E-JOURNALS OF UNIVERSITY SULKHAN-SABA ORBELIANI
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Applying the Principle of Fair Remuneration During the Collective Management of Authors’ Rights: Different Perspectives
Get PDFFair remuneration principle is one of the foundations of the authors’ rights and collective management of these rights is the process where the principle of fair remuneration has to be applied. This principle is not only a theoretical doctrine but rather a practical solution to the problems which emerge in the realities of different legal systems and geopolitical dimensions. Collective management organizations, established in Western Europe, have gone through an interesting path of development in the post-Soviet Eastern European countries, where they had to consider both: long-lasting Soviet heritage and the urgent need to implementa Western legal system. These contradictions have revealed numerous problems, which were less observable in Western countries. One of them is the calculation, collection, and distribution of the royalty fees on the fair basis of proportionality. Examination of several different examples shows how modern technologies can be used, in order to make this fair distribution real and apply the theoretical principle in practical realityFair remuneration principle is one of the foundations of the authors’ rights and collective management of these rights is the process where the principle of fair remuneration has to be applied. This principle is not only a theoretical doctrine but rather a practical solution to the problems which emerge in the realities of different legal systems and geopolitical dimensions. Collective management organizations, established in Western Europe, have gone through an interesting path of development in the post-Soviet Eastern European countries, where they had to consider both: long-lasting Soviet heritage and the urgent need to implementa Western legal system. These contradictions have revealed numerous problems, which were less observable in Western countries. One of them is the calculation, collection, and distribution of the royalty fees on the fair basis of proportionality. Examination of several different examples shows how modern technologies can be used, in order to make this fair distribution real and apply the theoretical principle in practical realit
The case of Spartan Steel
No full text`სპარტული ფოლადის~ საქმე ინგლისის სააპელაციო სასამართლოს საქმეებს შორის ერთ-ერთი მნიშვნელოვანია. იგი დაუდევრობით გამოწვეული `წმინდა ეკომონიკური ზარალის“ ანაზღაურების საკითხს ეხება. საქმეში მონაწილეობდნენ მოსარჩელე შპს `სპარტული ფოლადი და ელოისი, მოპასუხე შპს `მარტინი და კონტრაქტორებიThe Spartan Steel case is one of the most important cases in the English Court of Appeal. It refers to the compensation of ``pure economic loss'' caused by negligence. The plaintiff LLC "Spartuli Steel and Eloise", the defendant LLC "Martin" and contractors participated in the case
ეკლესიოლოგიის ძირითადი პრინციპები
Get PDFწინამდებარე ნაშრომში ეკლესიის რაობისა და მნიშვნელობის შესახებ ვისაუბრებთ. აღნიშნული საკითხი საკმაოდ მოცულობითია და აქედან გამომდინარე შევეცდებით, რომ მხოლოდ ძირითადი და კონკრეტული შტრიხები გამოვყოთ და მათზე მოვახდინოთ აქცენტირებ
რაფიელ ივანიცკი-ინგილო ავტოკეფალიის მიზნებისა და ამოცანების შესახებ
Get PDFპოსტსაბჭოურ საქართველოში ერთობ ხშირად გაისმის სიტყვა „ავტოკეფალია“, რაც უმეტესწილად დაკავშირებულია უკრაინისმართლმადიდებელი მოსახლეობის საგრძნობი ნაწილის სურვილთან, ამ ქვეყნის ყველა მართლმადიდებელი ერი და ბერი ერთ ადგილობრივ ეკლესიაში გაერთიანდეს და ამ ეკლესიის ავტოკეფალური მმართველობა მოძმე ეკლესიებმა კანონის საფუძველზე დაკანონიკურად დაადასტურონ. ქართულ დისკურსში ჩანან როგორც სასულიერო, ისე საერო წრეების წარმომადგენლები, რომლებიცაღნიშნული ბრძოლისადმი მეტწილად სოლიდარობას გამოხატავენ. ეს მოსალოდნელიცაა და გასაგებიც, მაგრამ გვრჩება შთაბეჭდილება, რომ ამ კამპანიაში ნაკლებად არის გამახვილებული ყურადღება ავტოკეფალიის, როგორც მოვლენის, არსებასა დამნიშვნელობაზე. არავინ სვამს კითხვებს: რისთვის სჭირდება ეკლესიას ავტოკეფალია? თვითმიზანია ის თუ საშუალება? და თუსაშუალებაა, მაინც რა მიზნის მიღწევის საშუალებაა ის? როგორ და რამდენად ეხმარება, უფრო სწორად, − შეიძლება დაეხმაროსავტოკეფალია ეკლესიას პირდაპირი და უშუალო დანიშნულების −სამწყსოს ევანგელიზაციის − სრულყოფის გზაზე
SCHISM OR ALIENATION?
