Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av överrapportering på sjukhus : Allmän litteraturöversikt
No full textSammanfattning Bakgrund: Överrapportering av patienters omvårdnadsbehov till sjuksköterskekollegor är sjuksköterskors ansvar och en förutsättning för en god och säker omvårdnad på sjukhus, vilken sker dygnet runt. För detta kan sjuksköterskor behöva utveckla sin professionella kompetens i överrapportering och bygga goda relationer med kollegor i omvårdnadsteamet samt med patienter utifrån ett patientcentrerat ramverk. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av överrapportering på sjukhus. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt där analysen baseras på sex kvalitativa, tre kvantitativa samt en vårdvetenskaplig artikel med mixad metod. Resultat: Fem teman identifierades: Förståelse för patientens omvårdnadsbehov; Utmaningar med muntlig och elektronisk överrapportering; Möjligheter och hinder för patientdelaktighet; Värna om patientsekretess och patientens integritet samt Betydelse av kompetensutveckling. Gemensamt var att sjuksköterskor erfor att överrapporteringen gav en förståelse för patienters omvårdnadsbehov. Sjuksköterskor hade olika erfarenheter av hur de bedömde patienters och anhörigas delaktiga i överrapportering. Sjuksköterskor hade olika erfarenheter av tillvägagångssätt av överrapportering samt att det fanns behov av kompetensutveckling och träning i överrapportering. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskors ansvar är att överrapportera patienters omvårdnadsbehov för en god och säker omvårdnad. Brister i kunskap om överrapportering föranleder kompetensutveckling i överrapportering i syfte att skapa möjligheter för att bedriva en patientcentrerad omvårdnad.Background: Handover of patients' care to fellow nurses is the responsibility of nurses during handover and a prerequisite for safe care in hospitals around the clock. Nurses may need to develop their professional competence in handover, build good relationships with colleagues and with patients based on a patient-centered framework. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of handoffs in hospitals. Method: A general literature review with analysis based on six qualitative, three quantitative and one mixed-method article. Results: Five themes were identified: Understanding the patient's care needs; Challenges with verbal and electronic overreporting; Opportunities and barriers to patient participation; Protecting patient confidentiality and patient integrity and Importance of competence development. What was common was that nurses felt that handover provided an understanding of patients' care needs. Nurses had different experiences of how they assessed patients' and relatives' participation during handover. Nurses had different experiences of approaches to handover. There was a need for skills development and training in handover. Conclusions: Nurses' responsibility is to handover patients' care needs for good and safe care. Lack of knowledge about handover prompts competence development in handover in order to create opportunities for patient-centered care.
The Future of Decision-Making : A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Generative AI on Financial Decision-Making and Organizational Processes
No full textSammanfattning Datum: 2026-01-07 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 hp Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet Författare: Filip Andersson Svea Lind Titel: Framtidens beslutsfattandeHandledare:Jan KarlssonNyckelord:Generativ AI, beslutsfattning, finans, finansiella beslut, organisation, organisatoriska processer. Forskningsfrågor: (1)Hur upplever respondenterna att generativ AI påverkar deras finansiella beslut, samt hur upplever de att de organisatoriska processerna förändras när generativ AI integreras i beslutsprocesserna? (2)Hur hanterar respondenterna frågor om tillit och integritet i samband med användningen av generativ AI, och vilken betydelse har dessa faktorer för teknikens faktiska genomslag? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilken påverkan generativ AI har på företags beslutsfattande, med särskilt fokus på finansiella beslut och organisatoriska processer. Metod: En kvalitativ forskningsdesign har tillämpats där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med respondenter från olika branscher och roller inom deras organisationer. Materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys. Slutsats: Generativ AI fungerar som ett villkorat förstärkande beslutsstöd som förbättrar effektiviteten och kvaliteten i finansiella beslutsunderlag och organisatoriska processer. Tillit och integritet utgör styrande faktorer för generativ AI:s faktiska genomslag i organisatoriskt beslutsfattande.Abstract Date: 2026-01-07 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Filip Andersson Svea Lind Title: Future decision-making Supervisor: Jan Karlsson Keywords: Generative AI, decision-making, finance, financial decision, management, organisational processes. Research questions: (1) How do respondents experience that generative AI affects their financial decisions, and how do they experience that organizational processes change when generative AI is integrated into decision-making processes? (2) How do respondents address issues of trust and privacy in connection with the use of generative AI, and what significance do these factors have for the actual impact of the technology? Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of generative AI on corporate decision-making, with a particular focus on financial decisions and organizational processes. Method: A qualitative research design has been applied, where semi-structured interviews have been conducted with respondents from different industries and roles within their organizations. The material has been analyzed using thematic analysis. Conclusion: Generative AI acts as an conditionally augmenting decision support tool that enhances the efficiency and quality of financial decision inputs and organizational processes. Trust and integrity constitute governing factors shaping the actual impact of generative AI in organizational decision-making
