Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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The Role of Punicalagin in Slowing Down the Decaying of Neurons
Get PDFPunicalagin is an active compound found in the Pomegranate rind. The hallmark of the compound is its antioxidant properties which is more than most other sources such as Red wine. The poly-phenol donates hydrogen to free radicals like peroxynitrites and prevents it from oxidizing and destroying microglial cells in the brain. The compound has high bio-availability and is has reduced neuronal inflammation as well. The compound is useful for treating Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and many other Dementia’s. Apart from its antioxidant properties, the compound is an antidermatophyte and antimicrobial. Punicalagin has also shown ability in down regulating virulent Quorum sensing genes in Salmonella
Study of Availability, Pattern of consumption and Proximate Principles of Ready to Eat Packaged Diet and Regular Snacks, in the city of Mumbai
Get PDFThe present study on the availability, pattern of consumption and proximate principles of Ready to eat packaged (RTEP), Regular and Diet snacks was conducted in the city of Mumbai. 36 Shopkeepers and 100 consumers from different areas of Mumbai were interviewed as per semi-structured questionnaire specifically designed for this study. Shopkeepers were asked about the availability, shelf life and sale of RTEP regular and Diet snacks. Consumers were also individually interviewed about their dietary patterns and their preference of regular and diet RTEP snacks. Fives type of frequently consumed RTEP snacks (Khakhara, Chivada, Chakri, Wafers (Banana) and Biscuits (Khari)) (regular and their diet variety) were selected and 250 grams of each of them were coded and given for analysis of proximate principles to an ISO-9000 certified laboratory. It was observed that a wide variety of RTEP Diet snacks are available in the city of Mumbai. RTEP diet snacks are perceived as more expensive by shopkeepers and consumers. Chivada, Khakara and Biscuits (Khari) are most widely consumed regular and diet snacks. Consumption of Diet RTEP snacks depends on age, gender, religion and the family income of the consumer. Only RTEP Diet Khakhra comply with the standards and are a good option for those who wish to consume less calorie and fat in their meals. Other RTEP Diet snacks do not have less than 3 grams of fat per serving. Caution should be taken as salt content in Diet Khakhra, Chivada and Chakri is more by 52%, 10% & 136% respectively than their regular variety
The Effectiveness of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility after 4-Weeks Training to Prevent the Risk of Injuries
Get PDFThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of static and dynamic stretching on hamstring muscle flexibility and risk of injury. A total of 20 female students who are in their final year of various departments at the Sultan Idris of Educational University (UPSI) were involved in this study. Subjects were selected based on the body mass index and never active in sports. The will divided into two groups. Group A (n =10) will perform five types of static stretching exercise while the second group B (n = 10) will perform five types of dynamic stretching exercise. They will perform 5-minutes warming up exercise that is jogging before start the stretching. The stretching exercise will handle in three days alternately fo four weeks. The flexibility of the hamstring muscles was measured using a test range protrudes. The instrument that used to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscles sit reach box, and it is measure before and after the intervention. Pre-test shows no differences between both types of stretching exercise. For the post-test score, static stretching exercise shows the better hamstring flexibility scores than dynamic stretching exercise, t (9) = 23.60, p < 0.005. The results indicated that static stretching exercise is more effective in increasing the hamstring flexibility compared to dynamic stretching exercise and also have results on it in reducing the risk of injury.
 
Traumatic Enucleation and Bilateral Colles’ Fracture in a 70 Year Old Farmer
Get PDFPurpose: To report a case of traumatic enucleation and Colles’ fracture in a 70-year-old male farmer following a fall from a height.
Design: A case report.
Findings: Enucleated right eye and bilateral Colles’ fracture.
Practical implications: The attending health care personnel should do a complete assessment of a patient with a history of fall from a height to avoid missing important bodily injuries. Fall from height is a cause of avoidable blindness.
Originality: Rare original case of traumatic enucleation after a fall
An Impact of Socio-Cultural Practices on Maternal Mortality in Masasi District, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study was about to find out the impact of socio-cultural practices on maternal mortality rate in Tanzania by using Masasi District as the case study. The study involved 3 sample hospital namely Mkomaindo, Maendeleo, and Mkapa Road. The data obtained from 30 total respondents namely clinical officers, maternal mothers, and midwives. The study used mixed research approach under Explanatory Design in which data collection were done by questionnaire and interview. Data was processed by a computer to obtain tabulation, simple figures, Percentages and content analysis. Findings showed that the impact of socio-cultural practices on maternal mortality rate was loss of blood, miscarriage, difficulties during the time of giving birth, lack of good health to the maternal mother and child. Researcher recommended some ways on how to reduce the problem of socio-culture practices on maternal mortality rate include the provision of education to maternal mother. Also, the government should enact strict law against those who still practice bad traditional to maternal mother also the government should ensure services to maternal mother are cheap so that they can be able to go to the hospital
Ethylene, 1-MCP and the Antitranspirant Effect of Active Compound-Film Forming Blend
Get PDFPot plant production in greenhouse is most of the time under high relative humidity and frequent irrigation, whereas during shipment and retailing plants may be exposed to high temperature and infrequent irrigation. These unfavorable conditions often cause water loss, desiccation of plants and short shelf life. To reduce the deteriorating effect of water loss, application of antitranspirants is one of the integral measures to take. In the first experiment, we evaluated the antitranspirant effect of two physiologically active gaseous compounds Ethylene and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropane) and their interaction with the successful active compound ABA (Abscisic acid). In the second experiment, with the aim of discovering a more potent antitranspirant, we evaluated the efficacy of an active compound-film forming blend. Excised leaves of Spathiphyllum sweet checo were sprayed with different preparations. Weight loss (transpiration) as gram of water per gram of initial leaf weight and stomatal conductance were measured. In the first experiment, 10 ppm Ethylene and 500 ppb 1-MCP found to reduce water loss conspicuously and negatively interacted with 1.5 mM ABA. In the second experiment, a potent mixture of active compound-film forming antitranspirants: ABA 1.5 mM + Leaf Shine 1:20 followed by SA (Salicylic acid) 5 mM + Leaf Shine 1:20 and SNP (Sodium nitroprusside) 200 µM + Leaf Shine 1:20 were discovered. In both experiments, significant positive correlations were found between weight loss and stomatal conductance (R= 0.975, 0.987, P<0.05).
 