No full textThis paper is about historical and canonical aspect of so-called schism between Eastern and Western Christian Churches. Readers have the opportunity to get acquainted with the main and important events, which led to the alienation between the two churches, or the two worlds (unfairly called Schism). On the other hand, he got acquainted with the Historical events, of which nature is conciliatory. Authors of the article, John Spiteris and Grigor Larentzakis, try to break down the existing stereotypes, that formed as a result of the alienation between the two churches, and ultimately. The article also presents and discusses the positive and negative aspects, that the representatives of both churches have, and most importantly, the paper makes it clear, that the 1054 Schism was personal and not syllogistic. A clear example of this fact is a document signed by the Patriarch of Constantinople Athenagoras and Pope Paul VI in 1965, according to which, in 1054, the Anathematisms published by Cardinal Humbert and the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularios, were annulled and they were no longer an obstacle to the rapprochement of the two churches.The leitmotif of the paper is the answer to the question: Schism or alienation? Which stems from historical reality and factsThis paper is about historical and canonical aspect of so-called schism between Eastern and Western Christian Churches. Readers have the opportunity to get acquainted with the main and important events, which led to the alienation between the two churches, or the two worlds (unfairly called Schism). On the other hand, he got acquainted with the Historical events, of which nature is conciliatory. Authors of the article, John Spiteris and Grigor Larentzakis, try to break down the existing stereotypes, that formed as a result of the alienation between the two churches, and ultimately. The article also presents and discusses the positive and negative aspects, that the representatives of both churches have, and most importantly, the paper makes it clear, that the 1054 Schism was personal and not syllogistic. A clear example of this fact is a document signed by the Patriarch of Constantinople Athenagoras and Pope Paul VI in 1965, according to which, in 1054, the Anathematisms published by Cardinal Humbert and the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularios, were annulled and they were no longer an obstacle to the rapprochement of the two churches.The leitmotif of the paper is the answer to the question: Schism or alienation? Which stems from historical reality and fact
THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF GEORGIA AND THE ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT (BEFORE AND AFTER 1997)
No full textThe article analyzes the stance of the Orthodox Church of Georgia (OCG) towards the Ecumenical Movement before and after OCG’s departure from the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Conference of European Churches (CEC) in 1997, and documents the controversies accompanying this development. Up until the 1990s, the hierarchy of the OCG was outstanding for its energetic ecumenical activities within the country as well as in the international arena. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the gaining of independence, religious nationalism and a hostile attitude towards religious and ethnic minorities grew stronger in Georgia. Having been tainted by a Soviet past, a mass mentality found such phenomena as pluralism, equality, religious freedom, etc, characteristic of the free world, to be foreign. A contingent of Orthodox fundamentalistsis gradually growing stronger in the OCG, which considers the defense of Orthodoxy against ‘sects’ and the ‘ruinous’ innovations of the West its holy obligation. Since the middle of the 1990s, this group intensified its agitation against ‘ecumenism’, and its pressure on the church hierarchy to keep its distance, threatening with schism in the worst case. This anti-ecumenical propaganda organized by monks is supported by a part of the married clergy, their parishes, the media, and some politicians. The OCG was eventually forced to leave the WCC and the CEC, although it inflicted church penances upon the monks leading the rebellion. Some of the anti-ecumenist monks go even further and are demanding the OCG to cease Eucharistic communion with all the Orthodox churches who are still members of ecumenical organizations. As the OCG would not satisfy this demand, the result was an actual schism of the radical anti-ecumenists and the foundation of their own ‘Truly Orthodox’ Church in Georgia.The article analyzes the stance of the Orthodox Church of Georgia (OCG) towards the Ecumenical Movement before and after OCG’s departure from the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Conference of European Churches (CEC) in 1997, and documents the controversies accompanying this development. Up until the 1990s, the hierarchy of the OCG was outstanding for its energetic ecumenical activities within the country as well as in the international arena. