Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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The Use of Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Assessing the Potential Cardiovascular Risk among ABO Blood Groups in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Get PDFStudies have associated ABO blood groups with cardiovascular risk events in the general population and no significant association has yet been reported in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. This study uses the atherogenic indices to evaluate the potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of ABO blood groups in SCD patients. Lipoprotein concentrations were assayed in 200 SCD patients and 100 control subjects with normal haemoglobin using the enzymatic colorimetric method. The atherogenic indices were calculated and compared among the various blood groups to show which of the blood group has elevated atherogenic risk of CVD. The means total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were highest in blood group A and lowest in blood group O while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lowest in blood group A and highest in blood group O. All the atherogenic indices were highest in blood group A and lowest in blood group O. The mean levels of lipoprotein variables and atherogenic indices were not significantly different between the blood group B and AB. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cardiac risk ratio (CRR) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) correlated positively (r=0.348,p=0.005; r=0.236, p=0.05; r=0.238,p=0.05) respectively with blood group A. Similarly AIP, CRR and AC correlated positively (r=0.316, p=0.05; r=0.311, p=0.05; r=0.310, p=0.05) with blood group B. On the other hand, AIP and AC failed to correlate with blood group AB but CRR correlated (r=0.321, p=0.05) with blood group AB. All the atherogenic indices did not correlate significantly with blood group O. Atherogenic indices were higher in non-O blood groups than blood group O. Patients with non-O blood groups may require detail evaluations and closer monitoring than those with blood group O with respect to CVD risk.
 
Decoding the Future: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Get PDFAI holds the prospect of bringing about revolutionary advances in a variety of fields, including imaging (where it will improve diagnostic accuracy), drug discovery (where it will revolutionize the process), and customized care (where it will enable such advances). The paper digs into the ethical considerations that surround the incorporation of AI and places a strong emphasis on the complex balance that must be maintained between innovation and patient privacy. It highlights AI\u27s role in streamlining healthcare workflows, predictive analytics for proactive management, and the changing environment of surgical robotics and virtual health assistants. This article serves as a roadmap to the future. As such, it emphasizes the importance of responsible AI adoption to ensure beneficial developments in healthcare delivery
Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Cell-free Hemolymph and Hemocytes of Marine Gastropod, Rapana Rapiformis from Inshore Waters of Pondicherry, Southeast Coast of India
Get PDFThe cell –free hemolymph and hemocytes isolated from body-fluid of marine gastropod Rapana rapiformis distributed in the shallow waters of Pondichery coast, were tested for their antibiotic potential against five common human bacterial pathogens viz. Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera and E.Coli. The sensitivity test thro Disc diffusion assay revealed that cell–free hemolymph of Rapana rapiformis exhibited higher level of inhibition even at MIC of 2.5ul against Vibrio cholera when compared to reference drug. A peptide molecule in haemolymph that showed higher inhibitory activity with the molecular mass of 35kDa, has been found by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It could be of greater interest to isolate and characterize this protein which might be used commercially against existing antibiotic resistant strains such as MRSA in future.
