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High hydraulic safety, water use efficiency and a conservative resource‐use strategy in woody species of high‐altitude environments: A global study
No full textAbstract Understanding the impact of altitude on leaf hydraulic, gas exchange, and economic traits is crucial for comprehending vegetation properties and ecosystem functioning. This knowledge also helps to elucidate species' functional strategies regarding their vulnerability or resilience to global change effects in alpine environments. Here, we conducted a global study of dataset encompassing leaf hydraulic, gas exchange, and economic traits for 3391 woody species. The results showed that high‐altitude species possessed greater hydraulic safety ( K leaf P 50 ), higher water use efficiency ( WUE i ) and conservative resource use strategy such as higher leaf mass per area, longer leaf lifespan, lower area‐based leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents, and lower rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration. Conversely, species at lower altitudes exhibited lower hydraulic safety ( K leaf P 50 ), lower water use efficiency ( WUE i ) and an acquisitive resource use strategy. These global patterns of leaf traits in relation to altitude reveal the strategies that alpine plants employ for hydraulic safety, water use efficiency, and resource, which have important implications for predicting forest productivity and acclimation to rapid climate change.National Natural Science Foundation of China https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000180
Spatial alignment and the motion bridging effect: Reversals in the direction of an illusory rotation
No full textWhen a stationary ring of points precedes or follows an “inducing ring” of points that spins so rapidly it appears to be a steady outline circle the stationary ring often appears to momentarily rotate in the direction of the inducing ring's spin. In previous studies of this “motion bridging effect” (MBE) the start and stop positions of the inducing ring points were spatially aligned with the points of the stationary ring. Here we report that as these start and stop positions are progressively displaced across the spaces separating the points of the stationary test ring the MBE direction congruency effect decreases and then reverses, so that the illusory rotation is predominantly opposite to the direction of the inducing ring spin. This reverse congruency effect peaks when the points of the inducing ring start and stop midway between the points of the stationary test ring, with congruency returning as further displacements bring the point positions back into alignment. We conclude that the MBE is not only determined by the inducing ring's rotation direction, but also by an interaction between the inducing and test ring points at the moment the inducing ring starts or stops. We consider various ways of accounting this effect. Explanations based on direction cuing by apparent motion steps, the motion aftereffect, and biphasic impulse responses are ruled out. A speculative explanation based on perceptual heuristics that interpret the competing motion direction signals generated by a transformation of contour segments of the spinning ring into the points of the stationary ring (or vice-versa) is proposed.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
The Potential of Transgenic Hybrid Aspen Plants with a Recombinant Lac Gene from the Fungus Trametes hirsuta to Degrade Trichlorophenol
No full textObjective: Laccases are known to be able to degrade phenolic compounds to simpler components. The main objective of our study was to analyze this property in transgenic aspen plants carrying the laccase gene Lac from Trametes hirsuta which can be potentially used in soil phytoremediation. Methods: We created transgenic aspen plants carrying the laccase gene Lac from Trametes hirsute using the agrobacterial transformation of stem explants with the pBI–Lac vector containing the Lac gene from the white rot fungus T. hirsuta 072 (NCBI GenBank accession number KP027478). Transgenic plants were micropropagated and cultivated in vitro in lines. The degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) by plant roots was analyzed by mass-spectrometry with electron ionization using a gas chromatograph. Results: Although plants have their own laccases, those of fungal origin are more effective. All transgenic plants that expressed the recombinant gene degraded 2,4,6-TCP more effectively than non-transformed plants in the control (the degradation efficiency ranged 92 to 98% versus 82% in non-transformed control). Line 47Lac8 demonstrated a 16% higher efficiency than the non-transformed plants in the control. There was also an inverse relationship between the viability of a transgenic line and its level of expression of the recombinant gene. Thus, line 47Lac4 was not viable under native conditions, probably due to lignin synthesis disruptions during the initiation of secondary tissues. This is confirmed by changes in the expression of native genes of lignin biosynthesis. The rest of the transgenic lines did not differ significantly from control in wood growth and biochemistry. The transgenic plant roots were shown to preserve the ability to express the Lac gene ex vitro. Conclusions: Three transgenic lines (47Lac5, 47Lac8, and 47Lac23) with the Lac gene can be recommended for use in soil phytoremediation