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the gaining of independence, religious nationalism and a hostile attitude towards religious and ethnic minorities grew stronger in Georgia. Having been tainted by a Soviet past, a mass mentality found such phenomena as pluralism, equality, religious freedom, etc, characteristic of the free world, to be foreign. A contingent of Orthodox fundamentalistsis gradually growing stronger in the OCG, which considers the defense of Orthodoxy against ‘sects’ and the ‘ruinous’ innovations of the West its holy obligation. Since the middle of the 1990s, this group intensified its agitation against ‘ecumenism’, and its pressure on the church hierarchy to keep its distance, threatening with schism in the worst case. This anti-ecumenical propaganda organized by monks is supported by a part of the married clergy, their parishes, the media, and some politicians. The OCG was eventually forced to leave the WCC and the CEC, although it inflicted church penances upon the monks leading the rebellion. Some of the anti-ecumenist monks go even further and are demanding the OCG to cease Eucharistic communion with all the Orthodox churches who are still members of ecumenical organizations. As the OCG would not satisfy this demand, the result was an actual schism of the radical anti-ecumenists and the foundation of their own ‘Truly Orthodox’ Church in Georgia
ჩვენი ერთადერთი და განუმეორებელი ეკლესია
Get PDFქართული ეკლესია ეროვნული ეკლესიაა, მისი სახელწოდება ბოლო დრომდე ასე ჟღერდა: „საქართველოს სამოციქულო, კათოლიკე ეკლესია“. სადღეისოდ, საქართველოს ეკლესიის სახელი შეცვლილია, ახლა ის „საქართველოს მართლმადიდებელ ეკლესიად“ მოიხსენიება, აქცენტი, რასაკვირველია, მართლმადიდებლობაზეა გადატანილი. ცვლილების მიზეზი პოლიტიკური ჩანს: სახელწოდების ცვლილებით ჩვენს საზოგადოებაში ქართული ეკლესიის რუსულ ეკლესიასთან იდენტობის შეგნება ყალიბდება; თუქართული და რუსული ეკლესიები ერთია, მაშინ ქართველი და რუსი ხალხების სულიერი ერთობაც არ უნდა დაირღვეს და დასავლური, ლიბერალურ-დემოკრატული ცივილიზაციისკენ ჩვენი მისწრაფებაც გაუგებრობად უნდა შეფასდეს
გლუვლულიან ცეცხლსასროლ იარაღში გასროლილი ობიექტების ბალისტიკური კვლევის შედეგების მტკიცებულებითი ღირებულება
Get PDFNumerous papers have been devoted to the study of objects fired from firearms, but many of them remained only theoretical research and could not find practical application. This is especially true of papers that deal with the identification of objects fired from the barrel of a smooth-bore weapon. These are the issues discussed in the article, in what cases and at what facilities can specific identification surveys be conducted, the results of which, due to their reliability, the court can use as evidence in a criminal case. The article discusses the scientific implications of identifying the cartridge cases, shots, pellets and plastic containers, the marks necessary for their identification are described in detail, analyzed and substantiated that not all objects fired from a firearm can be identified. Because the examination of the evidence in a case often goes beyond the knowledge that jurors, judges and trial participants may possess, the courts rely even more on experts from all fields of science. In modern times, this responsibility has increased significantly, the court does not need only an opinion, it needs a reasoned and credible conclusion that will be more useful for making a fair decision.Numerous papers have been devoted to the study of objects fired from firearms, but many of them remained only theoretical research and could not find practical application. This is especially true of papers that deal with the identification of objects fired from the barrel of a smooth-bore weapon. These are the issues discussed in the article, in what cases and at what facilities can specific identification surveys be conducted, the results of which, due to their reliability, the court can use as evidence in a criminal case. The article discusses the scientific implications of identifying the cartridge cases, shots, pellets and plastic containers, the marks necessary for their identification are described in detail, analyzed and substantiated that not all objects fired from a firearm can be identified. Because the examination of the evidence in a case often goes beyond the knowledge that jurors, judges and trial participants may possess, the courts rely even more on experts from all fields of science. In modern times, this responsibility has increased significantly, the court does not need only an opinion, it needs a reasoned and credible conclusion that will be more useful for making a fair decision
