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Age-related Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Produce Fusion Peptides in Mice
Get PDFDeletions in mitochondrial DNA occur from oxidative stress generated during physiological processes. Such deletions have been associated with ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration. In this study, the outcome of mtDNA deletions has been investigated to justify the physiological effect of such mtDNA deletion. For this, five established and two predicted age-related murine mtDNA deletions were analyzed for fusion peptide. Three out of the five established deletions and all the predicted deletions produced fusion proteins like COXIII-ND5, ND3-ND5, ATP6-ND5, and ND5-CYTB. Interestingly, we have observed that the partners of these fusion proteins are from different complexes. Thereby, these fusion proteins can produce chimeric complexes that could bypass the usual electron transport system and could make short-circuit across the mitochondrial membrane. Such event can provoke more oxidative stress leading to further accumulation of mtDNA damage and apoptosis.
 
Study of Exponential Thermal Boundary Condition on Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in a Square Enclosure Filled with Fe3O4- Water Ferrofluid
Get PDFIn this paper, magnetohydrodynamic convection is analyzed numerically for a square enclosure filled with Fe3O4–water ferrofluid. A time-dependent exponential thermal boundary condition is applied at the bottom wall of the cavity. The ferrofluid is modeled as a single-phase fluid. Maxwell-Garnet model is used for modeling the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the ferrofluid. The Galerkin-weighted residuals method of finite-element analysis is adopted for the numerical solutions. The solid volume fraction, f is varied from 2.5 to 10% and the Hartmann number Ha from 0 to 20. Investigations are carried out for Rayleigh number Ra =104 and 105 over dimensionless times τ=0.01–1.0. The present study indicates that Ra, Ha and f, have a significant effect on heat transfer. At τ =1, if Ra=104, a higher solid volume fraction maximizes heat transfer whereas at Ra=105, a lower solid volume fraction maximizes heat transfer. Moreover, at τ =1, incrementing Ha diminishes heat transfer at Ra=104 whereas an optimum value of Ha=10 maximizes heat transfer for Ra=105. The exponential thermal boundary conditions have a certain importance on heat transfer. The present results provide necessary information for further investigation of heat transfer in its different applications
Evaluating the Potential Use of Tidal Energy: A Study of Different Regions in Kuwait
Get PDFThis Study is based on Statistical Data of Tidal Waves in the Different Regions of Kuwait. Nowadays, Kuwait city is considered a good example for the countries that characterizes with an essential rate of exhaustion of energy. This in turns results in a substantial increase with need of immaculate and renewable energy obstetrics origins that can be used in generating electricity. This Paper aims to estimate the possibility for employing tidal energy in Kuwait city according to statistically collected data about tidal waves in several areas. Statistics associated to current velocity of water were gathered from Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. Additionally, Civil Aviation Meteorological Department was managed to be appropriate for obtaining information about current velocity of water. The obtained results in this paper showed that there is a great possibility to use resources of renewable within Kuwait to achieve the demands of energy. Also, the results shows that Plants of tidal power are built within different locations, and the MENA area still lacks to tidal power plant, where that the lone reported plant of the power via tides is the that reputable through an Israeli company called WERPO
A Novel Real-Time Vehicle Tracking System Using Arduino
Get PDFWith the rapid increase in advancement in the world of technology, it has become highly important to the people to have the flexibility to monitor and control their physical property as well as personal data. Although physical transportation systems have made it easier for people to travel, it has also become a hazard in several ways. Therefore, a real-time tracking device has been designed in this project to cater to the issues of monitoring of vehicles. In this paper, we developed a system using Arduino Uno R3, Global System for Mobile (GSM) device and Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the exact and accurate position of the vehicle at a location. Arduino IDE software is utilized to code the Arduino Uno R3 and its microcontroller. The system is also equipped with display facilities to show the information to the user. The latitude and longitude of the vehicle’s location are displayed on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Furthermore, two software is utilized to display the data. ThingSpeak was used to display the trend of the vehicle’s motion by using charts of latitude and longitude, and Freeboard is utilized to display the same information in the form of a map. This map could easily be read by the user to pinpoint the exact location of the vehicle at any given time. It will be highly useful to monitor the exact locations of the delivery vehicle used by food-related businesses. Finally, by having latitude and longitude, users can successfully track their vehicle location on electronic maps using internet. Thus, the entire system has been tested thoroughly in real time and it is said to function successfully in helping users to locate their vehicles in the event of a theft
Review on Emission of Radiated Electromagnetic Fields from Train Pantograph Arcing
Get PDFPantograph arc is one of the most common and yet unavoidable difficulties in electrified railways. During winter the intensity of arcing increases due to ice layer on the overhead catenary wire. In AC traction system, the sinusoidal waveforms of the supply voltage and current distort due to pantograph arcing. It generates both conducted and radiated emission in a wide band. Both the DC component and higher order conducted and radiated emission increases with line speed. The amplitude of the DC voltage shows a wide variation concerning train speed, applied voltage, type of electrical load, the gap between the contact wire and the pantograph and current. In this paper, pantograph arcing and its effects on the railway vehicles are described. Sliding contact between the pantograph contact strips and the catenary contact wire is illustrated with the emphasis on the pantograph arcing. Arc characteristics, formation methods, extinction and resignation of the arc are studied. This paper presents a comprehensive review on pantograph arcing and its effects near radio-based mobile communications and other signaling instruments and some other related areas
