logistic regression was used to estimate the association between demographics and the likelihood of high-priority ambulance dispatch. Results Over the two-year study period, 14 included RNs handled 27,805 calls. Of these, 4888 calls (17.6%) were identified as potentially difficult calls based on free-text notes and structured data, from which 123 calls were selected for further analysis. The median age of callers were 49 years, and 49% were female. Median call duration was 5.6 min, compared to 5.1 min in the full dataset, and 39.5% of calls resulted in a lights and sirens response.Vague or unclear symptoms and psychiatric problems were the most common difficulties. These could occur in all three phases of the calls and in several of the phases in one single call, with a combination of "assessing and prioritizing" being the most common. Male sex was found to be associated with a higher likelihood of receiving an ambulance with high priority. Conclusions Difficult calls, mainly with vague or unclear symptoms and psychiatric problems, are common at EMDCs. The reason for the tendency to prioritize young males higher are seen in other contexts but not in truly high priority cases at dispatch and needs further investigation
Differentiated instruction for gifted students and their peers in Swedish mixed-ability classrooms : teachers' principles and practices
No full textThis study explores experiences of Swedish teachers implementing differentiated instruction (DI) for gifted students and their peers in mixed-ability classrooms. The rationale is to increase knowledge of this type of instruction and foster inclusive classrooms. Ten teachers (N = 10) experienced in DI and teaching gifted students were interviewed using a qualitative research design. Inductive content analysis delineated ten categories: (1) detecting and valuing differences, (2) creating a safe and joyful classroom, (3) assessing students' knowledge, (4) clarifying goals and encouraging students' ownership of learning, (5) instructing students in study skills, (6) promoting peer-to-peer interactions and group work, (7) engaging all students from the outset, (8) using flexible and open tasks, (9) providing multimodal tools alongside schoolbooks, and (10) presenting and valuing different outcomes. These categories emphasise both fundamental principles and practices at a classroom level, and constitute a DI cycle. They offer insights for implementing - or further developing - DI for gifted students and their peers in mixed-ability classrooms and are relevant to pre-service teachers, educational practitioners, policymakers, and researchers