Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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Internet of Things in Agriculture for Smart Farming
Full text linkInternet of Things in Agricultural Farming’ deals with the use IoTs in providing farmers the means to do multiple parallel things with wifi connected and increase their productivity in turn increasing their yearly revenue and profits. This will not only help the farmer but the raw materials which come out will be more than what would have yielded if the farmer had done all by themselves. The IoT network comprises systems and a network of web-connected intelligent devices that employ encoded networks like sensors, processors, and interactive hardware to receive, send and store data. The use of IoT in Agricultural Farming is no doubt going to greatly enhance farming and improve yields
Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients
Full text linkVery little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.
 
Birds of Rawanwadi Region Bhandara, Central India
Full text linkThe region of Rawanwadi reservoir is a good habitat for insects, fishes, reptiles as well as birds. Its geographical location is 21.043197 N, 79.729924 E. Observations were done by two visits on every month from May 2015 to April 2016 in the morning and evening hours. Bird observation and recording were done with the help of binocular and digital cameras. Total 143 species of birds were recorded belonging to 15 orders and 41 families. Out of total 143 species 07 are migrant, 95 are Resident and 41 are Resident migrant. Seasonal variation is well marked in birds due to availability of food and nesting and suitable environmental conditions. Largest number (60) of bird species is recorded from order Passeriformes which belonging to 17 families.
 
HPTLC Profiles and Antioxidant Activities from Leaves to Green and Roasted Beans of Coffea Arabica
Full text linkThe health benefits of coffee consumption are a very actual research subject, given the fact that is one of the most popular beverages in the world. The majority of the studies are concentrated to coffee beans (green or roasted) chemical composition (the most important non-volatile compounds investigated being phenols and alkaloids) and pharmacological activity. Green coffee is now in the market in the form of food supplements products. In the present, the chemical composition and bioactivity of the leaves occupy a small place in scientific papers.
This research paper investigate, in terms of caffeine, phenolic compounds composition and antioxidant activities, the differences and similarities between hydroalcoholic extracts of Coffea arabica leaves and green and roasted beans. The extracts profiles, determined by HPTLC technique, shows the major phenolic compounds. Through chromatographic fingerprint, the presence and the amount of caffeine in the extracts were also determined. The total phenolic content (TPC) (Folin Ciocalteu method) expressed as gallic acid equivalents decrease from the leaves to green and roasted coffee beans extracts. The IC50 (concentration of sample required to inhibit 50% of the DPPH free radical) was determined by free radical scavenging activity of Dpph. The IC50 values were TPC concentration-dependent. The obtained results show that in the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves are almost the same major phenolic compounds as in the green coffee beans extract. Also, the leaves extract have a higher content in total phenols and a better antioxidant activity comparative to the other samples. Therefore, this paper can be the first step for further investigations of coffee leaves extracts, which might have important health beneficial effects and can be a reliable raw material for food supplements industry
Effect of Fungicides in Controlling Wilt Disease of Cumin
Full text linkThe experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during 2014-15 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling wilt disease of cumin. The treatments were five fungicides viz. Sunvit 50 WP @0.5%, Secure @0.02%, Rovral 50 WP @0.2%, Bavistin DF @0.25%, Provax 200 WP (0.25%) and one control (untreated). Cumin line CN 026 was used in the experiment. Wilt incidence ranged from 13.45 - 37.69%, while the lowest incidence was recorded In Bavistin treated plots which was statistically similar to Provax and Sunvit, and the highest incidence was recorded in control. Bavistin (0.25%) gave the highest number of umbels/plant, number of umbel lets/plant, number of seeds/umbel, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant and seed yield (586.5 kg/ha) which was followed by Provax and Sunvit, and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from control treatment.
 
Factors Influencing Food Shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality, Tanzania
Full text linkGlobally food shortage is still a problem for instance Africa, the most of popular region in the world still has the highest of under nourished. The probable answer to what are the factors influencing food shortage In Tanzania are not well known and documented. This study sought to assess the factors influencing the food shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality by identifying factors influencing food shortage, determining the status of food availability and accessibility and finding out the possible measures to be taken in order to overcome the problem of food. Structured questionnaire, observation and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries. Generally, this study concludes that food shortage in the study area is influencing by, climate change, bad tradition believe, poor government support, laziness culture, land degradation and infertility land. However, the government should not delay to implement its policies practically especially to the small producers so as to establish strong base on agriculture. Also, the government to employ as many as it can agricultural officers so as to allow farmers to get frequent visitors who will advise them on how to produce efficiently their products by using irrigation methods and scientific methods like the use of improved seeds.
 
