Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Bias in Homeopathy: Technical Note
Get PDFHomeopathy is fundamentally based on the assumption that a biological activity is borne by a chemical system made by a molecular solute within a solvent that is diluted and mechanically stressed an undefined number of times and then reaches a zero point where molecules disappear and the solvent is the only chemical species being left. With the exception of an author who recently stated “We have been working in this field for over 20 years [35], and are thus perfectly aware of the issues related to the “plausibility” of high-dilution pharmacology, particularly when using dilutions beyond Avogadro’s constant”, yet no evidence was reported to date about the real nature of homeopathic high dilutions
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment: A Short Review
Get PDFIn certain patients for whom there is increased demand for the treatment needs such as rural areas, an attempt has been made to improve the status of the oral health by use of the procedures which arrest the destructive dental caries process and alter microorganisms to favorable condition. This is called as atraumatic restorative treatment. It consists of low-cost and simplified technique using only hand instruments for the removal of the carious lesion and to arrest the progression of the caries. Since its discovery it has becoming an important treatment modality for the oral health care workers in managing dental caries. The present article reviews the importance of the atraumatic restorative treatment.
 
Patients’ Satisfaction with Public Health Care Services in Bangladesh: Some Critical Issues
Get PDFThis paper attempts to explore the experiences of Bangladeshi patient with public health care services, clients self-perception of health, understanding their expectation and demands of health care towards government health practitioners and service providers. The study points out the issues and difficulties they faced in treatment or getting other services and presents some recommendations to improve the public hospital services.The study was undertaken using the interpretivist paradigm and based on qualitative research method with various data collection procedures, such as interview, focus group discussion (FGD), documentation survey, etc. were employed to collect necessary information. The data highlight a continuous cycle of marginalisation resulting from the interplay of health service providers and their business counter-parts e.g. private pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic centres which reduce the opportunity of protecting patients’ consumer rights at large scale. Therefore, the study suggests that policy makers and service providers should be more responsive to initiate effective policy measures and programmes to combat marginalisation and exclusion of that poor patient groups.
 
Integrated Management of Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli) of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaries) in Kaffa, Southwest Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of integrated management of common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axopodai) of bean on disease development, yield and yield components. A field experiment was conducted at Chena district Dahera peasant association on farmers training center field during 2011/2012 main cropping season using four resistant common bean cultivars and one susceptible local check. Host resistance was integrated with seed treatment using Apron 2g/kg and cultural practice. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design in factorial combination with three replications. The results indicate that integrating of resistant varieties with chemical seed treatment and cultural practice were highly significant (p < 0.001) in reducing common bacterial blight development and increased seed yield and yield component of a bean. The highest percent severity index of common bacterial blight (71.95%) was observed in the control treatment when growing of local cultivar under farmer management practice. This level was reduced significantly to below 26% when planting chemically treated seed of the cultivars Awassa dumme, AFR-702 and Ibado on the ridges, with an average yield of more than 22 qt/ha. Generally, integrating host resistance with seed treatment and cultural practice could reduce the severity of common bacterial blight and increase yield and yield component of the bean. However, an extensive similar study should be conducted across different locations to come with a tangible recommendation.
 
The Use of Big Data Analytics in Medical Applications
Get PDFThe field of Big Data Analytics does not have a linear capacity for growth. It is based on a specified structure. Big data is now most useful for data backup purposes, rather than for anything else. Big Data is a collection of data sets that are both numerous and complicated in nature, and it is becoming increasingly popular. They consist of both organized and unstructured data that is constantly changing at a rate that is inconvenient for traditional relational database systems and existing analytical tools to keep pace with. There is constantly some new information being introduced. It also contributes to the resolution of India\u27s major concerns. It also contributes to closing the data gap. Healthcare is the preservation or advancement of health by the prevention, interpretation, and medical treatment of the disorder, ill health, abuse, and other significant physical, mental, and spiritual degeneration in the mortal body. Health care is conveyed by health professionals in the form of unified health experts, specialists, physician associates, midwives, nurses, antibiotics, pharmacy, psychology, and other health-related fields of expertise. Additionally, it has an introduction, challenging elements and concerns, Big Data Analytics in use, technical specifications, research applications, industrial applications, and future applications. This article aims to provide knowledge in the field of big data analytics and its use in the medical arena
Effect of Plant Growth Retardants on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat.) cv. IIHR-6
Get PDFThe present experiment was conducted on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cv. IIHR-6 at Jambu Vadi Farm, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh during winter season of 2013-14 under South Saurashtra agro climatic condition. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept with two time of spray viz., spray at 30 days after transplanting (S1) and spray at 60 days after transplanting (S2) and six treatment of plant growth retardants viz., MH 500 @ mg l-1 (P1), MH 700 @ mg l-1 (P2), CCC @ 2000 mg l-1 (P3), CCC @ 2500 mg l-1 (P4), PCB @ 0.4 ml l-1 (P5), PCB @ 0.5 ml l-1 (P6) were sprayed including control (P7). The effect of different time of sprays and plant growth retardants on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum cv. ‘IIHR-6’ were found significant. The vigorous growth in terms of plant height at 90 DAT (52.65 cm) and at the time of final harvest (63.34 cm) was noticed the highest in control (P7) treatment while, the number of branches per plant at 90 DAT (28.80) and at the time of final harvest 34.89), plant spread in N - S (52.15 cm and 60.78 cm) and E - W direction (53.25 and 62.45 cm) at 90 DAT and at time of final harvest, respectively; fresh weight of plant (317.55 g) and dry weight of plant (35.87 g) recorded maximum under plant receiving MH @ 700 mg l-1 (P2). Consequently, these plants produced early flowers (70.94 days), took minimum days for 50 per cent flowering (101.16 days) with maximum flowering span (46.36 days), flower diameter (6.33 cm), shelf life (5.00 days) of flower as well as vase life (9.05 days) of flower. The yield of flowers (13.43 t ha -1) also produced maximum in these treatment. Interaction between different time of spray and plant growth retardants was found to be non significant in case of growth, flowering and yield of flowers, except diameters of flower. Economics of chrysanthemum indicated that the plant sprayed at 30 days after transplanting (S1) and treated with MH @ 700 mg l-1 (P2) found most remunerative as they gave highest net returns (Rs. 208980) with maximum Benefit Cost Ratio (1:4.50). It can be concluded that the foliar application of MH @ 700 mg l-1 at 30 days after transplanting proved superior in terms of growth, flowering, flower yield and more economical as compared to all other growth retardants treatments.
 
