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Afforestation as an Option to Reduce Desertification in Salah al-Din Governorate Challenges and Solutions
Full text linkAfforestation is one of the most important factors that contribute to combating desertification. It is the first link in destroying or building the ecosystem. The presence of trees is able to enhance the biological capacity of the land. Reduce dust storms. And the determinant in the climate changes that worry the world. Therefore, the enactment of laws that prevent unauthorized cutting of trees, and the holding of conferences and seminars on a global scale began with the necessity of rapid action in the face of the great shortage in numbers of trees. Countries began to establish campaigns to plant millions of trees annually.
And in implementation of the requirements of the United Nations Convention on Desertification, to which Iraq joined in the year 2009, the National Action Program was established in Iraq to draw up the ten-year strategic plan 2008-2018, and it showed great seriousness in finding ways to reduce desertification, as well as to fulfill its obligations towards international environmental agreements. The program concluded that: 92% of the area of Iraq is threatened by desertification, which is considered a warning bell that calls for effective and rapid action to curb this environmental problem.
Salah al-Din governorate, like the rest of Iraq, suffers from the spread of desertification in a large way, as it is among the central governorates north of the capital, Baghdad. It is astronomically located at 43.35 longitude and 34.27 latitude. Its population is about 1,500,000 according to the 2014 census, and its area is approximately 11,000,000 dunums. This is due to the joining of some areas from the neighboring governorates administratively, and sometimes their exit as well. The arable area is 6,085,932 dunums. As for the lands that are desertified and threatened with desertification, they amount to 5,372,334 dunums, and there is a significant deterioration in the natural pastures, which have an area of 1,782,239 acres.
Therefore, this study was to find out the number of trees that should be planted by knowing the area of lands threatened with desertification in the governorate. It was estimated according to the minimum number of trees in each dunum, which was agreed upon by a scientist. It was 58,000,000 trees. When starting to draw up a plan to plant this number of trees, there were three problems. Major, which is that it needs allocations of up to 800 billion and large numbers of human resources. If a million trees are planted, which is what all of Iraq aspires to plant in the field of desertification, we need 58 years to reach the goal. This is if the project was adopted by the government sector
Therefore, there was an option to involve the landowners in the afforestation program, where the state imposes the planting of a certain number of trees annually on each agricultural holding within the areas threatened with desertification, provided that the state supplies the seedlings free of charge with an irrigation system. When studying it, it was found that there are about 40,000 artesian wells distributed throughout the region, and if only 500 trees are planted for each well, it means that we can plant 20 million trees without large financial allocations. The government sector adopted the implementation of planting the same number of trees
This requires developing a program to implement this project with the participation of all ministries and agencies in order to reach a mechanism for implementing this study, and among its procedures is to stop all administrative transactions for the farmer unless the owner of the holding is committed to implementing the planting of the required number of trees
The Effect of Local Fertilizers, Mineral Fertilizers and Biopreparations on the Agrophysical Properties of the Soil and the Phosphorus and Potassium Fractions in the Cultivation of White Cabbage
Full text linkIn this article, a description of cabbage with a delicious taste, rich in vitamins and biological substances, which is currently grown as a vegetable crop in the Republic of Uzbekistan. White cabbage is consumed fresh and processed throughout the year. It has dietary and therapeutic properties. It is consumed by people with heart disease, obese people, and those who are sick. Its juice is used in the treatment of inflammation of the stomach. and it is stated that it has a good effect on cabbage yield and product quality when it is fed with the method of fertilization Biopreparation 30 l/hа + N-150, Р-150, K-100 in its cultivation
The Epizology of Cattle and Sheep Helminthoz in some Districts of Samarkand and Kashkadarya Regions
Full text linkThis article describes the helminthos found in cattle, sheep, and cattle raised in the Taylok, Urgut, Bulungur, and Ishtikhan regions of the Samarkand, cattle ranches in the book and Guzar districts of the Kashkadarya region, and in the households of the population.
