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Condition of Oral Cavity Tissues in Patients with Liver and Biliary Tract Diseases
Get PDFDisruption of the functioning of various body systems has a significant impact on the morphofunctional state of the oral organs and, in particular, the periodontal complex. This effect is primarily due to significant metabolic disorders, systemic or local hemodynamic disorders, changes in the neuro-humoral regulation of the immunological status. Among the diseases that directly affect the liver, taking toxic and medicinal drugs, improper and inadequate nutrition [1.3.5]
Ultrasound Examination as an Important Part of Clinical Diagnostics
Get PDFUltrasonography has advantages over other imaging modalities in terms of availability and comfort, safety, and diagnostic potential. Recent advances of clinical diagnosis are largely determined by the improvement of research methods. Significant leap in this regard was made by the development and introduction of fundamentally new ways of medical imaging, including ultrasound method. Extremely valuable is the ability of ultrasound to visualize the internal structure of the solid organ that was not available in the traditional X-ray. Due to the high information content and reliability of the ultrasonic method of diagnosis of many diseases and injuries has risen to a new level. The author has carried out an analysis of numerous literary sourcaes and concluded that ultrasound has a high diagnostic capability and prognostic value of advanced new technologies in the diagnosis of various pathologies. Ultrasonography using a high-resolution technology in the clinic allows us to differentiate the severity of the pathological process, determine its dynamics and reliably monitor the effectiveness of treatment
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Get PDFBreast cancer occupies a leading place among malignant neoplasms in women in all economically developed countries Breast cancer is a serious medical and social problem for most developed countries of the world. Analysis of the qualitative characteristics of diagnosis, staging and treatment of breast cancer will routinely confirm the achievability of reducing the risk of cancer recurrence with an appropriate standard of treatment
Factors Affecting the Development of Teeth in Young Children
Get PDFThe process of teething and bite formation is a physiological process, which is one of the important indicators of the health and physical development of a child. However, there are a number of factors that have an unfavorable effect on this process and create an opportunity for the development of the pathological process. In this regard, despite the numerous works of domestic and foreign researchers on this topic, the development of methods for early diagnosis, prognosis of the course and outcome of the pathology of teething and occlusion formation in children remains relevant and in demand
Antibiotics: The Most Frequent Misused Medications Items Amongst Children Below Five Years of Age in Samaraa General Hospital
Get PDFIntroduction: Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections—however, their overuse or misuse results in resistance to antimicrobial agents. Resistance is defined as antibiotics' failure to treat the microbes at the same dose and interval. Antibiotic resistance is a global phenomenon, especially in children. There were about 200,000 newborns death resulting from an infection that was caused by multi-drug resistance bacteria, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Purpose: This study highlights the rationale for the inappropriate usage of unnecessary drugs and antibiotics with their limitation and harmful effects on children under five years.
Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 children randomly selected in the pediatrics department of Samarra general hospital in Samarra City. They were given a designed, previously validated questionnaire. This study was carried out from 9th March 2020 until 22nd May 2020. Inferential and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data.
Results: One hundred eighty parents participated in the current study (47.2 males and 52.7% female, mean age). During the study time, respondents had taken their children to physicians, and antibiotics were prescribed in about 57.22%. Of these, only 79%reported using over-the-counter medications, with antibiotics being the most prevalent drug in 66% of cases. Seventy-one percent of parents insisted on prescribing antibiotics, with pediatricians being the most in charge (59%) with antibiotics prescriptions. In most cases, antibiotics were used in treating viral infections (62%0), whereas they were used less frequently to treat bacterial infections. The current results revealed a significant gap in knowledge regarding antibiotic use among parents (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The current results revealed poor knowledge of medication use among children, especially antibiotics. These results necessitate educating parents on antibiotic use and applying strict guidelines on prescribing antibiotics. Doctors and licensed health professionals are the sole authority to prescribe antibiotics only if needed to avoid antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics should only be used following WHO guidelines on the safe usage of antimicrobials. Accurate diagnosis, underlying etiology, infection's site and the severity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics of the used drug, adverse effects, and medication cost are crucial elements to consider for a safe antibiotic prescription
Impact of The Debut of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children
Get PDFDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common types of cardiomyopathies that occurs at any age, including children. The severity of this disease is determined not only by the development of heart failure, but also by the severity of heart rhythm disturbances. These are the questions that are reflected in this thesis
Functional Consequences of Aneurysms in Iraqi Patients and Describe The Prognostic Value to Patients for Risk Factor Analysis
Get PDFBackground: An intracranial aneurysm is an abnormal inflammation of the blood vessels in the brain. We evaluated the functional consequences of aneurysms in Iraqi patients and to describe the prognostic value for patients in the risk factor analysis.
Methods: We conducted a specialised cross-sectional study to assess outcomes of Iraqi patients associated with aneurysms and analyse the effect of risk factors on patients in the long term. Our study collected data from different hospitals in Iraq between 15th July 2022 and 9th March 2023. The data enrolled clinical and demographic outcomes related to 108 cases in patients aged between 25 and 60 years. The dataset was partitioned into two categories. The first category comprised 68 people who were a part of the unruptured group. The second category comprised 40 people who belonged to the ruptured group. The secondary outcomes were devised and analysed with the assistance of the SPSS program, version 25.
