E-JOURNALS OF UNIVERSITY SULKHAN-SABA ORBELIANI
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Sustainable Development in the Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War: The Local and Global Dimension
Full text linkThe escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war poses a serious threat to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The challenges to meeting the SDGs by 2030 will be even greater, considering the current conditions. The consequences have spread not only to the countries directly involved in the war but also to a global level. Before the full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine had made progress in 15 of the 17 SDGs. However, the war nullified all previous achievements in Ukraine’s development progress. Yet, despite these negative tendencies, the SDGs provide a good basis for determining Ukraine’s development priorities and are also an effective way to attract financial support to increase the country’s resilience and recovery. Although war complicates the movement toward the goals of sustainable development, it necessitates the socially responsible position of different states, businesses, and international organizations. The paper aims to assess the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on indicators that characterize the economic dimension of SDGs, based on a comprehensive analysis of the available data, a literature review, and empirical estimations. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodology for time series data was used to estimate the main functional dependencies. The investigation proves the destructive impact of war on the global economy, seen mostly through increases in commodity prices, trade, and supply chain distraction. The obtained results confirm the need to support sustainable development as a foundation for peaceful societies, national resilience, and recovery at the local and global levels.The escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war poses a serious threat to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The challenges to meeting the SDGs by 2030 will be even greater, considering the current conditions. The consequences have spread not only to the countries directly involved in the war but also to a global level. Before the full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine had made progress in 15 of the 17 SDGs. However, the war nullified all previous achievements in Ukraine’s development progress. Yet, despite these negative tendencies, the SDGs provide a good basis for determining Ukraine’s development priorities and are also an effective way to attract financial support to increase the country’s resilience and recovery. Although war complicates the movement toward the goals of sustainable development, it necessitates the socially responsible position of different states, businesses, and international organizations. The paper aims to assess the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on indicators that characterize the economic dimension of SDGs, based on a comprehensive analysis of the available data, a literature review, and empirical estimations. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodology for time series data was used to estimate the main functional dependencies. The investigation proves the destructive impact of war on the global economy, seen mostly through increases in commodity prices, trade, and supply chain distraction. The obtained results confirm the need to support sustainable development as a foundation for peaceful societies, national resilience, and recovery at the local and global levels
DEFECTS OF THE SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION SYSTEM
No full textGeorgia has a very interesting history of the institutional and anti-corruption reforms, but still there are many defects and problems in the process of implementation of the international responsibilities taken by the country. Petty corruption is practically on the minimum, but there is a challenge in the direction of elite corruption.
The paper analyzes basic defects of the supporting institutions of the Georgian national anti-corruption system, especially law enforcement organs and parliament. The article gives some recommendations for solving these problems and describes ways for systematization of them.Georgia has a very interesting history of the institutional and anti-corruption reforms, but still there are many defects and problems in the process of implementation of the international responsibilities taken by the country. Petty corruption is practically on the minimum, but there is a challenge in the direction of elite corruption.
The paper analyzes basic defects of the supporting institutions of the Georgian national anti-corruption system, especially law enforcement organs and parliament. The article gives some recommendations for solving these problems and describes ways for systematization of them
IMPOSING A SENTENCE IN THE CASE OF RECIDIVISM (ANALYSIS OF THE CASE LAW)
No full textArticle 58 of the Criminal Code of Georgia defines the imperative rule of sentencing in case of recidivism, which, at first glance, establishes a simple legal regulation, however, judicial practice clearly shows problematic cases and difficulties of applying the mentioned norm. The rule of sentencing in the case of recidivism significantly limits the scope of the judge's discretion and, in the conditions of essentially identical legal circumstances, sets the same standard for all. In order to use the norm in a targeted way and to establish a uniform judicial practice, it is important to analyze the judicial practice, identify problematic issues and determine ways to solve them, which significantly determines the foreseeability of the norm and ensures the avoidance of errors in judicial proceedings.
Article 58 of the Criminal Code of Georgia defines the imperative rule of sentencing in case of recidivism, which, at first glance, establishes a simple legal regulation, however, judicial practice clearly shows problematic cases and difficulties of applying the mentioned norm. The rule of sentencing in the case of recidivism significantly limits the scope of the judge's discretion and, in the conditions of essentially identical legal circumstances, sets the same standard for all. In order to use the norm in a targeted way and to establish a uniform judicial practice, it is important to analyze the judicial practice, identify problematic issues and determine ways to solve them, which significantly determines the foreseeability of the norm and ensures the avoidance of errors in judicial proceedings.
