E-JOURNALS OF UNIVERSITY SULKHAN-SABA ORBELIANI
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THE ORTHODOX NORM OF OBSEQUIES FOR A DECEASED ANGLICAN
No full textFollowing the intensification of relations between the Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion in the 19th century, the Ecumenical Patriarch issued a decree on the arrangements for the burial of a deceased Anglican and his funeral rite celebrated by the Orthodox clergy. The Constantinople decision was also shared by other Orthodox Churches. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Orthodox rite for deceased Anglicans also became part of the liturgical books.Following the intensification of relations between the Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion in the 19th century, the Ecumenical Patriarch issued a decree on the arrangements for the burial of a deceased Anglican and his funeral rite celebrated by the Orthodox clergy. The Constantinople decision was also shared by other Orthodox Churches. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Orthodox rite for deceased Anglicans also became part of the liturgical books
სასამართლოს მიერ ადმინისტრაციულ სამართალწარმოებაში ადმინისტრაციული ორგანოს მესამე პირად ჩაბმის მიზანშეწონილობის შეფასება
Get PDFParticipation of third parties is an essential part of administrative proceedings. Involvement and evaluation of third parties is the responsibility of the court, which, based on the petition of the party, or on its own initiative, involves a third party in the case hearing, with the right of mandatory or optional invitation. Evaluation of this subject essentially refers to the consideration of the case and obtaining the final result. Special attention needs the decision of involvement third-party administrative body in the case. In such cases, the purpose of involving a third party must be determined by the court – the case really concerns the interest of the administrative body if it is involved due to the task of presenting evidence. Thus, when assessing the expediency of the involvement of an administrative body as a third party is important to determine the need for its involvement, to determine the basis for the specific status of the third person (mandatory or optional) and the justification of the involvement, especially when it comes to the judge’s selfinitiative.Participation of third parties is an essential part of administrative proceedings. Involvement and evaluation of third parties is the responsibility of the court, which, based on the petition of the party, or on its own initiative, involves a third party in the case hearing, with the right of mandatory or optional invitation. Evaluation of this subject essentially refers to the consideration of the case and obtaining the final result. Special attention needs the decision of involvement third-party administrative body in the case. In such cases, the purpose of involving a third party must be determined by the court – the case really concerns the interest of the administrative body if it is involved due to the task of presenting evidence. Thus, when assessing the expediency of the involvement of an administrative body as a third party is important to determine the need for its involvement, to determine the basis for the specific status of the third person (mandatory or optional) and the justification of the involvement, especially when it comes to the judge’s selfinitiative
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE ARTICLE 74 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
No full textStrong local self-government is one of the most important parts of democracy and rule of law. This system is based on the constitution, which gives not only the institutional legitimation, but also framework and basic lines for the implementation of local self-government in everyday life. Article 74 of the constitution of Georgia regulates constitutional guarantees for independence, stability, and democracy for the local self-government. This article overviews the constitutional norm and the basic principles provided by it.Strong local self-government is one of the most important parts of democracy and rule of law. This system is based on the constitution, which gives not only the institutional legitimation, but also framework and basic lines for the implementation of local self-government in everyday life. Article 74 of the constitution of Georgia regulates constitutional guarantees for independence, stability, and democracy for the local self-government. This article overviews the constitutional norm and the basic principles provided by it
APOLOGY FOR ORIGEN: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ORIGEN
No full textIn this article, based on the specific facts and arguments, I have tried to criticize all the misconceptions about Origen and his works which are widely circulated in ecclesiastical society. It is indeed a paradox when Origen is accused that he taught others some ideas, which actually he was opposed. Therefore, I think that this person should be rehabilitated inevitableIn this article, based on the specific facts and arguments, I have tried to criticize all the misconceptions about Origen and his works which are widely circulated in ecclesiastical society. It is indeed a paradox when Origen is accused that he taught others some ideas, which actually he was opposed. Therefore, I think that this person should be rehabilitated inevitabl