Results: Our study found that the majority of elderly patients suffered from aneurysms, with a rate of 70%. Clinical outcomes indicate that females had the highest percentage of cases, with 64.8%, while males comprised 35.2%. Additionally, pre-operative comorbidities outcomes revealed that 54.6% of patients had hypertension, and 26.9% had diabetes mellitus. The study also examined aneurysm locations, with Posterior Communicating Artery cases accounting for 27.8% and Superior Cerebellar Artery cases comprising 16%. In 7% of cases, the posterior cerebral artery is affected, while in 13.9% of cases, other vessels are involved. Quality of life was evaluated, revealing improved outcomes over time for patients in the unruptured group with a rate of progression from 100% to 50%. In contrast, patients in the ruptured group showed a decline in the rate of survival, with a decrease of 33% in the last year.
Conclusion: Endovascular coiling surgery is considered the optimal surgical procedure for patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms
Incidence of Bacterial Coinfection with a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Iin Hospitalized Children Below Five Years
Get PDFBackground: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a crucial motive of mortality and morbidity in youngsters under five in the growing usa.
Objective: RSV and different breathing viruses are commonly co-detected with doubtlessly pathogenic bacteria, which include Streptococcus pneumoniae, within the top airways of young children. While these bacteria are acknowledged to be carried asymptomatically, they're additionally able to opportunistic infections.
Material and methods: The present study blanketed a total of (100) samples (entire blood, serum samples, nasopharyngeal swabs, and respiratory tract secretions) have been collected from sufferers affected by breathing tract troubles who were admitted to AL-Hashmia General Hospital and Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital during a length of three months from (November 2022 to January 2023).
Result: The end result of the present-day study is that there was a considerable affiliation between RSV and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Moreover, there have been a vast association among Co-viral contamination and Legionella peumophila serogroup 1.
Discussion: and conclusion: The immunoflorecent take a look at for RSV was observed to be touchy at 10% and 97.5% precise. While the PPV became calculated at 50%, the NPV changed into 81%. The typical accuracy of the take a look at changed into eighty persent. The current information at the mechanisms underlying bacterial and viral interactions inside the respiration tract have been summarized in this examine
Outcomes of patients following surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spine conditions in Iraq
Get PDFBackground: In general, this study demonstrated the association between the surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative conditions in Iraqi patients and its effect on postoperative morbidity.
Aim: This study was aimed to assess outcomes of surgical treatment for Iraqi patients’ lumbar degenerative spine.
Patients and methods: Databases were collected related to 105 patients from different hospitals in Iraq between 15th July 2022 to 9th March 2023. A statistical analysis was performed on the pre-and post-operative surgical outcomes relating to both surgeries, where this was achieved by measuring factors such as pain, disability, and walking ability using the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analogue scale, alongside walking ability in meters. The surgical outcome data was analyzed and formulated using SPSS, version 22.0.
Results: The study revealed that patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery exhibited a greater improvement rate in their leg and back pain than those who underwent lumbar fusion surgery. Specifically, the back pain score was (3.1 ± 1.9) and the leg pain score was (3.5 ± 1.5) for the decompression group, resulting in a positive effect on their overall quality of life, which was scored at (82.61 ± 6.22).
In contrast, patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery recorded a lower score of (66.81 ± 9.8). The Oswestry Disability Index indicated an increase in walking ability with scores of (18.28 ± 21.67) for patients who received lumbar decompression surgery and (35.15 ± 24.56) for those who underwent lumbar fusion surgery.
Conclusion: Our paper discovered a significant improvement in postoperative results for patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery compared to those who had lumbar fusion surgery in terms of pain levels, disability, and walking ability. Lumbar decompression surgery had a post-operative complication rate of seven patients, with infections and blood clots being the most prevalent
АНЕСТЕЗИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНГАЛЯЦИИ ДЕСФЛУРАН ПРИ РЕКОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ НА СОННЫХ АРТЕРИЯХ
Get PDFРеперфузионное повреждение головного мозга — одно из серьезных осложнений при выполнении каротидной эндартерэктомии. Для его предотвращения необходимо применять анестетики, способные сохранять у больных оптимальные системную гемодинамику и мозговой кровоток, а также адекватную потребность головного мозга в кислороде. Одним из таких препаратов может быть ингаляционный анестетик десфлуран. Цель исследования — изучить влияние ингаляции десфлурана в составе сбалансированной анестезии на системную гемодинамику, мозговой кровоток и кислородный баланс головного мозга больных при реконструктивных операциях на сонных артериях.
Материал и методы. Обследован 18 пациент при выполнении каротидной эндартерэктомии под общим обезболиванием.
Всем пациентам проводили мониторинг артериального давления (АД), частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), сердечногоиндекса (СИ), показателей церебральной оксиметрии (rSO2) и линейной скорости кровотока (ЛСК). Все операции выполнены под эндотрахеальным наркозом с применением десфлурана