The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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The Cycle of Debt: How Climate Change is Driving Farmers Deeper into Financial Crisis
No full textIn the not-so-distant past, the dependence on rains for crops was not just common- it was natural. The recent years have seen an unprecedented drop in rainfed crop production which is concerning. By 2080, yields of staple crops like wheat and rice could decrease by 40% and 47%, respectively, threatening the livelihood of millions of Indians who rely on agriculture. These days, farmers deal with a disastrous combination of issues, including erratic weather patterns, rapidly rising expenses, and an acute shortage of financial assistance, which forces them into enormous amounts of debt
कृषि मशीनरी के निर्यात और आयात का विश्लेषण (2024-25)
No full textभारत का ट्रैक्टर निर्यात मशीनरी व्यापार पर हावी है, जिसका निर्यात मूल्य ₹ 9,31,768 लाख है, जो कुल निर्यात में 0.252 प्रतिशत का योगदान देता है। इस अवधि के मध्य कुल 1,06,488 इकाइयों का निर्यात किया गया। इसके वि परीत, ट्रैक्टर आयात नगण्य था, जो 3,100 इकाइयों के लिए केवल ₹ 4,842 लाख था
कृषिः विकसित भारत के लिए समग्र और सतत विकास की आधारशिला
No full textकृषिः विकसित भारत के लिए समग्र और सतत विकास की आधारशिल
ऋण का चक्रः जलवायु परिवर्तन किस तरह किसानों को गहरे वित्तीय संकट की ओर ले जा रहा है
No full textऋण का चक्रः जलवायु परिवर्तन किस तरह किसानों को गहरे वित्तीय संकट की ओर ले जा रहा ह
“विकसित” भारत के लिए कृषि नीति और बजटीय पुनर्संरचना
No full text“विकसित” भारत के लिए कृषि नीति और बजटीय पुनर् पुनर्संरचन
Trends and Anomalies of Rainfall and Rice Productivity across Four Agro-climatic Zones of Bihar, India
No full textUnderstanding rainfall variability is crucial for effective water resource management and agricultural planning. This study analyzed annual and monsoon rainfall trends across four representative stations of from four different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Bihar, namely, Patna, Purnia, Samastipur, and Bhagalpur, using non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test with Sen’s slope estimator and the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA). Results from both ITA and MK tests revealed predominantly decreasing monsoon rainfall trends at Patna and Purnia, while Samastipur and Bhagalpur exhibited weak increasing trend. For annual rainfall, MK test for all the four stations showed an increasing trend, with Samastipur (Z = 1.35, p = 0.15) showing the strongest upward tendency. However, none of the observed trends were statistically significant (p > 0.05), indicating considerable inter-annual variability and the absence of a consistent rainfall pattern across Bihar. Though results of MK and ITA differed for some stations, but results of Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were found to be in agreement for all the four stations both annually as well as during monsoon season. Rice productivity across the four agro-climatic zones showed a significant positive trend (p < 0.05), with the highest yield (1608 kg ha⁻¹) recorded in ACZ-IIIB (Purnia). The analysis of Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) and Productivity Anomaly Index (PAI) revealed that a negative RAI coexisted with a positive PAI, indicating that agricultural productivity was not solely dictated by precipitation deficits. This suggests that factors like rainfall distribution pattern, improved cultivar, effective water management, or other agronomic management practices mitigated the impact of reduced rainfall, highlighting complex adaptive capacities. Further, spatially heterogeneous rainfall patterns have potential implications for regional water management and agricultural productivity under changing climate conditions
Roadmap to Maximize Agricultural Mechanization by 2047
No full textIndia’s agricultural sector, the backbone of rural livelihoods and food security of the country, is though progressing well, it however needs certain directional to look Indian Agriculture really developed by filling the gaps of labour shortage, time constraints and input/resources scarce by 2047. With shrinking landholdings, labour shortages, climate stress, and rising demand for food, mechanization is no longer optional or essential – it is now compulsion. Currently, India’s mechanization level hovers around 47%, far behind countries like China (59.5%) and Brazil (75%). To achieve the goal of “Viksit Bharat” by 2047, India must aim for at least 75% mechanization; and to achieve the same, an indicative roadmap having four phases, but not limited to, is proposed herewith
चावल मिलिंग की पुनर्कल्पनाः भारत का स्मार्ट, टिकाऊ समाधानों की दिशा
No full textचावल मिलिंग की पुनर्कल्पनाः भारत का स्मार्ट, टिकाऊ समाधानों की दिश
Impact of Iron Nanoparticles from Murraya koenigii for Biogas and Methane Production from Cattle Dung
No full textGreen-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), formed using Murraya koenigii leaf extract as a capping and reducing agent, were evaluated for their potential to enhance biogas and methane production during the anaerobic digestion of cattle dung. ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric analysis identified the maximum absorbance of the synthesized IONPs at 432 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging revealed that the IONPs were spherical with diameters ranging from 20 to 30 nm, while the polydispersity index (PDI) was determined to be 0.396 nm, and the zeta potential was measured as -12.1 mV, indicating moderate stability. The impact of varying concentrations of IONPs on biogas production was assessed using a bio-digester, with the treatment containing 18 mg L-1 IONPs (T5: Cattle dung + 18 mg L-1 IONPs) demonstrating the most significant improvements. The maximum specific biogas and methane production was 98.6 L g-1 of volatile solids (VS) and 51.5%, respectively, in treatment T5 as compared to the control value (85.2 L g-1VS and 41.4%). With 18 mg L-1 IONPs (T5), there was an increase in biogas (15.7%) and methane (24.3%) content as compared to the control (T1). Additionally, T5 treatment resulted in an increase in pH and a reduction in total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), and dehydrogenase activity. The highest reduction rates for TS (38.2%) and VS (10.5%) were observed in T5 after eight weeks of digestion. These findings suggest that Murraya koenigii derived IONPs effectively stimulate microbial activity, enhancing biogas and methane production through improved substrate degradatio
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Salinity Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Eastern India
No full textWater shortages and degradation of water quality are issues that are escalating globally due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization, and misuse of water, necessitating effective water resources planning and management. This study focuses on assessing groundwater quality along the coastal tract of eastern India, where groundwater is crucial for fulfilling of various water needs. The study further addresses marine-pollution encroachment into the coastal aquifer, emphasizing the need for a thorough water resource quality assessment. Throughout the coastline tract under this study, 61 groundwater samples were randomly collected from hand pumps and excavated wells, and their chemical composition was examined. Water quality parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), cations such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), and anions such as bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonate (CO3), chloride (Cl) and sulphate (SO4) were determined. Also, hydrogeochemical diagrams, i.e., Piper’s diagram, Chadha’s diagram, Gibbs diagram, and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagrams were plotted to identify the hydrochemical processes and assess the aquifer salinity. Of the total 61 samples, Chadha’s and Piper\u27s diagrams identified 57.66% and 64.06% of samples, respectively, as Na-Cl water type, confirming the presence of salinity. The Ca concentration ranged from 21.64 to 4868.11 mg L-1, while TDS values ranged from 190 to 7520 mg L-1, with most areas having TDS values below 3000 mg L-1. Chloride values ranged from 24 to 2368 mg L-1. The Simpson ratio/Revelle index, ranging from 0.089 to 56.008, indicated towards occurrence of saltwater intrusion process. The NaCl type water exists at majority of the sampling sites (49.18%), which suggests that seawater mixing is primarily restricted to the coastal zone. Na and K were the dominant cations, making 67% of the ionic composition in water samples. The findings of this study can aid in developing management plans to safeguard aquifers and remediation strategies for groundwater affected by natural and anthropogenic activities