“I ACKNOWLEDGE ONLY ONE BAPTISM FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS” AND REBAPTISM
No full textThe article starts from the situation of the rebaptism practiced by the Orthodox Church in Georgia and by other churches, as well as from the scarce attention given to the phenomenon in the ecumenical world, with the intention of reaffirm through the analysis of the first Christian symbols, the reflections of the fathers up to Augustine, theposition of the Roman Catholic Church and some ecumenical documents, the importance of the “I acknowledge only one baptism for theremission of sins”.The article starts from the situation of the rebaptism practiced by the Orthodox Church in Georgia and by other churches, as well as from the scarce attention given to the phenomenon in the ecumenical world, with the intention of reaffirm through the analysis of the first Christian symbols, the reflections of the fathers up to Augustine, theposition of the Roman Catholic Church and some ecumenical documents, the importance of the “I acknowledge only one baptism for theremission of sins”
სახელმწიფო ინსპექტორის სამსახურის რეფორმა საქართველოში და პერსონალურ მონაცემთა დაცვაზე ზედამხედველი ორგანოები შედარებით პერსპექტივაში
Get PDFPersonal data protection is part of the human rights in democratic societies and relevant institutions and regulations exist for its realization. Government of Georgia undertook significant steps toward protection of personal data in recent years. Parliament of Georgia adopted Law on Personal Data Protection in 28 December 2011, representing an important instrument for protection of citizens’ personal data. In 2013-2017 important impact on development of personal data protection legislation was made by Association Agreement between the EU and Georgia. The first phase of Visa Liberation Action Plan envisaged consolidation of institutional and legal frameworks in line with European and international standards, ratification of international instruments and inclusion in national legislation, as well as establishment of independent supervisory body. Effective functioning of the supervisory body was identified to be implemented at the second phase Paper reviews and evaluates the ongoing reform of state inspector’s office and personal data protection in Georgia in the comparative light of personal data protection supervisory bodies of some European countriesPersonal data protection is part of the human rights in democratic societies and relevant institutions and regulations exist for its realization. Government of Georgia undertook significant steps toward protection of personal data in recent years. Parliament of Georgia adopted Law on Personal Data Protection in 28 December 2011, representing an important instrument for protection of citizens’ personal data. In 2013-2017 important impact on development of personal data protection legislation was made by Association Agreement between the EU and Georgia. The first phase of Visa Liberation Action Plan envisaged consolidation of institutional and legal frameworks in line with European and international standards, ratification of international instruments and inclusion in national legislation, as well as establishment of independent supervisory body. Effective functioning of the supervisory body was identified to be implemented at the second phase Paper reviews and evaluates the ongoing reform of state inspector’s office and personal data protection in Georgia in the comparative light of personal data protection supervisory bodies of some European countrie
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN PREVENTING IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
No full textAnemia in pregnancy is a challenge in modern global health, especially in developing countries. The research aims to study the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pregnant women to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Using qualitative research, a survey of pregnant patients and gynecologists was conducted in several maternity homes in Tbilisi through a semi-structured in-depth interview. The study showed that almost all pregnant women had some knowledge about iron deficiency anemia. However, despite high awareness, most pregnant women are unaware of the causes and risk factors of anemia. Despite being aware of a healthy diet, the respondents did not follow a proper diet. Financial problems in order to buy food, also cultural and religious barriers were mentioned as one of the obstacles to healthy eating. Most pregnant women receive information about iron deficiency anemia from their family doctor, which suggests a limited role for the family doctor in preventing iron deficiency anemia. Despite some knowledge about anemia prevention, its prevalence remains high, indicating a weak link between anemia knowledge and healthy behavior. In order to solve the problem, more involvement of society and effective interventions of policymakers, improvement of disease prevention methods, more participation of family doctors, and improvement of state nutritional