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Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Dentistry
No full textoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant momentum in the field of pediatric dentistry, with applications aimed at improving diagnostics, treatment planning, patient engagement, and research. The integration of AI technologies in dental practices offers potential to enhance the accuracy of diagnoses, predict treatment outcomes, customize patient-specific treatments, and streamline practice management. AI-driven tools, such as machine learning algorithms, can analyze complex dental data, including radiographs, photographs, and clinical notes, to aid in early detection and management of oral diseases prevalent in children. Moreover, AI can provide educational resources tailored to young patients, fostering better oral health habits. 
In-vitro Study Comparing the Shear Bond Values of Zirconia-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement
No full textThe goal of the current study was to compare the shear bond values of zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer cement. A collection of 20 extracted premolars with unbroken buccal or lingual surfaces was made. The whole sample was randomly split into two groups: Group A (n=10) which was Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement and Group B (n=10) which was Zirconia Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement (Zirconomer). The process of thermocycling was used to mimic oral conditions. Using a universal testing machine, the shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 24 hours at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute until fracture. After tabulating the results, statistical analysis was done. The findings indicated that Zirconomer exhibited a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher shear bond strength when compared to traditional glass ionomer cement. 
Evaluation of Serum Creatine Phosphokinase as a Possible Marker for Severity in Organophosphorus Poisoning
No full textBackground : Acute poisoning of organophosphorous compound has reached epidemic extent in largely element of the country mainly in developing countries like India. Case reports on clinical implication of total serum creatine phosphokinase in acute OP compound intake has been accounted occasionally, however there are no great extent studies with mention to total serum creatine phosphokinase level in OP compound. Hence this is an attempt to study the total serum creatine phosphokinase in assessing the severity of OP compound poison. Subjects & Methods: Patients with history of OP compound consumption getting admitted in Department of Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat during the period of two years were occupied up for study in view of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information needed for this study collected through a proforma and pre-test proforma from every patient. Results: The levels of CPK were elevated significantly in patients with respiratory failure. In this study 7 out of 8 patients with raised initial CPK level has respiratory failure and eventually death. Only one patient with mildly elevated CPK level has no respiratory failure. Conclusion: In this study only 8 out of 100 case shows raised total serum CPK level. Seven out of 8 positive case who developed respiratory failure and death. All 7 patients has marked raise in total serum CPK level. So the initial raise in total serum CPK level correlated well with severity of OP compound poison and prognosis, suggesting its use as a prognostic indicator of OP compound poison. 
Moskowitz syndrome manifesting as recurrent large vessel strokes in a young male-An original research paper
Get PDFBackground: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by microthrombus formation due to a deficiency of ADAMTS13, which cleaves von Willebrand factor multimers. This deficiency leads to widespread microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and multiple organ involvement, particularly affecting the brain, heart, and kidneys. TTP can present atypically and poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in young patients with neurological symptoms and thrombocytopenia. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of plasma exchange therapy (PEX) and steroids are critical to reduce mortality.
Optimal Placement Site and Angulation for Infrazygomatic Screw’s Insertion – A CBCT Study
No full textAnchorage control acts as foundation of the orthodontic force system. Any undesirable movement of tooth should be controlled otherwise existing malocclusion will worsen and to prevail over this unwanted movement skeletal anchorage has been introduced in orthodontic treatment. Infrazygomatic screws are introduced to provide good anchorage control. The study was conducted to determine optimal site and angulation for placement of Infrazygomatic screw. Study includes thirty patients (15 male and 15 female) above 18 years of age. IZC bone thickness and height are measured using cone beam computed tomographic images. Theia imaging software is used for linear and angular measurement. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to determine the relation between bone thickness at different angle. Study concluded that with increase in insertion angle, infrazygomatic crest bone thickness increases. The best site for mini screw insertion in IZC is at angle of 70° in Durg population. 
