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The Peculiarities of Using Aphorisms in Context
Full text linkAphorisms have long been the subject of research. The analysis of aphorisms was carried out based on the work of individual authors, their collections, as well as individual thematic groups of aphorisms. The research was based on material from various languages; aphorisms were examined from the ancient era to the present. Aphorisms as a topic of research represent rich material, the relevance of which for philologists is undeniable. The subject of our research is the analysis of the linguistic-stylistic features of the aphorism genre from the perspective of text theory
THE FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS EXPRESSING SOCIO-CULTURAL REALITY IN THE KARAKALPAK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Full text linkThis article examines the peculiarities of phraseological units expressing socio-cultural reality in the Karakalpak and English languages. Phraseological units are an important part of language and reflect the cultural characteristics of the people. The article discusses differences in the use of phraseological units in Karakalpak and English, as well as the cultural contexts associated with them. The result of the research emphasizes the importance of studying phraseological units and their cultural specificities for successful communication in a foreign language
Assessing Kufa University EFL Students’ Awareness of Lexical and Grammatical Collocation in English
Full text linkThis study is an attempt to assess Kufa University EFL students’ awareness of lexical and grammatical collocation in English. It concerns itself with identifying which aspect of collocation is more or less challenging for the students. Thus, this study aims to find out whether there are significant differences between the participants’ performance with respect to both lexical and grammatical collocations in three colleges at the University of Kufa- namely: College of Languages, College of Arts and College of Education.
Therefore, a test comprising 20 multiple-choice items concerning both types of collocation has been administered to a sample of 30 students randomly and equally selected from the three aforementioned colleges (10 participants from each college).
The test results have validated the study hypothesis that Kufa University EFL students’ knowledge of both types of collocation is inadequate and lacking. Notwithstanding, findings of the study have demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference regarding students’ performance on the test. Students performed well better on the lexical collocations test items than on the grammatical ones, which also proves the study's other hypothesis
Flipping the Script: Enhancing Research Writing Through Innovative Introduction Strategies
Full text linkThe traditional model of research paper writing often begins with a conventional and somewhat predictable Introduction section. However, there is a growing interest in innovative approaches to engage students and foster a deeper understanding of the research process. This study investigates the effectiveness of flipping the traditional subject of the Introduction, emphasizing creativity and engagement. A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess student learning outcomes and perceptions of the flipped introduction strategy. Findings suggest that flipping the subject of Introduction positively impacts student engagement and the quality of research writing. Implications for research writing pedagogy are discussed
Psychoanalytic Study of Literature in the Novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata and its Implications for Literature Learning
Full text linkThe problems in this research are (1) What are the structural elements that build the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata? (2) What is the character of the main character in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata? (3) What are the implications of the learning model for the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata in learning literary appreciation in class VIII junior high school? The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. The research results are as follows: 1. The structure of the novel Laskar Pelangi is (a) Theme; This novel has a theme about education. (b) Characterization; The main characters in this novel are Ikal (aku), Lintang and Mahar (c) Setting; Muhammadiah School, Building, PN School, (d) Point of View; My point of view as the main character. (e) Mandate; gratitude in life, teachings 2. Viewed from a literary psychology perspective, the characters in the novel Laskar Pelangi use a deepening of Sigmund Freud's theory, regarding the elements of personality (id, ego, and superego), it can be understood the character formation of each character: (a) Curls ; Ikal's character in his soul, id can be defeated with super ego. The 'I' character doesn't just want to beat Lintang's character in terms of intelligence, if Ikal's id is very strong, maybe he will hate or even not want to be friends with his deskmate anymore because feel defeated, but the super ego defeats the id. (b) Latitude; Ego is a psychological aspect of personality that arises from the individual's need to relate well to the real world. Lintang has an id, namely extraordinary intelligence that he was born with coupled with his passionate ego. His enthusiasm for learning was to uplift his very poor family. makes him very enthusiastic about learning. However, the super ego itself makes Lintang no longer carry on his id and ego. 3. Implications of the Cultural and Educational values contained in the Novel Laskar Pelangi which need to be emulated and taught in literature learning at school, namely: Religious Values, Social Values, Moral or Ethical Values and Aesthetic Value
Pedagogical Ideas of the Work “Timur’s Rules”
Full text linkThis article provides information about pedagogical ideas in Amir Temur’s work “Timur’s Rules”. In particular, the study of the cultural heritage left by thinkers is both the responsibility and duty of each family member, the creation by Amir Temur of a centralized state in Movaraunnahr, his contribution to the development of science, culture and education, Amir Temur always expressed “Humanity” and “Courage is glorified by God, and the people