programs for pregnant women are needed.Anemia in pregnancy is a challenge in modern global health, especially in developing countries. The research aims to study knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pregnant women to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Using qualitative research, a survey of pregnant patients and gynecologists was conducted in several maternity homes in Tbilisi through a semi-structured in-depth interview. The study showed that almost all pregnant women had some knowledge about iron deficiency anemia. However, despite high awareness, most pregnant women are unaware of the causes and risk factors of anemia. Despite being aware of a healthy diet, the respondents did not follow a proper diet. Financial problems in order to buy food, also cultural and religious barriers were mentioned as one of the obstacles to healthy eating. Most pregnant women receive information about iron deficiency anemia from their family doctor, which suggests a limited role for the family doctor in preventing iron deficiency anemia. Despite some knowledge about anemia prevention, its prevalence remains high, indicating a weak link between anemia knowledge and healthy behavior. In order to solve the problem, more involvement of society and effective interventions of policymakers, improvement of disease prevention methods, more participation of family doctors, and improvement of state nutritional programs for pregnant women are needed
CIVIL CODE OR CIVIL LAW – TOWARD A NEW EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW: ნაშრომი თარგმნილია შემდეგი გამოცემიდან: Zimmerman R., Civil Code or Civil Law - Towards a New European Private Law, Syracuse Journal of Interna-tional Law and Commerce, Vol. 20, 1994, pp. 217-226.
No full textThe work represents a critical analysis of legal unification attempts at transnational, European level. The author asks whether it would be useful to codify private law at the European level? He criticizes the ways in which those with the political will to achieve such unification seek to achieve the goal, and ultimately believes that the only correct and natural path to legal unity is an approach that uses a common past as the most obvious and natural starting point for analyzing and understanding the development of modern law.The work represents a critical analysis of legal unification attempts at transnational, European level. The author asks whether it would be useful to codify private law at the European level? He criticizes the ways in which those with the political will to achieve such unification seek to achieve the goal, and ultimately believes that the only correct and natural path to legal unity is an approach that uses a common past as the most obvious and natural starting point for analyzing and understanding the development of modern law
BACK TO THE HOLY LAND
No full textIn 2022, in the Kingdom of Jordan, at the mouth of the Jordan River, where Jesus Christ was baptized, Georgia was given 4 thousand square meters. meter plot of land, where the Georgian Culture Center will be built in the near future. The transfer of land to Georgia, adjacent to the Jordan River, is an expression of goodwill from His Majesty King Abdullah II, Prince Ghazi, as well as Archbishop Christophoros of Amman and Patriarch Theophilus of Jerusalem. In the perspective of Georgia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, there are much more prospects for cooperation than it seems at first glance, and the deepening of this cooperation is beneficial and beneficial for both sides. The first steps of this partnership have already been taken, a memorial stele was erected on the plot of land transferred to Georgia near the place of the Epiphany near the Jordan River. The Prime Minister of Georgia awarded the highest award “Order of the Golden Fleece” to the King of Jordan. Prince Ghazi and the Archbishop of Amman were actively involved in the events organized during the visit of the Prime Minister of Georgia to Jordan. Historical sources confirm that the Georgians founded spiritual centers in the holy land since the fifth century. The first and foremost among them is the Georgian theologian and philosopher Petre Iber, Bishop of Mayumi, founder of the Georgian monastic school in the Holy Land. It is not surprising that the earliest Georgian inscription, was also found on holy ground. In the era of the late Middle Ages, the impoverished and ruined Georgian kings and princes had difficulty directing the necessary funds for the normal functioning of churches and monasteries in the holy land. “Therefore, Georgians from Jerusalem were gradually forced to pledge the property of monasteries and churches.” As a result of the conquest of Georgia by Russia and the abolition of the Georgian Apostolic Church in the 19th century, the existence of Georgian spiritual centers in the Holy Land became impossible. Only today, in 2022, through the efforts of the Georgian government and the goodwill of the Jordanian royal family, it became possible to transfer to Georgia a piece of land on holy land, near the Jordan River, where, according to tradition, the Savior was baptized. In connection with the tradition of epiphanies on the Jordan River, the most interesting and important