PATIENTERS ERFARENHETER AV LÅNGA VÄNTETIDER PÅ AKUTMOTTAGNINGEN : En allmän litteraturöversikt
No full textBackground: Long waiting times at emergency departments are a well-known challenge within healthcare and affect patient experience and the working conditions of healthcare professionals. Emergency departments are increasingly characterized by overcrowded and confined environments, where patients remain for longer periods. Previous research indicates that prolonged waiting is associated with increased anxiety, frustration, and feelings of neglect among patients. Lack of information, limited communication, and insufficient involvement can intensify these negative experiences, while respectful encounters and continuous updates may reduce perceived distress. Method: A general literature review based on eleven scientific articles, including both qualitative and quantitative studies. The articles were analyzed and compared regarding the aim, method, and results. Result: Three main themes were identified: Patient’s experiences of communication, Patient’s experiences of interaction and Patient’s experiences of the care environment during overcrowding. Conclusion: Patients' experiences of waiting times are influenced not only by the actual duration of the wait but largely by how they are treated. Clear communication, continuous information, and a person-centered approach can reduce feelings of insecurity and care related suffering. Overcrowding and high workload limit the ability to provide person centered care, highlighting the need for structural improvements and strengthened nursing communication strategies.
”När alla vill hitta en lösning…” : En kvalitativ studie om SIG-samordnares erfarenheter av samverkan i det brottsförebyggande arbetet mot ungdomskriminalitet
No full textI det brottsförebyggande arbetet mot ungdomskriminalitet är samverkan en viktig nyckel. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar således till att undersöka hur SIG-samordnare uppfattar samverkan i det brottsförebyggande arbetet med ungdomskriminalitet. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka framgångsfaktorer och utmaningar som påverkar samverkan samt vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter som SIG-samordnarna uppfattar finns. Utifrån syftet har en kvalitativ ansats valts för uppsatsen där 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med SIG-samordnare från 6 olika kommuner och en stadsdel, vilka har analyserats tematiskt. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning samt två teoretiska utgångspunkter; systemteori med samverkansprocessen som modell, och resursberoendeteorin. Resultatet visar att SIG-samordnarna upplever samverkan som en central del i det brottsförebyggande arbetet. Framgångsfaktorerna har visat sig vara engagemang, förtroende, samsyn och gemensamma mål, samtycke, kompetens samt kontinuitet mellan deltagande aktörer. Särskilt sekretessregler, bristande samsyn och engagemang framträder som centrala utmaningar, tillsammans med faktorer såsom mandat, organisatoriska begränsningar, motivation och mottaglighet. Slutligen har intervjupersonerna lyft utvecklingsmöjligheter såsom att SIG ska påbörjas kring ungdomen i ett tidigare skede, mer tid och resurser, kompetenshöja aktörerna, stärka de teoretiska ramarna kring arbetet samt ge beslutsfattare ökad förståelse kring SIG. Nyckelord: samverkan, sociala insatsgrupper (SIG), brottsförebyggande arbete, samsynCollaboration is considered a key component in crime prevention work targeting youth crime. This qualitative study aims to explore how SIG-coordinators perceive collaboration in crime prevention work involving young people. The study also examines perceived success factors and challenges affecting collaboration, as well as development opportunities identified by the coordinators. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving eight semi-structured interviews with SIG coordinators from six municipalities and one city district. The interviews were analyzed thematically. The analysis was conducted by previous research and two theoretical points of departure: systems theory, using collaboration process as an analytical model, and resource dependency theory. The results indicate that SIG-coordinators perceive collaboration as a central element of crime prevention work. Identified success factors include commitment, trust, consensus and shared goals, consent, professional competence and continuity among participation actors. Confidentiality regulations, together with a lack of consensus and commitment between actors, emerge as particularly central challenges, alongside factors such as mandate, organizational constraints, motivation and receptivity. Finally, the coordinators highlight development opportunities, including initiating SIG interventions at an earlier stage, allocating more time and resources, strengthening actor’s competence, reinforcing the theoretical frameworks guiding SIG work, and increasing decision-makers understanding of SIG. Keywords: collaboration, social action groups (SIG), crime prevention work, consensu
Using AI to Automate Security Diagram Generation for Smart Systems
