The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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बहुक्रियाशील परिदृश्यों के माध्यम से स्थिरता को आगे बढ़ाना- मृदा और जल संरक्षण के आगे
No full textभारत, अपने विशाल और विविध परिदृश्यों के साथ, भूमि क्षरण, जैव विविधता हानि और जलवायु भेद्यता की गंभीर चुनौतियों का सामना कर रहा है। पारंपरिक मृदा और जल संरक्षण प्रयासों से बहुक्रिय ाशील परिदृश्यों में संक्रमण संरक्षण, पुनर्ज नन, आर्द्रभूमि और कृषि पारिस्थिति की को मि लाकर एक एकीकृत समाधान प्रदान करता है। यह लेख वाटरशेड कार्यक्रमों, उनकी सफलताओं और सीमाओं के साथ भारत के अनुभव की जाँच करता है, और लचीलापन और आजीविका को बढ़ाते हुए जटिल सामाजिक-पारिस्थिति क चुनौतियों का समाधान करने के लि ए बहुक्रियशील परिदृश्यों की क्षमता पर प्रकाश डालता है
क्या पॉपिंग और पफिंग स्टार्च युक्त अनाज के पोषण संबंधी प्रोफाइल को उन्नत और स्वस्थ्यवर्धक बनाते हैं?
No full textखाद्य उद्योग में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण और पसंद कि ए जाने वाले उत्पा दों में से एक है - विस्ता रित स्नैक आइटम क्योंकि वे पचाने में आसान, हल्के , कुरकुरे और खाने के लि ए तैयार होते हैं। विस्ता रित स्नैक्स का उत्पा दन एक चुनौतीपूर्ण कार्य है। ग्राहकों की अपेक्षाओं और स्वा द वरीयताओं को पूरा करने के अति रिक्त, बाजार की प्रवृत्ति को पकड़ने के लि ए यह अभि नव और अद्वि तीय होना चाहि ए। स्नैक फूड मैन्यु फैक्चरिंग कंपनिय ां लगातार ऐसी प्रोसेसि ंग तकनीक की तलाश करती हैं जो न केवल कम मूल्य की हों बल्कि स्वस्थ स्नैक बनाने के उद्देश्य को भी पूरा करें। इस संबंध में, पॉपि ंग और पफि ंग संभावित विधिय ाँे हैं जो इन सभी लक्ष्यों को पूरा कर सकते हैं। वे सरल और कम लागत वाली प्रक्रियएँ हैं जिनका उपयोग कुरकुरे और विस्ता रित उत्पा दों के उत्पा दन क े लि ए किय ा जाता ह,ै जसै े कि पॉप्ड मखाना, पॉपकॉर्न , पफ्ड राइस, पफ्ड गेहूं, पफ्ड सोयाबीन, और कई अन्य
Effect of drying and packaging on storability of stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
No full textFresh stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) were dried by open sun drying, mechanical drying at 50, 60 and 70°C and green house (simple and with north wall reflection) drying methods. The dried samples were packaged in airtight high density polyethene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) jars and stored at ambient conditions. The effect of drying and packaging on storability were evaluated on the basis of quality parameters such as colour, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, ash and moisture content. It was observed from the study that the fresh stevia leaves dried by mechanical drying at 60o for 210 min, packaged in HDPE package can be stored under ambient condition for more than three months as the quality was maintained with moisture content (9.43%); total sugar (8.88%); ash content (6.76%); total soluble solids (9.79%) and overall acceptability (78±2.49%). Packaging material, storage period, storage condition and drying method had a significant effect on the different quality parameters and shelf life of stevia leaves
Modeling and Optimization of a Network of Evacuated Solar Collectors Attached to an Absorption Refrigeration System
No full textThe vapor absorption refrigeration system is an alternative cooling technology to vapor compression that can operate with low-grade energy sources, such as solar thermal energy. This study provides an analytical model, developed using heat and mass transfer equations in Microsoft EXCEL, to estimate the fluid outlet temperature of the collector (water), and thermal efficiency of the evacuated solar collectors as a function of inlet water temperature, solar intensity, and flow rate. To evaluate the optimum operating values to obtain the target hot water temperature required for operating the absorption system, a three-level Box-Behnken design matrix was generated using Design Expert-10 software selecting an appropriate input range, i.e., flowrate: 3 to12 L min-1, inlet water temperature: 25°C to 35°C, and solar intensity: 550 to1150 W m-2. Performance values (response) were evaluated using the developed thermal model, and values obtained were inserted for each generated input combination in the design matrix followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Equations were generated to predict responses after testing the significance of the response surface quadratic model. Results showed an increase in the collector fluid outlet temperature with a lower flow rate of collector fluid, higher ambient temperature and solar intensity. Optimization showed the optimal range of collector fluid outlet temperature between 83°C and 90°C and thermal efficiency of 37.45% to 39%. This study can lead to the development of more efficient system design including solar collectors by maximizing the utilization of solar energy
Impact of Agricultural Engineering and Technology on India’s Growth Story
No full textAgricultural engineering and technology have significantly contributed to India’s growth story by boosting crop yields, improving food security, increasing farmer income, promoting resource efficiency, and enabling economic development, particularly through the Green Revolution, by introducing advanced irrigation systems, high-yielding crop varieties, and mechanization, which reduced manual labor and increased productivity across the agricultural sector; this has been crucial in transforming India from a food-deficient to a food-surplus nation
Development of Biodegradable Products from Industrial Food Waste to Enable Circular Economy
No full textResearch and development of compostable and biodegradable tableware has predominant positive approach to environment by reducing the use of disposable tableware made out of plastic. e aim of this research is to develop a biodegradable cutlery using guava pomace (waste generated from guava fruit juice processing industry) with better physical, thermal and mechanical properties. e resultant developed cutlery is found to have good nutritional prole wiz vitamins, proteins, lipids, minerals, ber, phenolic compounds, textural properties and exural strength. e developed cutlery took 30 days to complete degradation when tested under soil burial test
