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Transcatheter mitral repair in patients with symptomatic moderate functional mitral regurgitation: 1-year outcomes from the MiCLASP study
No full text357P ADJUBIL: A phase II study of durvalumab and tremelimumab with or without capecitabine in ADJUvant BILiary tract cancer: The IKF/AIO-ADJUBIL trial
No full textRelative contributions of biotic vs. abiotic drivers to iron and manganese dynamics during subalpine vegetation succession
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100018754 Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tibet Autonomous Regionhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100018647 RUDN Universityhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of Chin
Quantitative soil mapping in Sudan−a systematic review
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156 Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftun
Combined robot-assisted surgery of upper and lower genitourinary tract with excellent early functional and oncological outcome – a case report of a concomitant nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, diverticulectomy and ureterectomy
No full textAbstract Introduction and importance "Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract" (CAKUT) represent a heterogeneous and rare group of disorders affecting the urinary tract. Despite the widespread availability of ultrasound, the diagnosis of congenital urinary tract malformations is often made in adulthood. As a result, CAKUT are typically incidental findings during imaging investigations. This case report represents the first description of a simultaneous surgical therapy of CAKUT and nerve-sparing-prostatectomy, demonstrating that concomitant surgery does not present disadvantages and that a successful nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy can still be performed under NeuroSAFE control. Case presentation In this report, we describe a patient with prostate adenocarcinoma who had an incidental finding of left-sided CAKUT, including kidney aplasia, ureterocele, and bladder diverticulum. The patient underwent a simultaneous nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, ureterectomy, and diverticulectomy. After catheter removal on day 10 after surgery, the patient demonstrated adequate continence (6gr in 24 h pad test, 450 ml voiding volume, no residual urine). The pathological examination revealed a pT2c pN0 (0/5) R0, GS 3 + 4 = 7a adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the surgery and its outcomes. Conclusion This case demonstrates for the first time that a combined approach to complex surgeries of both the upper and lower genitourinary tracts, addressing oncological considerations, can be performed safely without compromising early functional or early oncological outcomes
The Moral Brain in Context: Political Orientation, Empathy, and Evaluation of Everyday Behavior
No full textMoral judgments are central to guiding social interactions, influencing whom we trust, cooperate with, or avoid. While extensive research has examined the cognitive and affective bases of moral evaluation, less is known about how stable traits – such as political orientation and empathy – shape these judgments and their neural correlates in ecologically valid contexts. Across two studies, we investigated how people evaluate individuals who committed harmful, helpful, or neutral actions. In Study 1 (N = 214), participants read everyday moral scenarios paired with neutral faces. Empathy moderated gender effects in judging harmful acts, and political orientation selectively influenced ratings of morally ambiguous (neutral) actions. In Study 2 (N = 39), pre-screened conservatives and progressives (N = 675 prescreen) viewed the same agents in an EEG paradigm. Likeability ratings varied by moral valence but not political orientation. Event-related potential analyses revealed that conservatives showed consistently elevated Late Positive Potentials (LPPs) across all conditions, whereas progressives displayed selective LPP enhancement for helpful individuals, suggesting group differences in motivational salience attribution. Together, these findings show that political orientation and empathy influence both explicit moral evaluations and neural processing of socially relevant information. Such insights deepen our understanding of how enduring traits shape moral judgments
MedicoSAM: Towards foundation models for medical image segmentation
No full textMedical image segmentation is an important analysis task in clinical practice and research. Deep learning has massively advanced the field, but current approaches are mostly based on models trained for a specific task. Training such models or adapting them to a new condition is costly due to the need for (manually) labeled data. The emergence of vision foundation models, especially Segment Anything, offers a path to universal segmentation for medical images, overcoming these issues. Here, we study how to improve Segment Anything for medical images by comparing different finetuning strategies on a large and diverse dataset. We evaluate the finetuned models on a wide range of interactive and (automatic) semantic segmentation tasks. We find that the performance can be clearly improved for interactive segmentation. However, semantic segmentation does not benefit from pretraining on medical images. Our best model, MedicoSAM, is publicly available at https://github.com/computational-cell-analytics/medico-sam. We show that it is compatible with existing tools for data annotation and believe that it will be of great practical value
Anle138b ameliorates pathological phenotypes in mouse and cellular models of Huntington’s disease
No full textBrain-wide microstrokes affect the stability of memory circuits in the hippocampus
No full textCognitive deficits affect over 70% of stroke survivors, yet the mechanisms by which multiple small ischemic events contribute to cognitive decline remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed chronic two-photon calcium imaging to longitudinally track the fate of individual neurons in the hippocampus of mice navigating a virtual reality environment, both before and after inducing brain-wide microstrokes. Our findings reveal that, under normal conditions, hippocampal neurons exhibit varying degrees of stability in their spatial memory coding. However, microstrokes disrupted this functional network architecture, leading to cognitive impairments. Notably, the preservation of stable coding place cells, along with the stability, precision, and persistence of the hippocampal network, was strongly predictive of cognitive outcomes. Mice with more synchronously active place cells near important locations demonstrated recovery from cognitive impairment. This study uncovers critical cellular responses and network alterations following brain injury, providing a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies preventing cognitive decline
Compromising Tyrosine Hydroxylase Function Extends and Blunts the Temporal Profile of Reinforcement by Dopamine Neurons in Drosophila
No full textFor a proper representation of the causal structure of the world, it is adaptive to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. To take punishment as an example, the causality of a stimulus is unlikely if there is a temporal gap before punishment is received, but causality is credible if the stimulus immediately precedes punishment. In contrast, causality can be ruled out if the punishment occurred first. At the behavioral level, this is reflected in the associative principle of timing-dependent valence reversal: aversive memories are formed when a stimulus occurs before the punishment, whereas memories of appetitive valence are formed when a stimulus is presented upon the relieving termination of punishment. We map the temporal profile of memories induced by optogenetic activation of the PPL1-01 neuron in the fly Drosophila melanogaster (of either sex) and find that compromising tyrosine hydroxylase function, either acutely by pharmacological methods or by cell-specific RNAi, extends and blunts this profile. Specifically, it (1) enhances learning with a time gap between the stimulus and PPL1-01 punishment (better trace conditioning), (2) impairs learning when the stimulus immediately precedes PPL1-01 punishment (worse delay conditioning), and (3) prevents learning about a stimulus presented after PPL1-01 punishment has ceased (worse relief conditioning). Under conditions of low dopamine, we furthermore observe a role for serotonin that is pronounced in trace conditioning, weaker in delay conditioning, and absent in relief conditioning. We discuss the psychiatric implications if related alterations in the temporal profile of reinforcement were to occur in humans