Genetic Mutations Associated with Breast Cancer in Pakistan
Get PDFBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in breast carcinogenesis. Mutations in autosomal dominant genes account for 5-10% of breast cancer cases. It is also the most common female malignancy in Pakistan and account for 35.6% of all cancers in women. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the key genes associated with familial and early-onset breast cancer in Pakistan. However, mutation in TP53, RAD51 and CHEK2 genes play the marginal role. In this review, the spectrums of genetic mutations associated with breast cancer in Pakistan are discussed in detail.
 
Seroprevalence of HBsAg//HIV among Pregnant Women Attending State Hosiptal Antenatal Clinic, Ijebu-Ode
Get PDFThe rate of HBV and HIV infections in developing countries is alarming and may contribute to infant mortality. Therefore, there is a need to examine the prevalence of both infections among pregnant women, with an aim to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV and rate of co - infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at State Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria. From 489 women attending antenatal clinic, individual serum was obtained and screened for HBV and HIV antibodies respectively using chromatographic immunoassay. Bio data, occupation, living conditions and parity was obtained using structured questionnaire. A total of 489 pregnant women within age 15 – 39-year-old were screened, HBV infection recorded 33 (6.7%) while HIV was 20 (4.1%). The duo was higher among 20 - 24 years age group: HBV 13(10.4%) and HIV 9 (7.2%), and co-infection was 2 (0.004%). The incident of infections was higher among the artisans: HBV 20 (8.0%) and HIV 9 (3.6%) than others categories in relation about occupation. Increased frequency of HBV and HIV infections among pregnant women is alarming public health issues and should be given proper attention. The prevalence of the duo infections may be culpable in infant mortality, and complication following child birth for the mothers. Therefore, pregnant women should be screened for both HBV and HIV infections during antenatal care. Enlightenment campaign on the routes, modes of transmission and control measures should be step-up at antenatal clinics across the board
Behavioural Influence of Atorvastatin alone and in Combination with Antiepileptics against Electroconvulsions in Mice
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral influence of atorvastatin alone and in combination with antiepileptics like lacosamide and levetiracetam in the mouse after the experimental convulsions induced by maximal electroshock method. The maximal seizure pattern was induced in mice in alternative days for upto 9 days by giving an alternating current of 45 mA for 0.2 Sec. Atorvastatin (10mg/ kg i.p) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the electrical induction of seizures in alone and in combination with lacosamide (10mg/kg i.p) and levetiracetam (10mg/kg i.p). Rota rod, hole board, tail suspension and were used to record behavioral effects periodically. Additionally, the effects of administration of atorvastatin on the adverse effect potential of an lacosamide and levetiracetam were assessed in the chimney test for its motor performance. The results shows that, there is a gradual significant increase of muscle grip strength (p<0.05) and reduction in immobility time (p<0.05) on the 7th day which indicates modulatory effect of atorvastatin on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In hole board test there was a significant increase in head poking were observed which indicates that the given drug atorvastatin has alleviated the anxiety and depression which confirms its modulatory effects on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In addition to this atorvastatin in combinations with both antiepileptic drugs had no impact on their adverse effects in the chimney test. Based on the study, the results suggest that the HMG-CoA inhibitor atorvastatin fails to protect the seizures alone and in combination with levetiracetam and shows modulatory effects on behavior while combining with antiepileptics in MES convulsion model
Bioinformatical Analysis of HGPRT Transferase from Different Malaria Parasite Plasmodium spp. Using Computational Tools
Get PDFIn this study, HGPRT transferases from different malaria parasite Plasmodium species was analyzed and presented in this communication. The composition of leucine, lysine and Isoleucine were the highest while lowest concentrations of tryptophan and glutamine residues were noticed when compared to other amino acids. pI value of P. reichenowi HGPRT was 7.59 while the lowest pI of 6.22 was shown by P. chabaudi HGPRT. The instability index of all the transferases is varied, but for all of them it was less than 40, which indicates that all of them are stable. The aliphatic index was found to span within a range of 83 to 97. Secondary structural analysis of the transferases showed the pre-dominance of random coils followed by extended strands for all the transferases except P. falciparum, P. Knowlesi and P. reichenowi HGPRT transferase. The significance of the above results is discussed in the light of existing literature