Canning Preservation of Mango Slices
Get PDFThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of sugar syrup concentrations (15-30 oB), time (10-15 min) and temperature (80-100 oC) of thermal processing on various attributes i.e. acidity, ascorbic acid, overall acceptability and SPC. Canned mango slices contain 20 oB sugar syrup and thermally processed at 100 oC for 10 min results in good quality product. Processed mango slices can be stored at ambient storage condition (30±2 °C) for one year
Morphometric Analysis of Morna River Catchment using Geographic Information System
Get PDFIn this study, GIS and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have been utilized for estimation of morphological parameters of Morna river catchment. This was developed using the Visual Basic for Application (VBA) language based on the Arc objects technology developed by the Environmental System Research Institute (ESRI). Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz.; linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number and length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have been also investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.25 and circulatory ratio is 0.43 which suggests elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.54 which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment
Experimental Investigation of Drone-Based Insecticide Application for Effective Pest Management in Groundnut Field Crop
No full textMulti-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently emerged as a leading technology for crop spraying, with significant attention from researchers and manufacturers focused on the performance of battery-powered hexacopter UAVs. The UAV-spraying is influenced by several factors including drone design, configuration, capabilities, operating parameters and crop type. Therefore, in this study, a six-rotor UAV sprayer was experimentally investigated to characterize spray droplets and its effectiveness in a groundnut research field. Chlorantraniliprole insecticide (18.5% SC) was applied at concentrations of 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25% using the UAV sprayer. The UAV sprayer was operated under optimized conditions, with a forward speed of 3.0 m s-1, a spray height of 1.0 m, and a pump discharge rate of 1.6 L min-1. An effective spray width of 2.5 m was found during the spraying experiments. Spray droplet samples were analyzed, revealing an actual spray deposition rate of 0.89 μL cm-2 in the upper layer and 0.72 μL cm-2 in the bottom layer of the canopy. Compared to a manual knapsack sprayer (upper layer: 1.34 μL cm-2; bottom layer: 0.32 μL cm-2), the UAV sprayer achieved more uniform coverage in both layers, with 7.43% and 6.32% spray coverage per unit area in the upper and bottom layers, respectively, compared to 9.49% and 3.18% for the manual method. The biological efficacy in controlling leaf folder insect on groundnut was 85.0% to 90.0%. The theoretical and actual application rates of the UAV sprayer were 49.0 L ha-1 and 47.0 L ha-1, respectively. The cost of operation for groundnut crop using a UAV sprayer has been estimated as 350 Rs ha-1 (770 Rs h-1 i.e., 9.2 USD h-1). The powerful downwash airflow generated by the UAV’s propellers enhanced uniform droplet deposition, spray coverage, and area coverage compared to the knapsack sprayer. These findings demonstrated the potential of multi-rotor UAVs for efficient insecticide application in small-scale groundnut farming, providing valuable insights for improving UAV-based crop spraying techniques
Application of nanotechnology in farm power, machinery and operations: a review
Get PDFFarm Machinery and Power Engineering is one of the major discipline of agricultural engineering which deals with the mechanization of agricultural operations. Farm machinery includes simple farm tools like sickle, spade etc. to complex machines like laser land leveller, combine harvesters etc., whereas farm power deals with the prime mover required to operate different tools/implements/machinery like electric motor, diesel engine, tractor, power tiller etc. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to explore the possibility of using the nanotechnology in the development of agriculture machinery and various prime movers to enhance the performance parameters in terms of increased strength of various components, enhanced wear and corrosion resistance etc. The nanomaterials which can be harnessed to reduce the wear of various components have been outlined. Potential aspects of nanomaterials and nanocoating in the engine components and tractors for improving their efficiency in terms of weight, cost and lifetime; nano-emulsions and nano-particles in diesel fuel for manipulating the combustion and emission characteristics; nano-lubricants for reduced friction; nano-filled friction materials for more coefficient of friction in clutch and brakes; nanoparticle embedment in the tyres for reduced rolling resistance and better traction. Nanocoatings are used in agricultural machinery for improved appearance, rust and corrosion prevention, weather resistance, thermal protection, extended service life, fewer breakdowns. Nanobatteries are also used for more powerful, smaller and lighter batteries and carbon nanotube membranes are used for better desalination of irrigation water. Nanofertilizers for ensuring higher nutrient use efficiency; smart sensors to detect and treat disease efficiently and effectively; nanotechnology to reduce weight, extend flight time and increase the durability of drones; classic nanostructures like carbon nanotubes (CNT) to make solar cells lighter, cheaper and more efficient etc. have been reviewed systematically for thorough understanding and adoption