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Hyperprolactinemia in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Baghdad, Iraq, 2023
Get PDFBackground: Hyperprolactinemia is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The common causes of hyperprolactinemia can be medications, hypothyroidism, and pituitary disorders. Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia are found to be closely interrelated. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been reported in a wide range of 0%– 40% of hypothyroid patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Bagdad, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and in the diabetes and endocrinology center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital for nine months. A total of 95 patients who were diagnosed with SCH were recruited in this study. SCH was diagnosed when there are no specific symptoms or signs of thyroid dysfunction, but the patient has an elevated serum TSH in the face of normal circulating thyroid hormone levels. A study questionnaire was designed, and it included baseline characteristics and signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Seven ml of fasting blood samples was taken from all the studied patients and sent to the laboratory to measure the required biochemical parameters. Student t-test was used for comparison, and quantitative data were stated as the mean and standard deviation. Pearson correlation was calculated for the correlation between two quantitative variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was 21.1%. The proportion of hyperprolactinemia was significantly higher among female patients compared to that in male patients. The mean level of TSH was significantly higher in patients with high prolactin levels when compared to those with normal prolactin levels. On the other hand, the mean levels of pulse rate, T3, and LH were significantly lower in patients with high prolactin levels than that in patients with normal prolactin levels.
Conclusions: Hyperprolactinemia is a considerable problem in patients who complained from SCH, especially in females. The most common signs and symptoms associated with hyperprolactinemia are dry skin, weight gain, constipation, psychosis madness, menorrhagia, and galactorrhea. Evaluation of serum prolactin levels in patients with SCH, especially those with the associated signs and symptoms, is recommended
Role of Ivermectin and Colchicine in Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Get PDFObjective: To assess the effectiveness of ivermectin and colchicine as treatment options for COVID-19. Patients and methods: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in triage clinic of family medicine department at Ain Shams University Hospitals on participants who had been diagnosed as COVID-19 patients with moderate severity. Patients aged <18 years or >65 years with any co-morbidities, pregnant or lactating female and with mild or severe COVID-19 confirmed cases were excluded. Randomization was done by using sealed envelopes for intervention or control. Patients are followed up to improvement of patient’s symptoms with no development of new symptoms over one month. Results: A total of 120 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study, 40 patients in each arm. Their mean age was 40.16(SD 10.74) years. Out of them, 44 (36.6%) were male, 76(63.4%) were female. Mean duration of symptoms was 9.58 (SD 2.206), 9.9 (SD 2.07), and 9.53 (SD 2.37) in the ivermectin, colchicine and control groups, respectively. Most patients (67.5%, 70% and 72.5%) cured with residual symptoms with no difference in between the ivermectin, colchicine and control groups, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ivermectin and colchicine have no beneficial effect over the standard care in treatment of COVID-19
Determining the Optimal Planting Dates for White Cabbage in the Early Time
Get PDFin the article, the results of the research carried out in order to determine the optimal sowing dates of white cabbage in the future are presented in a state of deep scientific analysis. The article also provides valuable information on the effect of different planting dates on cabbage plant leaf number, leaf band length and leaf weight, cabbage weight and yield
Lepidoptera of Kampirtepa and Tangidara Branch of Surkhan State Reserve
Get PDFThe article provides information about lepidopterax living in the Kampirtepa and Tangidara areas of the Surkhan State Reserve. Special nets were used to collect butterflies. A collection was prepared from the collected materials. Specifiers are used to determine species composition. Among the representatives of the order Lepidoptera, many species belonging to the family Nymphalidae have been identified
Increasing the Operational Efficiency of Mobile Agricultural Loaders