Management of a Maxillary Radicular Cyst in a Patient with Gilbert Syndrome: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFGilbert syndrome is a rare benign autosomal genetic disorder characterized by reduced activity of glucuronyl transferase, leading to decreased clearance of bilirubin and occasional mild jaundice in the absence of hepatic injury or hemolysis. Diagnosis involves clinical and laboratory investigations as part of differential diagnosis, with genetic analysis providing additional confirmation. Oral manifestations of Gilbert syndrome exist but often go unnoticed. Drugs metabolized by this enzyme need to be considered along with stress management in patients undergoing surgical procedures. This case report of a 24- year-old male diagnosed with a radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior teeth region, who incidentally exhibited Gilbert syndrome, also highlights perioperative management considerations for such patients. 
Primary Implant Stability: A Crucial Pillar in Implantology
No full textA good implant integration and long-term favourable clinical outcome are positively correlated with a secure primary (mechanical) stability of the implant. Consequently, in order to guarantee a successful osseointegration, it is crucial to evaluate the initial stability at various time points. This review explores the importance of the primary and secondary implant stability and various tools and instruments to measure the primary implant stability, and also explains about factors affecting the implant primary stability. Dental implant design and its length, diameter, thread depth plays an important role in obtaining the primary implant stability.This review describes different ways to obtain primary stability in compromised bone such aslow density bone and regenerated bone. 
Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia: Review of Literature
No full textEven if local anaesthetic remains the mainstay of pain management in dentistry, research will continue to hunt for innovative and more effective strategies to control the pain. The majority of research efforts are focused on developing anaesthetic medicines, delivery systems, and related approaches. Modern dentistry techniques enable dentists to provide better pain management with less painful injections and unfavourable side effects. The current review of the literature aims to compile persuasive evidence for dentists about the use of modern local anaesthetics, various techniques, and tactics to lessen pain while delivering anaesthesia and so enhance patient comfort. 
Assessment of Utility of Carbamylated Hemoglobin in Determining the Overall Adequacy of Hemodialysis
Get PDFBackground: CKD is characterized by progressive and ongoing loss of kidney function of not <3 months duration with or without decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD leads to increase in blood urea and serum creatinine levels. The present study was conducted to assess the utility of Carbamylated Hemoglobin in determining the overall adequacy of Hemodialysis. Subjects & Methods: 25 patients with chronic kidney disease divided into two groups and one healthy control group. Carbamylated Hemoglobin (CHb) checked at 0 and at 3 months. Kt/V assessed at 0 and 3 months and average Kt/V was calculated. Results: There was non- significant difference in Kt/V, Valine hydantoin absorbance at 570 nm, CHb (ug/gm Hb) and blood flow rate (ml/min) at 8 hours and 12 hours (P> 0.05). The regression equation at 3 months is CHb. = 482.33 + 0.122 age (Yrs) – 0.492 gender + 0.192 duration(months) - 0.624 HD frequency/wks(Hrs) - 0.207 HD vintage(months) + 0.063 BMI + 6.021 Hb.(gm%) + 0.011 BUL(mg/dl) – 0.191 Creatinine(mg/dl) + 0.123 Na(mmol/l) – 1.047 K(mmol/l) + 5.642 Alb.(gm/dl) – 55.12 pH + 0.903 HCO3 - 0.018 iPTH(pg/ml) – 11.54 Kt/V – 96.54 Valine hydantoin absorbance + 0.005 Blood Flow Rate (ml/min). Conclusion: Carbamylated haemoglobin had a direct correlation with blood urea nitrogen levels and with serum creatinine levels in chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis. 
Effect of Audio and Audiovisual Distraction Technique on Anxiety of Pediatric Patients During Pit and Fissure Sealant Application: A Clinical Trial
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This clinical trial evaluates the impact of audio and audiovisual distraction techniques on reducing anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing pit and fissure sealant application. A total of 60 children aged 6-12 requiring sealant application were randomly assigned into three groups: Control (no distraction), Audio distraction (listening to music), and Audiovisual distraction (watching cartoons). Anxiety levels were measured using the Venhem Anxiety Rating Scale (VARS) before and after the procedure. The study found a significant reduction in anxiety levels in the audio and audiovisual distraction groups compared to the control group. Specifically, the audiovisual group showed the greatest reduction in VARS scores, followed by the audio group.