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Impact of Money Supply on Inflation Rate in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study aim to explain the relationship between the money supply and inflation rate in the Nigeria's economy. In order to contribute to a deeper understanding of the critical economic relationship between money supply and the country's inflation rate, this study sought to elucidate the impact of these fluctuations. The data utilized for this analysis consisted of annual time series data spanning from 1990 to 2022, sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model of analysis was employed. The empirical findings revealed that the various components of the money supply collectively contribute to the inflation rate, while the individual indicators of the money supply exhibit distinct consequences. Broad money supply and exchange rate demonstrate a negative relationship, albeit with weak significance in determining the inflation rate in Nigeria. On the other hand, interest rate has a positive effect on inflation rate. Based on these results, several policy implications can be derived. It is crucial for the government, when formulating monetary policy, to recognize that an increase in the money supply tends to have a more favorable response from the inflation rate. Additionally, the government must be mindful of the relationship between the interest rate and inflation rate. Therefore, this study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria comprehends the role of money supply in enhancing inflation rate adjustments and devises monetary policies that would facilitate the proper functioning of the economy, ultimately leading to a stable price level
Impacts of Iraq's WTO Accession on Agriculture
Get PDFThis research investigates the pivotal role of Iraq's agricultural sector in its national economy, emphasizing its significance in ensuring food security, fostering economic growth, and contributing to employment, capital formation, and export earnings. Despite this importance, there exists a gap in understanding the implications of Iraq's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on its agricultural sector. The study aims to fill this gap by examining the conditions and obligations imposed by the WTO, permissible support types, and Iraq's economic resources. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, including literature review and empirical analysis, the research explores the potential for Iraq's agricultural sector advancement through strategic resource allocation and adoption of modern technologies. Findings reveal that Iraq possesses the necessary elements for economic development, particularly in agriculture, if resources are efficiently managed and modern techniques are embraced. The study offers conclusions and recommendations crucial for specialists in Iraqi economic affairs, especially those concerned with agricultural development and WTO implications
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Nursing Practices in Nasogastric Tube Care at Azadi Teaching Hospital
Get PDFNasogastric tube (NGT) care is integral in various medical settings, including critical care units, for relieving intestinal obstruction and providing nutritional support. However, there exists a gap in evaluating nursing practices regarding NGT care, particularly in terms of proficiency levels and adherence to established procedures. This cross-sectional study conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk aimed to assess nursing practices in NGT care from November 2023 to June 2024. Forty-two nurses were sampled using a purposive technique, and data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Results indicate a mixed proficiency level among nurses, with approximately half of the evaluated aspects falling into low to moderate proficiency categories. Notably, while theoretical knowledge was relatively strong, practical application lagged behind. These findings underscore the need for specialized training, continuous education, and robust quality assurance measures to enhance patient outcomes. Improvements in NGT care practices, including tube feeding administration, medication management, and removal procedures, can be achieved through targeted interventions aimed at bolstering nurses' skills and knowledge in this critical area
The Influences of Political Brand Relationship Quality and Political Brand Engagement to Young Voters' Citizenship Behaviour: the Evidence From North Sulawesi Province
Get PDFThis research aims to examine political brand relationship quality (satisfaction, trust and brand love), political brand engagement, and young voters' citizenship behavior in North Sulawesi Province. To mobilize people's votes, political parties must play a role in political marketing, for example through social media, which can influence voter behavior. 500 respondents were selected and surveyed randomly using quantitative research methods. The research results showPolitical Brand Relationship Quality brand satisfaction has a positive and significant relationship with Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality brand trust has a positive and significant relationship with Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality brand love has a positive and significant relationship with Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality brand satisfaction has a positive and significant relationship with Political Brand Engagement in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality brand trust has a positive and significant relationship with Political Brand Engagement in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality brand love has a positive and significant relationship to Political Brand Engagement in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Engagement has a positive and significant relationship to Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality ( brand satisfaction) has a positive and significant effect on Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior through the moderating variable Political Brand Engagement in North Sulawesi Province, Political Brand Relationship Quality (brand trust) has a positive and significant effect on Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior through the moderating variable Political Brand Engagement in the Province North Sulawesi, Political Brand Relationship Quality (brand love) has a positive and significant effect on Young Voters' Citizenship Behavior through the moderating variable Political Brand Engagement in North Sulawesi Province
Comparing the Effects of Different Flow Rate of Fresh Gas on Patient Hemodynamic Stability and Depth of Anesthesia
Get PDFMore general anaesthesia with lower fresh gas flow rates is needed to reduce environmental contamination and treatment costs. Reducing or eliminating fresh gas administration improves patient care by keeping the highest anaesthesia safety and quality standards and reducing emissions. The increasing use of low fresh gas flow rates addresses environmental concerns and ensures excellent anaesthesia patient outcomes. This study examined how the unique low-flow anaesthesia regimen affected hemodynamic stability throughout medical procedures. One hundred consecutive people were used for this experiment. A group of patients received two litres per minute of high flow anaesthesia (HFA) while another received one litre per minute of low flow (LFA). Surgery took up to two hours for each research subject. The bispectral index (BIS), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2), and inhalational anaesthetic agent concentrations like isoflurane, nitrous oxide (N2O), and oxygen (O2) were closely monitored and recorded during the procedures. The two groups had significantly different heart rates, SaO2 levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The two groups' BIS scores were similar, showing that low-flow anaesthesia patients were not more alert during surgery. In addition, the high-flow and low-flow anaesthesia groups had statistically significant differences in end-tidal anaesthetic concentrations at 5, 10, 15, and 60 minutes and after surgery. To conclude, low-flow and high-flow rate general anaesthesia approaches maintain hemodynamic stability and provide the optimum anaesthesia for patients. The current study stresses the importance of continuously monitoring and controlling anaesthesia administration methods to optimise patient outcomes and procedural safety. This study adds to the knowledge of anaesthetic methods and their influence on clinical management and patient care in healthcare