Cancer Incidence in Nigeria and Border Countries
Full text linkMany inequalities in cancer incidence exist between Nigeria and border countries. This information is absent or largely unavailable.
Benin, Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria cover a population of more than 224,922,000. Globocan data base supplied incidence for 132,939cases of cancer for these countries. The prevalence of Bladder, Colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma, Larynx, Leukaemia, Lip, oral cavity, Liver, Lungwas estimated for the year 2012.The prevalence of Nasopharynx, Non – Hodgkin, Lymphoma, Pancrease, Prostrate, Stomach combined was also estimated for the same year.
The most common male cancer found in Nigeria and border countries is Prostate cancer, seconded by Liver. In this study also we found Breast cancer to be the most common in females, followed by Cervical Cancer. Larynx and Kaposi sarcoma are found to be the least common cancer for both males and females in the population.
In conclusion, the findings of this study gave lights to some guidelines to aid the design of cancer control programs in Nigeria and border countries. The spectrum of the cancers is dominated by the breast & Cervix uteri for females, while Prostate & Liver for males.
 
Tree Species Preferred for Wood Fuel in Brick Making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study aimed at identifying the tree species commonly used in brick making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania and proposing means for generation of modified energy sources that would cover the full value of forest resource production and consumption. The research approach was two-folds using; Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and quantitative measurements. Results revealed that almost all brick makers in the area used fuelwood as the major energy sources. Nine (9) tree species were used in brick making, namely; Mkarati (Burkea africana), Mlama (Combretum molle), Mbiriti (Senna siamea), Muarobaini (Azadirachta indica) and Mwembe (Mangifera indica). Others were Mkaratusi (Eucalyptus spp), Mchongoma (Pithecellobium dulce) Mjohoro (Senna spectabilis) and Mkrisimasi (Delonix regia). Of these, Mkarati, Mwembe, Mlama and Mbiriti were mostly preferred, though other species were also used insignificantly. Increasing scarcity of some of other tree species meant that deforestation from the nearby forests was a common problem. To reduce deforestation in the area, use of alternative energy sources in brick making such as rice husks and bagasse are recommended. Other recommendations are the establishment of woodlots, practicing agro-forestry systems and intensive afforestation and reforestation programmes for more sustainable fuelwood use
Screening of Three Different Alleles of mtDNA (G709A, G3496T, A3537G) in Subpopulation of UKM Students
Full text linkHuman DNA consists of nucleus DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Both are valuable in medicine and forensic genetics but in this project, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mtDNA are used to trace the mutation occurred. Mutations in the sequence of alleles can lead to haplogroup variation and also certain diseases. The purpose of this study is to screen of mutations on alleles G709A, G3496T, and A3537G in Malay population of The National University of Malaysia (UKM) students. These SNPs lie in the ND1 (nitrogen dehydrogenase subunit 1) coding region, and the reports state that these three alleles are prone to mutate. From MitoMap Web site, the mutations of these alleles are reported to have potential in causing several diseases with the collaboration of other SNPs mutation. Allele G709A is reported to have an association with hearing loss and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) while allele G3496T is associated to LHON only. Allele A3537G is related to diabetes. A total of 100 DNA samples were collected from Malay students of UKM and preserved on FTA card to be purified later. The concentration of the DNA on the purified FTA card was between 10μM to 20μM. An attempt was made by amplifying those three loci from the genomic DNA. The amplified product was detected and separated using 1% gel electrophoresis. Before sequencing, the PCR products were visualized under UV light using gel documentation system. All PCR products were sequenced to detect the mutation on every single position chosen. From the alignment of sequencing results, allele G709A and allele G3496T showed no mutation. Meanwhile four samples from alleles A3537G has the mutation. From the results obtained, it seems that mutations are rare in all selected alleles. It is recommended to increase the sample size and alleles selected in the future to increase the strength of the study. This study also should be applied to other populations in Malaysia such as Chinese and Indian.
 
Characteristics Analysis of High Energy External Radiotherapy Beams in Water
Full text linkHigh energy external radiotherapy beam is being used widely for cancer treatment. Biological effect of radiation is concerned with the evaluation of energy absorbed in the tissue. The study of photon and electron beam characteristics is necessary before calibration machine. The aim of this study was to analysis characteristics of depth dose of different energy beams in water to enhance the quality of the radiotherapy treatment planning. Beam is attenuated by the medium and the transmitted beam with less intensity causes lesser absorbed dose as the depth increases. Relative attenuation on certain points on the beam axis and certain percentage of doses on different depths for 4-15 MV photon beams and 4-18 MeV electron beams have been investigated. Depth dose characteristics of the beams do not show identical attributes as interaction of the beams with matters is mainly governed by beam quality. Attenuation and penetration parameters show variation with dosimetric parameters like field size due to scattering and source to surface distance due to inverse square law but the major parameter in interaction is energy. Detailed analysis of the beam characteristics helps to select appropriate beam for radiotherapy treatment when variety of beam energies available and hence to increase accuracy in radiotherapy treatment.