is the holy place of Al-Mahtas. The territory that is located in the territory of the Kingdom of Jordan. Al-Mahtas has been associated with the place of baptism of Jesus Christ since the late Roman-Adrebyzantine era (IV-VI centuries). The facility is located east of the Jordan River, close to the ancient road to Jerusalem and Transjordan. In Al-Mahtas, in 1996, an international team of scientists discovered the original baptismal site of the Savior. This area, as we mentioned, is not far from the place where the Jordan flows into the Dead Sea, it is located in the Bethany Valley, in the village of Wadi al-Harar. The place of baptism of Jesus Christ was located forty meters to the east of the current bed of the Jordan River. The reason for this was the change in the course of the Jordan River in the 5th century and the cutting of a new bed. “Georgian Holy Land” is already located in the vicinity of this place. Georgia-Jordan rapprochement is related to the “Holy Land”, which will become more versatile in the future, the prospects of this partnership are clear considering the resources of the two countries and other domestic and foreign parameters. Georgian-Jordanian bilateral cooperation is quite realistic and feasible in the near future and a project bringing benefits to both sides. So, by returning to the “holy land”, Georgia acquired a necessary prospective partner in the form of Jordan along with Christian holiness. In 2022, in the Kingdom of Jordan, at the mouth of the Jordan River, where Jesus Christ was baptized, Georgia was given 4 thousand square meters. meter plot of land, where the Georgian Culture Center will be built in the near future. The transfer of land to Georgia, adjacent to the Jordan River, is an expression of goodwill from His Majesty King Abdullah II, Prince Ghazi, as well as Archbishop Christophoros of Amman and Patriarch Theophilus of Jerusalem. In the perspective of Georgia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, there are much more prospects for cooperation than it seems at first glance, and the deepening of this cooperation is beneficial and beneficial for both sides. The first steps of this partnership have already been taken, a memorial stele was erected on the plot of land transferred to Georgia near the place of the Epiphany near the Jordan River. The Prime Minister of Georgia awarded the highest award “Order of the Golden Fleece” to the King of Jordan. Prince Ghazi and the Archbishop of Amman were actively involved in the events organized during the visit of the Prime Minister of Georgia to Jordan. Historical sources confirm that the Georgians founded spiritual centers in the holy land since the fifth century. The first and foremost among them is the Georgian theologian and philosopher Petre Iber, Bishop of Mayumi, founder of the Georgian monastic school in the Holy Land. It is not surprising that the earliest Georgian inscription, was also found on holy ground. In the era of the late Middle Ages, the impoverished and ruined Georgian kings and princes had difficulty directing the necessary funds for the normal functioning of churches and monasteries in the holy land. “Therefore, Georgians from Jerusalem were gradually forced to pledge the property of monasteries and churches.” As a result of the conquest of Georgia by Russia and the abolition of the Georgian Apostolic Church in the 19th century, the existence of Georgian spiritual centers in the Holy Land became impossible. Only today, in 2022, through the efforts of the Georgian government and the goodwill of the Jordanian royal family, it became possible to transfer to Georgia a piece of land on holy land, near the Jordan River, where, according to tradition, the Savior was baptized. In connection with the tradition of epiphanies on the Jordan River, the most interesting and important is the holy place of Al-Mahtas. The territory that is located in the territory of the Kingdom of Jordan. Al-Mahtas has been associated with the place of baptism of Jesus Christ since the late Roman-Adrebyzantine era (IV-VI centuries). The facility is located east of the Jordan River, close to the ancient road to Jerusalem and Transjordan. In Al-Mahtas, in 1996, an international team of scientists discovered the original baptismal site of the Savior. This area, as we mentioned, is not far from the place where the Jordan flows into the Dead Sea, it is located in the Bethany Valley, in the village of Wadi al-Harar. The place of baptism of Jesus Christ was located forty meters to the east of the current bed of the Jordan River. The reason for this was the change in the course of the Jordan River in the 5th century and the cutting of a new bed. “Georgian Holy Land” is already located in the vicinity of this place. Georgia-Jordan rapprochement is related to the “Holy Land”, which will become more versatile in the future, the prospects of this partnership are clear considering the resources of the two countries and other domestic and foreign parameters. Georgian-Jordanian bilateral cooperation is quite realistic and feasible in the near future and a project bringing benefits to both sides. So, by returning to the “holy land”, Georgia acquired a necessary prospective partner in the form of Jordan along with Christian holiness. 