Chemically Converted Graphene as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Inorganic Photovoltaics (OPVS)
Get PDFoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/170Concerns about Global Warming and diminishing fossil fuel reserves have accelerated the search for low cost sources of renewable energy. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) could be one such source; however, they have a list of shortcomings, including low efficiencies, short lifetimes, and reliance on poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), an expensive and highly acidic (pH = 1) hole transport layer. Replacing PEDOT: PSS with chemically derived graphene may eliminate one of the drawbacks associated with OPVs. This paper took the first step towards that goal by developing a process to synthesize and characterize inverted and normal poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6, 6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells. Although detrimental to the stability of the cells, ambient synthesis replicated the conditions required for large-scale, industrial production. The utilization of graphene oxide (GO) thin films as the hole transport and electron blocking layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is demonstrated. The incorporation of GO deposited from neutral solutions between the photoactive poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer and the transparent and conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) leads to a decrease in recombination of electrons and holes and leakage currents. This results in a dramatic increase in the OPV efficiencies to values that are comparable to devices fabricated with PEDOT: PSS as the hole transport layer. Our results indicate that GO could be a simple solution process able Alternative to PEDOT: PSS as the effective hole transport and electron blocking layer in OPV and light-emitting diode devices
Implications of Industrialized Building System on Labor Demand and Cost
Get PDFHigh dependence on foreign workers in the construction industry has been long known to be one of the contributing factors of labor demand issue. To address this problem, the implementation of new technology innovations, such as the Industrialized Building System (IBS) is suggested. The purpose of this research paper is to identify the implication of IBS on the labor requirement of the construction industry. In this paper, the authors used the survey-questionnaire method. The research involved data from the surveys completed by the contractors registered with the CIDB. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been applied, and the reliability of the DEA result has also been proved. The result obtained from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), indicates that IBS contractors are still required to hire an unskilled worker to undergo the new technology transition. However, when the adoption rate of IBS gets higher, the issue of substantial influx and dependency on a foreign worker in the construction industry can be resolved gradually. Although the investment cost is high during the initial stage, IBS can help to reduce the construction cost in the long-term
Development of an Empirical Model for the Wear Rate of Contact Bearing Materials Using a Standard Pin-On-Disc Test
Get PDFThe wear rate for contact bearing materials is studied as a function of a number of potentially influential factors, including applied load, rotational speed, sliding distance, and material type. A standard pin-on-disc test is used to conduct this study. Two levels of applied load (20 and 10 N), rotational speed (100 and 200 rpm), sliding distance (150 and 450 m), and material type (AISI 440C and AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel) were tested. Tests is run according to the design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Experimental results are analysed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach in order to determine the factors that have a significant impact on the wear rate. An empirical model is developed to fit the true relationship between wear rate and the significant factors in the case AISI 440C and AISI 420 materials. Finally, the morphology of the worn surface is studied using SEM and EDX images
Unlocking PHP\u27s Potential: An All-Inclusive Approach to Server-Side Scripting
Get PDFPHP powers many dynamic and interactive websites in the ever-growing world of web development. PHP was initially called "Personal Home Page," but it has since become the Hypertext Preprocessor we know. This detailed article examines PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), a dynamic server-side scripting language that has shaped the digital landscape since 1994. PHP has grown from a tool for managing a personal website to a flexible language powering much of the web. A detailed look into PHP object-oriented programming reveals its organizational benefits, while a separate section covers session management, form handling, and database interfaces in web development. PHP application security comes first, addressing common vulnerabilities and recommending best practices. The study covers PHP frameworks, development tools, scalability, and performance optimization. Finally, it considers PHP\u27s role in Web 3.0 and its future in upcoming technologies. This PHP exploration seeks to help developers master and innovate in the ever-changing web development landscape
Tannery Wastewater Treatment Using Low Cost Coagulants with Simple Coagulation-Filtration Process
Get PDFTannery is the oldest industries in the world. It is characterized as pollutants generating industries, which produce wide varieties of high strength toxic residues. This study has been focused on the removal of physicochemical parameters of tannery wastewater through simple coagulation-filtration techniques using low cost coagulants. Standard methods were used for sampling and analysis. Removal efficiency was measured in terms of reduction of COD, BOD5, suspended solids (SS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity and color. Several doses of coagulants e.g. alum, ferric chloride and their combination were used in treatment process. Maximum removal efficiency was obtained with the combination of alum and ferric chloride dosing at 75 mg/L in terms of color, BOD5, COD, TDS, SS and conductivity corresponding to 75%, 78%, 76%, 37%, 94% and 41% respectively and that were increased to92%, 82%, 80%, 48%, 98% and 51% respectively after sand-stone filtration. Ferric chloride and combination of alum and ferric chloride are recommended for the effective primary treatment of tannery wastewater. The filtration with multi-layer sand-stone filter was effective in removing of color, TDS, conductivity and SS