No full textSmart systems increasingly depend on complex, distributed architectures that integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cyber-physical components, cloud and edge computing platforms, and heterogeneous communication infrastructures. While these architectures enable advanced automation and real-time decision-making, they also introduce substantial security challenges stemming from intricate data flows, implicit trust assumptions, and dynamically evolving system boundaries. Addressing these challenges requires early-stage security analysis supported by accurate and structurally sound architectural models. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) constitute a fundamental artifact in design-time security engineering and are widely employed as the basis for STRIDE-based threat modelling. However, constructing high-quality DFDs remains a manual, time-consuming, and expertise-dependent task, particularly for complex smart systems described primarily through informal natural language specifications, with quality often varying depending on analyst experience. This thesis investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of using large language models (LLMs) to support the automated generation of security-oriented Data Flow Diagrams from natural language system descriptions. A hybrid methodology is proposed that combines AI-based semantic extraction with deterministic architectural constraints to ensure structural validity and compatibility with industrial threat modeling tools, specifically the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool. The approach focuses on assisting early modeling stages rather than fully automating security analysis. The proposed system is evaluated through a comparative empirical study involving ten representative smart systems across multiple domains. AI-generated DFDs are systematically compared with human-engineered reference models in terms of structural properties, STRIDE-based threat coverage, semantic alignment of identified threats, and modeling efficiency. The results demonstrate that the AI-assisted approach achieves substantial threat coverage relative to expert-designed models while significantly reducing modeling effort, although limitations remain in capturing context-dependent and implicit security assumptions. This work demonstrates that AI-assisted DFD generation can support early-stage threat modeling in controlled evaluation settings, achieving 73% of human threat coverage across 10 test systems. However, the approach has significant limitations: training on predominantly synthetic data (89.6%), no direct tool integration, and gaps in context-dependent threat identification (Spoofing: -36%, Repudiation: -36%). Further validation with authentic industrial documentation and larger sample sizes is required before practical deployment. By combining automated semantic inference with established security engineering practices and human oversight, the proposed approach contributes toward more accessible, repeatable, and industry-relevant security analysis workflows
Exploring the Dynamics of Customer Satisfaction : - the Emerging Role of Perceived Sustainability
No full textExploring the Dynamics of Customer Satisfaction – the Emerging Role of Perceived Sustainability, aims to advance the understanding of the dynamics of customer satisfaction by examining both its drivers and the use of customer satisfaction measures. This thesis describes the user-based quality management perspective and the emergence of customer satisfaction measures. Customer satisfaction is highlighted as a key organizational indicator, showing a positive relationship with financial indicators, and the ability to facilitate value in use. The use of both customer satisfaction, and the user-based perspective, in fields such as quality management and innovation, is also described. Sustainability is further highlighted as a concept to which the user-based perspective could be extended. Thus, potentially transforming organizational sustainability initiatives from a regulatory obligation, a license to produce, into a driver of customer satisfaction, and a source of competitive advantage. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, this thesis explores customer satisfaction models’ drivers, examined the use of customer satisfaction measurements, investigated how an extended customer satisfaction model may be established, and to what extent the model is influenced by adding a construct of perceived sustainability. Both data and structural customer satisfaction model are appended from the Nordic market research agency EPSI Rating. Estimation of customer satisfaction drivers is mainly performed by using the Partial Least Squares Path Modelling technique. The findings show how a construct of perceived sustainability may be developed and add empirical data exploring the drivers of customer satisfaction. A customer satisfaction model is further evaluated by adding the developed construct of perceived sustainability, showing favourable fit and increased predictive power in the manifest customer satisfaction items. Especially regarding items considering the customer’s view of an ideal actor. Insights about how organizations may utilize measures based on customer perceptions are also discussed. Further highlighting the importance of focusing on the recipient’s needs and wants when planning to engage in measuring customer satisfaction. For scholars, this thesis shows how a construct of perceived sustainability may be developed and add empirical data clarifying the drivers of customer satisfaction. This thesis also shows how customer satisfaction measures are being applied in practice and the