Assessing the Impact of Merdeka Belajar on Student Engagement and Academic Performance: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Get PDFThe Merdeka Belajar policy in Indonesia aims to enhance student engagement and academic performance through various strategies and initiatives. This comprehensive literature review assesses the impact of Merdeka Belajar on student engagement and academic performance by examining relevant studies and research findings. The research methodology for assessing the impact of Merdeka Belajar on student engagement and academic performance can adopt a mixed method approach. This approach can include both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather comprehensive data on the various factors influencing student engagement and academic performance under Merdeka Belajar. The collected data can be analysed using statistical techniques such as regression analysis to examine the relationship between the implementation of Merdeka Belajar and student engagement and academic performance. The qualitative data can be analysed through thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to student experiences and perceptions of Merdeka Belajar. The literature review reveals that the web-based character-building model implemented in Pontianak, Indonesia has been effective in improving students' positive characters. This model can potentially be applied in other cities in Indonesia to manage school and enhance character development among students. Additionally, the literature review highlights the importance of collaboration and integration among educational institutions to facilitate effective implementation of the Merdeka Belajar policy
Assessment of Impact of Inflation on University Management in North-Central, Nigeria
Get PDFThe objectives of this study is to assess the impact of inflation on university management in Nigeria. The population of this study comprised of all academic staff in North-Central, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample for study was made up of three hundred academic staff. The sample was selected from three public universities in North-central, Nigeria. The sample was selected using multi-stage sampling technique. A research instrument was constructed by the researchers and used for the data collection which was title: (Impact of Inflation on University Management Questionnaire). The structured questionnaire used 4 Likert scale: Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). The reliability of the instruments IIUMQ was established through a test re-test method. The results of the first and second administration of the instrument were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, which yielded a reliability index of 0.88. Data collected in the study were analyzed using mean-scores and standard deviation. The findings showed that inflation affected running of the universities in Nigeria via increment in operational cost. The result also indicated that inflation affected projects completion, led to projects abadonment, poor projects financing and poor projects maintenance. The result finally revealed that inflation affected implementation of teaching, research and community service programme in Nigerian universities. Based on the findings, the paper hereby recommended that government should increase the funding of universities in Nigeria. Government should diversify the economy by increasing local production and encourage locally manufacturing of goods
Choosing the Mass of an Ingot of a Rational Shape for Bloom Rolling
Get PDFThis article focuses on enhancing technological processes to elevate the quality of the final product, specifically by optimizing the weight and configuration of the ingot. The aim is to bolster the durability and performance of critical components in industrial equipment units, such as rolls, beds, and universal spindles. By meticulously selecting the optimal weight and shape of the ingot, the study endeavors to fortify the structural integrity and operational efficiency of these equipment parts. Through innovative technological advancements and meticulous design considerations, the research aims to address key challenges associated with material strength and performance durability. The overarching goal is to enhance the overall quality and reliability of industrial equipment units, ultimately contributing to improved productivity and operational efficiency in various industrial sectors. Through this article, insights are provided into the innovative approaches and methodologies employed to optimize ingot weight and configuration for enhanced performance and durability in industrial applications
Inguinal Hernia: Modern Aspects of Etiopathogenesis and Treatment
Get PDFThe article presents modern data on the surgical treatment of inguinal hernias, describes the most common methods of alloplasty, their advantages and disadvantages, presents the experience of domestic and foreign researchers. During the search, it was found that in the methods used for the treatment of inguinal hernias over the past 10-15 years, a consistent evolution has been noted. The main change is that a mesh is used to close the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and the principle of tissue tension-free treatment is introduced. One of the methods using these new principles is laparoscopic hernioplasty, introduced into practice in the early 90s of the last century. Summing up, it can be noted that, with all the numerous publications, there is no single tactical doctrine when choosing a method of treating inguinal hernias, the opinions of various authors about the advantages and disadvantages of modern methods of eliminating inguinal hernias are contradictory, this was an incentive for doing this work
Circular RNAs in Tumor Therapy
Get PDFContrary to the common belief that circRNAs are "mistakes" in RNA splicing, mammalian cells really contain a large number of highly conserved circRNAs. CircRNAs may produce miRNA inhibitors that are stable and potent. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the role of circRNAs remain to be resolved. First off, circular RNAs have the same ability to stop the spread of cancer as long noncoding RNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs that lack poly (A) tails on either the 3′or 5′ends. Over 100,000 genes are known to encode circRNAs. Clinical data indicates that circRNAs, which exhibit variable expression in several disorders, including cancer, may serve a regulatory role in some conditions and diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that As an endogenous competitive RNA, circRNA can control the invasion, growth, and other physiological functions of tumor cells. Additionally, some circRNAs located in the nucleus can regulate the translation of the parent gene by binding to RNA polymerase II