 
RELATIONS BETWEEN GEORGIA AND ROMAN CHURCH AFTER THE GREAT SCHISM
No full textIn the article mainly discuss lesser-known sources, therefore, the reader will see a more varied, interesting and unexpected information. First of all, I will discuss the Latin religious beliefs of the great teacher of the Georgian Church – George Mtatsmindeli because some researchers try to hide this. We will not talk much here about the well-known fact that George himself proclaimed the Church of Rome to be the most faithful defender of the apostolic doctrines before the Byzantine emperor.While the Greeks and Latins were arguing about the descent of the Holy Spirit, George translated into Georgian – “The Symbol of Athanasius”, where the Holy Spirit was considered to come from the Son, i.e. the Latin pneumatological formula was described – “The Holy Spirit from the Father and from the Son”. If this doctrine of the Catholic Church was a heresy for George, obviously he would have. After all we can conclude the following: During the unity and strength of the Georgian state, when the Georgian Fathers translated many theological literatures, had numerous theological centers (the Maghalashvili Gospel inscription speaks of seven such schools in one diocese), the Georgian Church had its own position on the Church of Rome, but after the political and cultural fall, Influenced first by Greek and especially Russian anti-Catholic propaganda, Georgia rejected the historic choice of its best clergy of the Church – unity with the Catholic Church. At the beginning of its relations with Georgia, Russia started struggle with the Catholic missionaries in Georgia, the Russian ambassador – Zakharev, started anti-Catholic propaganda, and after the conquest of Georgia, Russia expelled the Catholic missionaries from Georgia, because Russia’s goal was and is the ecclesiastical isolation of GeorgiaIn the article mainly discuss lesser-known sources, therefore, the reader will see a more varied, interesting and unexpected information. First of all, I will discuss the Latin religious beliefs of the great teacher of the Georgian Church – George Mtatsmindeli because some researchers try to hide this. We will not talk much here about the well-known fact that George himself proclaimed the Church of Rome to be the most faithful defender of the apostolic doctrines before the Byzantine emperor.While the Greeks and Latins were arguing about the descent of the Holy Spirit, George translated into Georgian – “The Symbol of Athanasius”, where the Holy Spirit was considered to come from the Son, i.e. the Latin pneumatological formula was described – “The Holy Spirit from the Father and from the Son”. If this doctrine of the Catholic Church was a heresy for George, obviously he would have. After all we can conclude the following: During the unity and strength of the Georgian state, when the Georgian Fathers translated many theological literatures, had numerous theological centers (the Maghalashvili Gospel inscription speaks of seven such schools in one diocese), the Georgian Church had its own position on the Church of Rome, but after the political and cultural fall, Influenced first by Greek and especially Russian anti-Catholic propaganda, Georgia rejected the historic choice of its best clergy of the Church – unity with the Catholic Church. At the beginning of its relations with Georgia, Russia started struggle with the Catholic missionaries in Georgia, the Russian ambassador – Zakharev, started anti-Catholic propaganda, and after the conquest of Georgia, Russia expelled the Catholic missionaries from Georgia, because Russia’s goal was and is the ecclesiastical isolation of Georgi
LICENSING MUSICAL WORK FOR INCLUSION IN AUDIOVISUAL WORK
No full textContinuous expansion of the music industry has greatly increased the commercial aspect of music, which naturally leads to legislative changes. This article examines the positive results of the author’s creative endeavors, specifically musical and audiovisual works. The primary objective is to identify legal challenges related to the inclusion of a musical work in an audiovisual work, as well as practical and topical issues. The paper focuses on the aspects of licensing of musical works, namely identifying persons (natural/legal) who can hold the right to a particular musical work and how licensing is done for inclusion in an audiovisual work as well as what is the important factor that is necessary to determine the royalty for music synchronization.Continuous expansion of the music industry has greatly increased the commercial aspect of music, which naturally leads to legislative changes. This article examines the positive results of the author’s creative endeavors, specifically musical and audiovisual works. The primary objective is to identify legal challenges related to the inclusion of a musical work in an audiovisual work, as well as practical and topical issues. The paper focuses on the aspects of licensing of musical works, namely identifying persons (natural/legal) who can hold the right to a particular musical work and how licensing is done for inclusion in an audiovisual work as well as what is the important factor that is necessary to determine the royalty for music synchronization
The Scope of Discretionary Powers of Tax Authorities
Full text linkThere are sharply different opinions about the scope of discretionary powers of tax authorities. This is to some extent related to the absence of a common discourse on the key issues of discretionary powers of the tax administration - what does discretionmean in taxation? What is the place of discretion in the tax system? What is the optimal model of discretion and can it be achieved in taxation? Different approaches are related to legal traditions of different families of law, different administrative and judicial practices, and hypotheses developed in the science of tax law. This paper analyzes the manifestation, characteristics, and scope of discretionary powers of tax authorities.There are sharply different opinions about the scope of discretionary powers of tax authorities. This is to some extent related to the absence of a common discourse on the key issues of discretionary powers of the tax administration - what does discretionmean in taxation? What is the place of discretion in the tax system? What is the optimal model of discretion and can it be achieved in taxation? Different approaches are related to legal traditions of different families of law, different administrative and judicial practices, and hypotheses developed in the science of tax law. This paper analyzes the manifestation, characteristics, and scope of discretionary powers of tax authorities
IS IT JUSTIFIED TO ACCUSE THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF ANTI-SEMITISM FROM A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW?