LITURGICAL DRAMA AND THEATRICAL ARTS
No full textAt the first stage of Christianity spreading the Church has banned theatre show. That’s about writes Aurelius Augustine in his work “Confessions”, where on the background of continued dialogue with God, before us is opened solilokvium (lat.: soliloquium – solo – himself, alone, loqui – to speak), which uses Augustine. It should be noted that such form was assumed in the Literature or theatre performances of that time. This represents the analogy of ancient theatre form, which was used by playwrights to make familiarize with audience, certain development event. Blissful Augustine believes that what is developed on the stage and the experiences of audience – the despair on the stage, the grief appeared in the spectator and tears on the composed, this is some kind of sin and God’s banishment from you. The main postulate of early medieval thinkers, mainly ecclesiastics was ignorance of theatre shows and announcement of theatre actors and creators as sinners. Later, the church itself, for attracting crowds of people, with aim of domination on the parish, used and created not only theatre shows, but its “sketch” – liturgical (liturgy – Greek. liturgy – the main Christian religious rite: liturgy times) drama, which is based on the Biblical stories. As Maximus the Confessor writes: “The liturgy is Christian drama. It is the transition of spirit from potential state to action and is directed towards eidos, as the ultimate goal, to full implementation of telos – the whole, visible and invisible world to Christ’s coming out of the body. And the mythos, we can say, the scenario of Christ, is the St. Letter”. The liturgical drama for Maximus is: a) ritual, the reality “trimmed” with divine character, which is connecting really existing – God in the Christ’s divine personality the man – the church – the world; b) Drama, which plot is the St. letter, as Christ’s body and that it exactly in this drama the St. letter as a potential – body, is becoming Christ’s eschatological body; c) also theurgy activity, aimed at human transferring to God.At the first stage of Christianity spreading the Church has banned theatre show. That’s about writes Aurelius Augustine in his work “Confessions”, where on the background of continued dialogue with God, before us is opened solilokvium (lat.: soliloquium – solo – himself, alone, loqui – to speak), which uses Augustine. It should be noted that such form was assumed in the Literature or theatre performances of that time. This represents the analogy of ancient theatre form, which was used by playwrights to make familiarize with audience, certain development event. Blissful Augustine believes that what is developed on the stage and the experiences of audience – the despair on the stage, the grief appeared in the spectator and tears on the composed, this is some kind of sin and God’s banishment from you. The main postulate of early medieval thinkers, mainly ecclesiastics was ignorance of theatre shows and announcement of theatre actors and creators as sinners. Later, the church itself, for attracting crowds of people, with aim of domination on the parish, used and created not only theatre shows, but its “sketch” – liturgical (liturgy – Greek. liturgy – the main Christian religious rite: liturgy times) drama, which is based on the Biblical stories. As Maximus the Confessor writes: “The liturgy is Christian drama. It is the transition of spirit from potential state to action and is directed towards eidos, as the ultimate goal, to full implementation of telos – the whole, visible and invisible world to Christ’s coming out of the body. And the mythos, we can say, the scenario of Christ, is the St. Letter”. The liturgical drama for Maximus is: a) ritual, the reality “trimmed” with divine character, which is connecting really existing – God in the Christ’s divine personality the man – the church – the world; b) Drama, which plot is the St. letter, as Christ’s body and that it exactly in this drama the St. letter as a potential – body, is becoming Christ’s eschatological body; c) also theurgy activity, aimed at human transferring to God