 
Statistical Analysis of Tuberculosis in Jigawa State, North-Western Nigeria
Get PDFStudies on Tuberculosis (TB) in Jigawa, a Northwestern state in Nigeria, is very scarce as Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Center in the state started functioning properly only recently in 2009. Since then, there has been a hike in the number of TB patients visiting the center. This study is conducted to analyze the incidence of Tuberculosis in the state. Data used is obtained from Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Center, Ministry of Health, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Questioners are used for the collection of the available data for the period of six years (2009–2014). Linear regression is used to analyze the trend of the disease from the same period. Trends within various age groups were recorded. HIV co–infection is analyzed and its trend is also recorded over the years. Gender parity is also analyzed using a t-test. There is an increase in the number of patients from 2009 to 2014. Out of the 9590 patients seen in the period, 6538 (68.18 %) are males and3052 (31.82%) are females. At-test is used to show the significance in the difference between the number of males and females. It is also found that, there is an increase in the number of HIV co-infection over the said years. The study shows the prevalence of TB is highest among the age group of 25 – 34 (30.15%). The commonest type of TB in the population was smear positive pulmonary TB, with 5853 patients (61.03%). TB in Jigawa state was found to be significantly increasing. Out of all the 9590 patients seen at the center, 6538 (68.18 %) are males and3052 (31.82%) are females. HIV co - infection with Tuberculosis occurred in 9.94% of the patients considered. This study shows a high percentage of infection: 30.14% between the age group of 25-34.In general, Pulmonary TB has a higher prevalence of 95.69% compared to Extra Pulmonary TB that has 4.31%
Genetic Improvement of Lentil [Lens culinaris Medikus] Between 1980 and 2010 in Ethiopia
Get PDFInformation about changes associated with advances in crop breeding is essential for understanding yield-limiting factors and developing new strategies for future breeding programs. Eleven lentil varieties released in Ethiopia between 1980 and 2010 were grown in 2010 main cropping season at Debre Zeit and Enewari using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications with the objective to estimate the genetic progress in grain yield and agro-morphological traits of lentil. The estimated yield gains were 18.02 kg ha-1yr–1 at Enewari and 27.82 kg ha-1yr –1 at Debre Zeit, which suggests that the breeding effort does not have a similar effect on the two locations. Besides, significantly increasing trends parallel to variety release were also evident for biomass yield, biomass production rate, reduced days to flowering, and hundred seed weight at Debre Zeit. And also for biomass yield, hundred seed weight, biomass production rate, seed growth rate, and reduced number of seeds per pod at Enewari. Stepwise regression analysis also showed that biomass yield, harvest index, reduced number of days to flowering and plant height at Debre Zeit; seed growth rate and grain filling period at Enewari accounted for 99.8% and 94.5% of the variation among the varieties in grain yield respectively. The genetic gain was most clearly associated with a higher biomass yield and harvest index at Debre Zeit indicating the importance of biomass partitioning. The increase in seed growth rate and grain filling period with gradual reduction in number of seeds per pod associated with an increased hundred seed weight has represented the main breeding goal with an effect on the sink capacity at Enewari.
 
Asthma Patients\u27 Cloud-Based Health Tracking and Monitoring System in Designed Flashpoint
Get PDFAsthma is a chronic illness that causes improper respiratory organ function and breathing problems. Three hundred fifty million people worldwide have bronchial asthma, or one in 12 adults. Self-monitoring is the first step in managing chronic illness. This lets doctors and people monitor and address health conditions in real-time. Telemonitoring is a phrase used in IT to remotely monitor the health of patients who are not in hospitals or medical centers. Wearable medical sensors, such as IoT-based remote asthma and blood pressure sensors, capture real-time information from remotely located patients. The medical information is then transmitted through the Internet for medical diagnosis and therapy. Classical Spirometry measures how effectively a patient\u27s lungs function and requires supervision. We want to support impacted patients; thus, we built a monitoring system. With sensors including heartbeat, dust, temperature, and humidity, the device will collect health-related data and upload it to the cloud, helping doctors diagnose patients. This study uses private cloud computing to track and monitor real-time medical information in approved areas. In addition, the private cloud-based environment called a bounded telemonitoring system is meant to capture real-time medical details of patients in the medical centers inside and outside medical wards. In addition, a new wireless sensor network scenario is intended to monitor patients\u27 health information 24/7. This research secures medical information access and guides future medical system development
Bioactive Compounds from Aspergillus Terreus MP15, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Swietenia Macrophylla Leaf