Public Opinion Evolution Based on the Two-Dimensional Theory of Emotion and Top2Vec-RoBERTa
No full textThis paper applies the concept of symmetry to the design of a research methodology for public opinion evolution, emphasizing that both the construction and analysis processes of the method embody symmetrical principles. In today’s information age, dominated by social media, online platforms have become crucial venues for information dissemination. While the free flow of information promotes public participation, it also introduces certain challenges. Therefore, analyzing the evolution of public opinion and extracting public sentiment holds significant practical value for managing online public sentiment. This study takes the Zibo barbecue incident as a case study, utilizing the two-dimensional theory of emotion and Top2Vec for thematic analysis of public opinion comments. By combining sentiment dictionary methods with the RoBERTa model, we conduct a sentiment polarity analysis of public opinion comments. The results show that the RoBERTa model achieved an accuracy of 98.46% on the test set. The proposed method effectively uncovers public sentiment biases and the influencing factors on public emotions during the evolution of public opinion events, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the emotional dynamics throughout the development of public sentiment. This deeper insight aids in addressing issues related to public opinion more effectively
Office Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
No full textAbstract X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common inherited form of hypophosphatemic rickets. Children with XLH have an increased risk of obesity, which may promote high blood pressure, but data on blood pressure in XLH are inconclusive. We aimed to assess blood pressure and its determinants in pediatric XLH patients. We conduct a prospective, multicenter observational study of children with XLH in Germany and Switzerland. Office blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were annually measured in 128 pediatric XLH patients with a median follow-up of 2 years (range 1–6). Potential predictors of blood pressure were investigated by Spearman correlation. Seventeen percent of patients were treated with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D for a median of 8 years, 83% of patients received burosumab for 2.3 years with 3.1 years of prior treatment with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D. Median systolic (0.75 z-score) and diastolic (0.32 z-score) blood pressure and BMI (0.72 z-score) were increased compared to healthy children (each p < 0.01). The prevalence of obesity (9.8% vs. 3%), arterial hypertension (26.2% vs. 5%), and high-normal blood pressure (22.9% vs. 5%) was higher in the XLH cohort compared to the general pediatric population (each p < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed significant associations between both systolic (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.20; p < 0.05) blood pressure with BMI, while the mode of treatment, i.e. burosumab versus phosphate supplements and active vitamin D, was no significant correlate. Children with XLH present with elevated office blood pressure values, associated with elevated BMI.Kyowa KirinElse Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003042Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH
Correction to: Denitrification in Agricultural Soils– Integrated control and Modelling at various scales (DASIM)
No full textLeaflet‐specific Structure and Dynamics of Solid and Polymer Supported Lipid Bilayers
No full textPolymer‐supported or tethered lipid bilayers serve as versatile platforms for mimicking plasma membrane structure and dynamics, yet the impact of polymer supports on lipid bilayers remains largely unresolved. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology that combines graphene‐induced energy transfer (GIET) with line‐scan fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (lsFLCS) to examine the structural and dynamic properties of lipid bilayers. Our findings reveal that polymer supports markedly influence both the structural parameters, such as the membrane height from the substrate, its thickness, as well as dynamic properties, including leaflet‐specific diffusion coefficients and interleaflet coupling. These findings highlight the complex interplay between a polymer support and the lipid bilayers. By resolving leaflet‐specific diffusion and heights of the two leaflets from the substrate, this study emphasizes the potential of GIET‐lsFLCS for probing membrane dynamics and structure. These insights significantly advance the understanding and application of polymer‐supported membranes across diverse research contexts
Post-Variscan thermal history of the Boskovice Basin (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic) based on thermochronology data
No full textMetagenomic insights of microbial functions under conventional and conservation agriculture
No full textEnvironmental Planning & Coordination Organisation (EPCO), Ministry of Environment, Government of Madhya Pradesh, IndiaRUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Progra
Drying-rewetting cycles decrease temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012165 Key Technologies Research and Development Programhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002865 Chongqing Science and Technology Commissio