Efficacy of Physiologically Active Anti-Transpirants on Excised Leaves of Potted Plants
Get PDFPot plant production in the greenhouse is most of the time under high relative humidity and frequent irrigation. While, during shipping and retailing plants may be exposed to high temperature and infrequent irrigation. These unfavorable conditions often cause water loss, desiccation of plants and short shelf life. So as to reduce the deteriorating effect of water loss, application of anti-transpirants is one of the integral options to implement. In this study, we evaluated several physiologically active stomata closing compounds. Spathiphyllum sweet checo and Calathea rufibarba were sprayed with different active compound formulations. Weight loss of leaves as gram of water per gram of initial leaf weight and gram of water per centimeter square leaf area and stomatal conductance were measured. On both plant species most physiologically active compound treatments reduce weight loss and stomatal conductance significantly. 1.5 mM Abscisic acid (ABA), 5 mM Salicylic acid (SA) and 200 µM Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on Spathiphyllum sweet checo and 1.5 mM ABA ,200 µM SNP and 200 µM Pyrabactin on Calathea rufibarba were the three most effective active compound treatments. Significant positive correlation were found between weight loss and stomatal conductance in both plant species (R=0.888, P<0.05), (R=0.811, P<0.05) for Spathiphyllum and Calathea respectively. The relative efficacy of different active compound treatments and the effects of leaf weight and leaf area on water loss were also inseparable in both plant species.
 
Antimicrobial Study of Oil and Stem Bark Extracts of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth on Six Selected Pathogens
Get PDFThe antimicrobial activity of oil and stem bark extracts of pentaclethra macrophylla benth was determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia, Eschericia coli, Haemophilus influenza, α-Haemolytic Streptococcus and Yeast, using hole diffusion method. The results revealed that the most inhibitory zone (25.0mm) was recorded in hexane oil extract against staphylococcus aureus and α-Haemolytic Streptococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil extract ranges between 7.8125-62.5mg/ml on all the test organisms and aqueous stem bark extract inhibited only Eschericia coli with minimum, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5mg/ml. However, the oil extract possessed more antimicrobial activity than the stem bark extract. These findings lend more knowledge to the use of pentaclethra macrophylla benth for medicinal purposes.
 
Detecting Aphanomyces Invadans in Pure Cultures and EUS-infected Fish Lesions by Applying PCR
Get PDFAphanomyces invadans is an oomycete fungus which causes Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) disease in wide range of fresh and brackish water fish worldwide imposing serious economic losses. A diagnostic procedure, based on a polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) was developed to detect infection of fish with the A.invadans. A set of primers (1APM 1F and 1APM 6R) was used to specifically amplify A. invadans DNA. The PCR amplifies a 400 bp amplicon. A protocol for the extraction of A. invadans DNA from infected fish tissue and pure fungal cultures was developed. The method was tested on seven EUS-susceptible fish species (snakehead, snakeskin gourami, moonlight gourami, koi carp, catfish, gold fish, climbing perch) and one EUS-resistant fish (tilapia), artificially infected with A. invadans and pure cultures of Aphanomyces spp., Saprolegnia spp., Achlya spp., and Allomyces sp. Detection of A. invadans was possible at the early stage of sampling, which was 24 hours post injection in both EUS-susceptible and resistant fish. Resistant fish was found to be PCR-negative after 6 days of inoculation but in susceptible fish PCR-positive results obtained even after day 28 or in dead fish. Therefore PCR may be a useful method for detection EUS infection in fish from early stage of disease onset.
 
Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Bioactivity of Origanum Vulgare Extracts
Get PDFA very important measure for any country, in terms of public health problems and commercial exploitation, must be the development of medicinal and aromatic plant resources. Long-term strategies for the conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants, personnel training, cultivation or passage in culture of valuable species, sustainable methods of harvesting and processing plants to promote scientific research and validation of traditional remedies are needed. In the present, the natural compounds research are mainly focused on their role in improving health. The extraction processes of the natural compound are significant both in scientific and economic terms. The goal is to obtain extracts with pharmacological activity with a minimum production cost.
In this paper are analyzed hot and cold ethanol 50 % extracts of Origanum vulgare (Fam. Lamiaceae) species in terms of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.
The results obtained showed no significant differences in terms of chemical composition and bioactivity, between the extracts. Thus, in industry sector these results can be used for reducing cost production.