Get PDFEndophytes are important sources for the discovery of bioactive compounds. They are known as potential producers of novel compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this study, it aimed to study the bioactive metabolites present in the ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus MP15 of Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The ethyl acetate extract showed promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive foodborne bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus spizizenii, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) in disc diffusion assay. The extract was then subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) using dichloromethane: methanol (9:1) as a mobile solvent system and eleven spots with diverse polarities were obtained. The TLC chromatogram with bioactive spot was localized with bioautography assay and the result showed that the yellow spot with Rf value of 0.523 exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the four Gram-positive bacteria tested. Upon partial purification of the yellow bioactive fraction using column chromatography, the fraction 2a exhibited promising antibacterial activity. The GC-MS analysis of the yellow fraction 2a resulted in the detection of a major compound, di-n-octyl phthalate with 80% matching factor. Therefore, this compound may largely contribute to the antibacterial activity of the fraction and has potential to be food preservative and as a colorant. These results indicate that endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants could be a potential source for bioactive compounds
Preparation of CdTe Nuclear Detector Material in Thin Film Form using Thermal Evaporation Method
Get PDFA study is initiated about cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials deposition and characterization for radiation detector application. The CdTe thin film was grown on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique in vacuum to avoid the inclusion of impurities in the films. Three different samples were prepared where film thickness were 500, 600 and 700 nm measured by insitu quartz crystal thickness monitoring device during deposition process. The structural studies of the films were carried out using (X-ray diffraction) XRD analytical study and optical measurements were performed in the UV-VIS-NIR region using a spectrophotometer. The films grown at room temperature are polycrystalline as found by X-ray diffraction peaks. The optical transmission spectra of CdTe films showed a high transmission of about 85% to 90% in the visible region with a sharp fall near the fundamental absorption at 880 nm wavelength for the 500 and 600 nm films, and fundamental absorption at 1270 nm wavelength for 700 nm film
Seed Rate and Sowing Method Effects on Seed Quality of Bread Wheat (triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Horo District, Western Ethiopia
Get PDFAlthough wheat varieties were released with recommended seed rates, farmers usually apply their specific seed rates for various reasons. A study was conducted in Horo District to determine the effect of seeding rate and sowing methods on the seed quality of bread wheat using field and laboratory experiments, in the 2011 cropping season. The field experiment was conducted at Shambu, Bako agricultural research center sub-site while the seed quality analysis was performed at seed laboratory of Holetta Agricultural Research Center. The field experiment consisted of three factors in a factorial combination of two levels of variety (Molgo which is local and Digelu or HAR-3116 which is an improved one), two levels of sowing methods (broadcast and row) and four levels of seed rate (125, 150, 175 and 200 kg/ha) arranged in RCBD with three replications. Samples of harvested seed from those treatment combinations were subjected to seed quality analysis according to procedures described by ISTA 2003. The result of Seed quality analysis showed that physical purity, standard germination, the speed of germination, vigor index-I and II, and field emergence index were significantly affected by treatment effects. All these parameters were higher in Digelu than in Molgo at the lowest seed rate (125 kg/ha) studied in row except the mean value of speed of germination which was higher for Molgo at a seed rate of 150 kg/ha. Six fungi and one bacterium species were associated with the seed samples studied. The results indicated that good quality seed was produced when both varieties were sown in row at a seed rate of 125 kg/ha. Moreover, variety Digelu was better in terms of seed quality than variety Molgo at all seed rates and both sowing methods
The Impacts of Cost Sharing in Health Services in Geita Distrct, Tanzania
Get PDFA study on the impact of cost sharing in health services was carried out in Geita District focussing on health service provision. A sample size of 96 respondents includes 24 health workers and 72 households’ heads. Household heads were chosen to represent the community receiving health services. Health workers were chosen to represent health service providers who are providing health services in the study area. A cross sectional research design was adopted involving administration of structured questionnaires to both primary and secondary partners, complemented by relevant documentation. Statistical Package for Social services (SPSS) software was employed in data coding and analysis. The study revealed that the aim of cost sharing on health service is good. But the nature of the Tanzanians of being poor among the poorer and poor government procedure for sensitizing its policies before implementation impend the target and objectives of cost sharing on health service. More than 67% people earn less than 50,000 per month and more than 10% do not attend hospital services if they become sick. Also, more than 58% of people are not aware about cost sharing on health service. The study makes the following recommendations to improve health service provision under cost sharing policy. The spirit of working very hard in production activities should be done by all Tanzanians to reduce poverty. The government should educate its people at all levels such as villages, wards, division, district, region and national to make them aware on any policy like cost sharing on health service. Capacity building should be done to health workers to follow all the guidelines and conditions of cost sharing on health service provision