No full textSome historians blame the Christian Church for the origin of anti-Semitism. This accusation is unjustified from a historical point of view, a lot of well-documented historical facts and circumstances speak against it. Christian moral and eschatological teaching create unfavorable conditions for the formation of anti-Semitism.Some historians blame the Christian Church for the origin of anti-Semitism. This accusation is unjustified from a historical point of view, a lot of well-documented historical facts and circumstances speak against it. Christian moral and eschatological teaching create unfavorable conditions for the formation of anti-Semitism
AUTOCEPHALY OF THE GEORGIAN CHURCH: Translated from ΒΛΑΣΙΟΥ ΙΩ. ΦΕΙΔΑ, ΤΟ ΑΥΤΟΚΕΦΑΛΟΝ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΣΙΑΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΣ, ΑΘΗΝΑΙ, 1980
No full textVlasios Fidas, in his work “Autocephaly of the Georgian Church”, explores the history of the administrative structure of the Georgian (Iberian) Church and elucidates the process through which it attained autocephaly. The author comprehensively examines and explains significant historical events, which are crucial to understanding the journey of the Georgian Church towards autocephalous status. According to Fidas, the autocephaly of the Georgian Church holds particular relevance even nowVlasios Fidas, in his work “Autocephaly of the Georgian Church”, explores the history of the administrative structure of the Georgian (Iberian) Church and elucidates the process through which it attained autocephaly. The author comprehensively examines and explains significant historical events, which are crucial to understanding the journey of the Georgian Church towards autocephalous status. According to Fidas, the autocephaly of the Georgian Church holds particular relevance even no
ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND IN LAW
No full textThe paper overviews the evolution of cartography and geography within contemporary geoinformation systems, exploring their significance within legal frameworks. It scrutinizes how law and geography intertwine functionally, and how geographic elements impact the operations of law enforcement, investigative entities, The article analyzes the need for geoinformatics systems for modern lawyers and fields of law, for which it is necessary.The paper overviews the evolution of cartography and geography within contemporary geoinformation systems, exploring their significance within legal frameworks. It scrutinizes how law and geography intertwine functionally, and how geographic elements impact the operations of law enforcement, investigative entities, property registry, and private industries.The article analyzes the need for geoinformatics systems for modern lawyers and fields of law, for which it is necessar
The Disciplinary Identity of International Criminal Law: Balancing Between Positivism and Multidisciplinarity
Full text linkThis essay discusses how the character and nature of international criminal law influence the way it is studied. By providing a historical review of its intellectual origins, it shows why international criminal law’s disciplinary identity remains under the influence of positivistic principles. In going beyond international criminal law, this essay also critically discusses why some hold a multidisciplinary analysis of international law in contempt and exposes the challenges of placing legal scholarship in distinct categories by labelling legal academics as positivists, doctrinalists, practice-oriented, policy-driven, or as multidisciplinarians. This piece will describe how international criminal law is being studied, how scholarship developed, and whether the value of the research lies in its relevance for the practice before international criminal courts. In discussing the pitfalls of pure doctrinal ormultidisciplinary research, it weaves together theoretical considerations beyond the traditional positivistic paradigm with a plea to study international criminal law under different sensibilities and disciplinary protocols.This essay discusses how the character and nature of international criminal law influence the way it is studied. By providing a historical review of its intellectual origins, it shows why international criminal law’s disciplinary identity remains under the influence of positivistic principles. In going beyond international criminal law, this essay also critically discusses why some hold a multidisciplinary analysis of international law in contempt and exposes the challenges of placing legal scholarship in distinct categories by labelling legal academics as positivists, doctrinalists, practice-oriented, policy-driven, or as multidisciplinarians. This piece will describe how international criminal law is being studied, how scholarship developed, and whether the value of the research lies in its relevance for the practice before international criminal courts. In discussing the pitfalls of pure doctrinal ormultidisciplinary research, it weaves together theoretical considerations beyond the traditional positivistic paradigm with a plea to study international criminal law under different sensibilities and disciplinary protocols