importance of considering all direct and indirect interactions within the customer experience. Simply stated, the importance of considering the dynamics of customer satisfaction. For practitioners, this thesis provides insights about how organizations can enhance customer satisfaction and shows that sustainability, when analysed as a part of the customer experience, may be transformed from a strict regulatory obligation, into a source of competitive advantage. Future research is suggested to examine how the results of this thesis could be enhanced by adding a time perspective and how the results could be applied in different fields of research. For example, as tools to examine market disruptions. New ways to estimate drivers of customer satisfaction are further suggested to advance the understanding of the customer experience and to extend the findings of this thesis
Det var som en annan sorts skola : En fenomenografisk studie om ungdomars retrospektiva uppfattningar av stöd, lärmiljö och delaktighet i särskilda undervisningsgrupper och ordinarie undervisning
No full textStudiens syfte var att bidra med fördjupad kunskap om hur ungdomar retrospektivt beskriver sin tid i särskilda undervisningsgrupper (SUG) under högstadiet i relation till den ordinarie undervisningsgruppen, med fokus på stöd, lärmiljö och delaktighet. Studien inspirerades av en fenomenografisk ansats och byggde på semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio ungdomar. Resultatet visade ett utfallsrum med fem beskrivningskategorier som belyser variationen i ungdomars erfarenheter. Den ordinarie undervisningsgruppen beskrevs ofta som en överbelastad lärmiljö med otillräckligt stöd, medan SUG framträdde som mer hanterbar genom tryggare relationer, mindre grupper och tydligare anpassningar. Samtidigt synliggjordes ett spänningsfält mellan behovet av anpassat stöd och viljan att tillhöra den ordinarie sociala gemenskapen. Slutsatsen är att det framför allt är kvaliteten i de pedagogiska förutsättningarna, särskilt trygga relationer, flexibla anpassningar och en tydlig struktur som formar ungdomarnas upplevelser av lärande och delaktighet. I ungdomarnas erfarenheter har dessa förutsättningar i högre grad möjliggjorts inom ramen för särskild undervisningsgrupp snarare än genom placering eller gruppstorlek i sig
STÄNGDA RUM OCH KLASS : En tematisk narrativ analys om klass och klasskonflikt i svensk skönlitteratur
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att analysera narrativen om klass och klasskonflikt i svensk skönlitteratur. Målet är att fånga själva framställningen och beskrivningen av det. Undersökningen som genomförs är en narrativ analys, mer specifikt en tematisk analys. Det innebär att studiens fokus ligger på vad texten säger och vilka teman finns där. För att kunna analysera klasskonflikter används Bourdieus teori om habitus och smak samt hur dessa kan användas för att genomföra klassificeringar. I resultatet analyseras, med hjälp av Bourdieus teorier och begrepp, materialet i Ondskan, Snabba cash, Mig äger ingen, Ett öga rött och En nästan vanlig man. Studien skildrar tre teman, stängda rum, den eviga kampen och den klassbetingade kroppen. De två första teman är centrala för att illustrera hur karaktärerna särskiljer sig från varandra, skapar klass och upprätthåller social reproduktion men också kämpar om Doxa. Det sista temat visar hur klass uttrycks genom kläder men också skildringar av hur kroppen kopplas till arbetarklassen.
How Practices Become Knowable : Towards a Practice Hermeneutics
No full textThis paper asks how practices become knowable in empirical research. Practice theories conceive of social life as organised through nexuses of doings and sayings, but studying those nexuses requires representing them. The resulting tension – how to make practices visible without reducing them to representations – defines the epistemic challenge of practice-based enquiry. Drawing on Dimitri Ginev’s hermeneutic theory of social practices, I develop ‘practice hermeneutics’: an interpretative framework that clarifies how researchers might disclose practices by interpreting their traces. This approach explicates the hermeneutic movement between familiarity and articulation – the circle through which practices become intelligible – and proposes standards of disclosive adequacy for empirical work. By showing how enquiry itself unfolds within the same world of practices it seeks to understand, the paper advances a hermeneutic foundation for practice research and invites further exploration of its methodological implications
PFAS REMOVAL FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER USING FOAM FRACTIONATION : Experimental evaluation of foam fractionation with additives at different treatment stages
No full textThis degree project investigates the removal of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water using foam fractionation, with a focus on how aeration conditions influence removal efficiency and energy use. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out at Stockholm Water Innovation Centre using a foam fractionation column operated with both coarse and fine aeration at different airflow rates. PFAS concentrations were analysed to assess removal, enrichment, and mass balance, and energy consumption was estimated based on compressor operation. The results showed that PFAS removal was strongly affected by bubble size and airflow rate. Fine aeration generally achieved higher removal efficiencies but was more sensitive to operating conditions, while coarse aeration provided more stable but lower removal. The energy required to treat the same volume of water was similar between operating conditions