 
Some Medicinal Plants and Their Ways of Using Them for Medication
Full text linkMedical plants are defined as plants with medical advantages and characteristics capable of healing and treating the human and animal body from disease. Throughout history, medicinal plants have been utilized as a primary therapy for a wide range of disorders in diverse cultures. This is especially true in Africa and emerging nations, where 80% of the world's population still employs these plants in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. Medical plants possess many biological properties that need to be detected, identified and documented for safe use and to guide others on how to use them, with some powerful medical plants having harmful side effects on humans and animals and sometimes potentially toxic to the destruction of body organs. Since the beginning of time, medicinal plants have been found and utilized in traditional medicine. Hundreds of chemical components of plants that may be exploited to control fungus, insects, and illnesses were synthesized by them. Numerous phytochemicals with demonstrated or possible bioactivity have been found, but the fact that a large number of diverse chemicals are owned by a plant has made the use of the plant completely ineffective and has hindered microscientific research aimed at establishing the efficacy and safety of these compounds by evaluating their activities in several plants
Morphological and Biological Development of Fasciola Hepatica Larvae in a Mollusk
Full text linkThe article presents an analysis of literary data on the gastropod mollusk family Lymnaedae, which is an intermediate host of fasciolae, as well as the results of studies conducted in 2010-2023 on the stages of development of fasciolae parthenites in the body of mollusks
Assessing the Resilience of Iraq’s Climate Change Adaptation
Full text linkThis study investigates the resilience of Iraq's water sector to climate change, given the vulnerability of water resources to shifting weather patterns. Analyzing data from the National Center for Water Management, we examine annual and monthly variations in water supplies from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Results indicate significant fluctuations in annual income, ranging from 30 to 93 billion cubic meters, suggesting pronounced year-to-year variability. Moreover, disparities in river flow between the Tigris and Euphrates are observed, with implications for regional water availability. Temperature and precipitation trends in key cities—Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, and Basra—are analyzed, revealing rising temperatures and declining precipitation across all regions. Notably, Mosul and Rutba experience lower temperatures but higher total precipitation compared to Baghdad and Basra. Despite these differences, overall precipitation is decreasing. With Iraq's population projected to grow by 1% annually, understanding the resilience of its water sector to climate change is critical for addressing future challenges in agriculture and food security. This study underscores the urgent need for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on water resources in Iraq
Optimizing Defoliation to Enhance Yield in Medium Fiber Cotton Varieties
Full text linkThis study investigates the growth and yield characteristics of S-8290 and S-6775 cotton varieties in the grassland soils of the Fergana region. Despite the extensive cultivation of these varieties, detailed comparative growth data under specific defoliation conditions are sparse. The research aims to fill this gap by evaluating plant height, leaf number, and bud development under two defoliation backgrounds. In S-8290, with 50-60% cotton opening, the plants averaged 92.7 cm in height, 33.3 leaves per stem, and 12.7 buds, with 55.5% opened and 1.6% half-opened. For S-6775, pre-defoliation plants were 96.3 cm tall with 36.0 leaves and 12.5 buds, of which 33.9% were opened and 2.5% half-opened. Under 50-60% defoliation, S-6775 plants averaged 96.8 cm in height, 36.8 leaves, and 12.3 buds, with 53.6% opened and 1.9% half-opened. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimal defoliation conditions to maximize yield and quality in these cotton varieties
Innovative Pipeline Solution for Water Scarcity in Iraq
Full text linkThis project aims to transport potable water from Mosul Dam Lake to Basra Governorate via a pipeline designed to meet specific engineering requirements. The pipeline intersects reservoirs in central and southern governorates, supporting the Shatt al-Arab using the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The route, optimized through spatial data analysis, leverages topographical inclines for efficient water flow. The project addresses a critical need for potable water in central and southern regions, functions as an emergency backup for potential dam failures along the Tigris, and operates to maintain urban water quality amidst river pollution. Additionally, the pipeline's interior routing mitigates risks from terrorism and evaporation. Employing artificial intelligence in project management ensures cost-effective and efficient pipeline administration. This study highlights the innovative approach to water transport, addressing health, environmental, and security challenges, and filling a significant gap in regional water resource management
Specific Characteristics of Clinical and Laboratory Changes in the Course of Arterial Hypertension Against the Background of Diabetes
Full text linkArterial hypertension (AH) is one of the leading problems in cardiology, determining the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1,2]. Prevalence of hypertension among adults. Increasing levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events [5]
Гипермобильность Медиального Мениска: Индивидуальный Подход И Практика Артроскопического Восстановления
Full text linkВ данной статье представлен обзор опыта и результатов артроскопического лечения пациентов с гипермобильностью медиального мениска. Исследование включало 34 пациента, которым проведено артроскопическое восстановление мениска методикой "все внутри". Наблюдение за пациентами продолжалось до трех лет. Результаты показывают отсутствие необходимости в ревизионных операциях, подчеркивая стабильность эффекта в течение длительного периода. Субъективные оценки, основанные на шкале IKDC, демонстрируют значительное улучшение от 54,11 до 84,56 (p < 0,005). Осложнения были минимальными, включая ограничение подвижности и болевой синдром. Работа подчеркивает важность индивидуализированного подхода к пациентам с учетом весовых характеристик и поддерживает эффективность артроскопического восстановления мениска при гипермобильности, выдвигая новые перспективы в области хирургии коленного сустава