Get PDFHydraulic arrangements' melding grants refined command over diverse actions thus amplifying efficacy coupled with productive outcomes upon environments designated to laborious undertakings whereas paper's further sections elaborate varying deployments characterizing said machines across sectors nameable beside constructing works yet extending also onto utilities management following landscaping domains pursuing agricultural efforts amid municipal upkeep practices being outlined too due sheer versatility permitting critical interventions tasks alike hollow making tunnel building landscaping laying teeter-tottering items lifting merged into hauling events showcasing indisputably essential nature occupied by them
Impact of Seeding Rates and Kinetin Levels on Barley Physiology and Yield
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted in the Al-Jazeera area, near Tikrit, to investigate the effects of seeding rates and kinetin levels on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Shu'a. Despite extensive research on barley growth, the optimal seeding rates and kinetin applications remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the best seeding rate and kinetin concentration to enhance barley's physiological traits and yield. Using a randomized complete block design with three replications, two seeding rates (160, 180 kg ha-1) and three kinetin levels (75, 50, 0 mg L-1) were tested. Results showed that a seeding rate of 160 kg ha-1 significantly improved the absolute growth rate (0.17994 mg day-1), relative growth rate (16.675 mg g-1 day-1), and thousand-seed weight (35.91 g). Kinetin at 75 mg L-1 outperformed other concentrations, enhancing absolute growth rate (0.18781 mg day-1), relative growth rate (16.827 mg g-1 day-1), grains per spike (38.299 spike-1), and thousand-seed weight (39.880 g). The findings suggest that 160 kg ha-1 seeding rate and 75 mg L-1 kinetin concentration optimize barley growth and yield, providing practical implications for barley cultivation practices
The Effect of Natural Extracts and Tea Compost on the Vegetative Growth of Carnation Plants Stressed by Heavy Elements
Get PDFA factorial experiment was carried out in the greenhouses that were implemented for this purpose to study the ability of the accumulation and resistance of the carnation plants to growth in soil contaminated with toxic elements and plant treatment using natural extracts and treatment with different ratio of biological organic aquatic extracts. The experiment included the use of three factors, the first factor included treating the plants with two types of extracts (licorice root and malt seed) in addition to the control treatment, while the second factor included treating the planting soil with two ratio of tea compost (1/5 and 1/10), while the third factor included treating the potting soil with heavy elements. Copper, lead and their mixture at a concentration of 5 mg L-1, follow the design of C.R.D. In the study experiment, there were three replicates, and each replicate included 3 experimental units. The results of the study showed that the study factors had a significant effect on the studied vegetative growth characteristics. The triple interaction treatment (licorice extract and 5/1 ratio of tea compost for non-stressed plants) had a significant superiority in plant height, number of leaves, number of vegetative branches, and chlorophyll content of leaves with an average of (23.67cm, 64.33 leaves, 11.33 branches, and 42.00 SPAD), while the treatment (spraying unstressed plants with licorice extract without adding tea compost) achieved the highest average dry weight of vegetative growth, with an average of 11.816 gm
History of Construction of Hydraulic Structures and Its General Concepts
Get PDFThe article entitled “A Brief History of the Construction of Hydraulic Structures and General Concepts about Hydraulic Structures” contains historical information about canals located in the geographical areas of Central Asia, their water sources, as well as scientific facts about water supply technology. Storage in these canals, as well as the basics and concepts of the construction of hydraulic structures
Analysis of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution of Honey and Honey Wines
Get PDFThis study explores the influence of amino acids released during pollen fermentation on the sensory attributes of honey wine. Fermented and non-fermented pollen were introduced into a 20% aqueous honey solution prior to alcoholic fermentation. Analysis revealed a decrease in amino acid levels post-fermentation, accompanied by an increase in higher alcohols, ethers, and acetaldehydes compared to the control. Notably, honey wine fermented with fermented flower pollen exhibited heightened volatile substance content, enhancing its taste and aroma profile. These findings underscore the significant role of pollen fermentation in shaping the sensory characteristics of honey wine
The Role of Amir Temur in the History of Europe
Get PDFAmir Temur, also known as Tamerlane, was one of the most influential figures in history and had a lasting influence on Europe. Through his military invasions and diplomatic tactics, he changed the political landscape of the region. This article examines various aspects of Amir Temur's role in European history