Investigation of the Etiological Bacterial Agent among Patients Suffering from Uropathogenic and Incisional Infections
Full text linkUropathogenic or Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and incisional surgical site infection (incisional SSI) are a worsening trouble among patients. Objective: Investigate the etiological bacterial agents in patients suffering from uropathogenic and incisional infection. Methods: The study specimens included a total of 52 specimens were gathered randomly from (males and females) patients, aged (1-80) years, in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Muthanna Governorate. 19 Midstream sample of urine &33 specimens were gathered aseptically from the incisional sites of patients doubtful to infect with SSIs after Surgery when patients were observation for symptoms and signs of SSIs during hospitalization. Urine sample and pus swabs were immediately brought to the medical microbiology laboratory for test. Results: The isolation rate of Gram-negative bacteria of uropathogenic isolates in this study was 11 (57.89%) greater than Gram-positive bacteria 8 (42.11%); but there is no a statistically significant difference between them. Whereas there is a statistical significant difference between the isolation rate of Gram-positive bacteria of incisional SSIs isolates in this study was 23 (69.697%) and Gram-negative bacteria 10 (30.303%) at p-value less than 0.05. Conclusions: these finding has clarified a major contribution of gram-negative bacterial isolates E. coli was the most dominant urinary tract infection pathogen among the study's participants, according to the study's findings. This could lead to lengthy hospital lodging, high recurrence and high health care costs. Whereas most predominant etiological agent of incisional SSIs was gram positive S. aureus
 
Effect of Silymarin on the Levels of Thyroid Hormones in Rats Induced Hypothyroidism by Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to identify any potential protective benefits of silymarin against the thyroid-damaging effects of PTU in male rats, with a focus on antioxidants and thyroid hormones. The following is the breakdown of the six groups comprised of four male rats with an average weight of 190 ± 10 grammes and an age of 90 days: C: For 30 days, 10 male rats in the control group were given distilled water orally. Phase 1: Ten male rats were given PTU (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Subject 2: Ten male rats were given silymarin orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 30 days. T3: 10 male rats were given PTU (10 mg/kg b.w.) and Silymarin (200 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Rats given PTU or silymarin had significantly different thyroid hormone levels, according to the present study. These results show that silymarin may have the ability to regulate thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroidism caused by PTU and imply that there is a complicated interaction between the three factors. To further understand how silymarin works and how long it takes to see results in treating thyroid diseases, more studies are required. Research also shows that silymarin may help with PTU-induced hypothyroidism by increasing GSH levels, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and improving antioxidant enzyme activity. One possible way to combat the oxidative stress that hypothyroidism causes is to take silymarin supplements. To further understand how silymarin works and how long it takes to see results in treating thyroid diseases, more studies are required
A Framework for Patient-Centric Consent Management Using Blockchain Smart Contracts in Predictive Analysis for Healthcare Industry
Full text linkThis paper explores the development and evaluation of a blockchain-powered consent management system designed to enhance patient autonomy and security in healthcare predictive analytics. By leveraging blockchain technology, the proposed system introduces a robust framework for managing patient consent in a transparent, immutable, and secure manner. The system architecture prioritizes patient privacy, incorporating a permissioned blockchain model, Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism, and smart contracts with detailed consent logic. These elements facilitate a dynamic and user-centric approach to consent management, allowing patients to grant, revoke, or modify their consent in real time. A pilot study and simulated environment are proposed to evaluate the system's usability, security, and timeliness of consent updates. The anticipated outcomes suggest significant improvements in patient control over health data, compliance with regulatory standards, and auditability of consent actions. This research underscores the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize consent management in healthcare, promising a future where patient data is managed with unparalleled integrity and respect
Educational Program Boosts Constipation Knowledge in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Full text linkConstipation is a prevalent condition causing substantial morbidity and commonly presenting to healthcare providers, with associations reported between constipation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of an instructional program on constipation knowledge in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Conducted at Nasiriyah Heart Center from January 2, 2023, to March 19, 2024, this quantitative, quasi-experimental study used purposive sampling to select 64 CAD patients with constipation. These were divided into a study group (n=32) and a control group (n=32). The program's content validity and the knowledge test were confirmed by a panel of 17 experts, and reliability was assessed using a test-retest approach. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 25 revealed highly significant differences in knowledge scores between pre- and post-tests and between the study and control groups (p<0.01). The study group's mean knowledge score improved from 1.56 to 2.50, while the control group's score remained virtually unchanged (1.57 to 1.62). The instructional program significantly enhanced patients' knowledge about constipation. The study recommends broad health education efforts on constipation, physical activity, dietary intake, and toileting habits through various media to elevate patients' knowledge