The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
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Role Of Precision Agriculture In Soil Water Conservation & Management
No full textWith an increasing trend of population worldwide especially in India which is already under huge water stress zone as water sources are depleting rapidly because of the erratic consumption pattern in the country. The world is now realizing that soon there will be acute shortage of water and it’s the most crucial resource at this juncture
Integrating RUSLE Model with Geographic Information System for Prediction of Soil Erosion in Baitarani River Basin of Odisha, India
No full textThe deteriorating soil conditions in the Odisha state of India pose a serious environmental challenge, particularly in the drought-prone central region of the state. This study was conducted to predict the soil erosion in Baitarani River basin of Odisha by using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model on geographic information system (GIS) platform along with a digital elevation model, satellite imagery, and different soil datasets. The key factors affecting soil erosion such as rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, management practice, and crop cover were analyzed to estimate soil erosion rate. Results indicated that RUSLE-GIS integration effectively identified erosion hotspots, within the river basin. The study revealed that 94.4% of the area experiences low to moderate soil erosion (2-10 t ha-1 yr-1), while 5.6% area faces high to severe erosion (10-30 t ha-1 yr-1), particularly in Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts. The findings emphasize the critical need for soil conservation measures in the high erosion-risk zone especially under the scenario of intense rainfall and changing land-use pattern. This study emphasizes that the integration of RUSLE model with GIS is a crucial tool for developing effective soil conservation strategies to mitigate land degradation in the area
Design and development of pressurized aqueous fertilizer application system for seeder
Get PDFIn dry land areas, seed germination greatly affected by insufficient soil moisture during sowing. Nitrogenous fertilizers like granular urea remain unavailable due to inadequate soil moisture to dissolve, dilute and convey it to root zone level. Precise application of aqueous fertilizer at root zone depth at the time of sowing enhances seed germination percentage by increasing available soil moisture as per the soil-moisture-crop requirement. A pressurized aqua ferti metering system was designed and developed for application of aqueous fertilizer diluted with water along the side of seed. The prototype consisted of pressurized aqueous fertilizer metering system through positive displacement pump, stationary opening with agitator type seed metering system and shovel type furrow opener with provision of carrying seed and aqueous fertilizer delivery tubes. A pressurized aqueous fertilizer application system consisted of rotary gear pump to vary pump rotational speed and circular distributor for uniform distribution of aqueous fertilizer. The flow rate and pressure were controlled by control valve for required amount of aqueous fertilizer. Three nozzles of size 8, 10 and 12 mm were evaluated at different pump rotational speeds (1800, 1440, 1152, 1080 and 864 rpm) and different control valve positions (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg/cm2) for desired flow rate. The discharge rate at a particular pressure was found to vary linearly with the Pump rotational speed and decreased as the line pressure increased. The desired flow rate in pressurized pumping system was obtained in a nozzle of size 10 cm up to a maximum pump speed of 1440 rpm and for a line pressure of less than 4 kg/cm2
Emerging Technologies for Transforming Agriculture
No full textOne of the largest food producers in the world, the Indian agricultural sector is steeped in contrasts, as the productivity or crop yields in India are significantly lower when compared to the global averages. The productivity levels are nearly half of the global best levels. Comparing to our neighbour China, even though the two countries have almost a similar farmer profile, the productivities in China are significantly higher compared to India
Modernization of farm machinery - Backbone of transformation
No full textThe ultimate goals of any farm mechanization initiatives are aimed at implementing engineering technologies to increase the level of cultivated land, achieving labor efficiency and productivity, moving towards industrialization and strengthening the market for rural economic growth thereby improving the livelihood of farmers. History shows that one of the strategies adopted in the past by Western countries to increase agricultural production and industrialization was agriculture mechanization. More recently in the 21st century, many Asian countries including India have embraced this western thinking and implemented mechanization policies in line with their own unique industry requirements
Optimization of Parameters for Harvesting of Paddy by Head Feed Combine
Get PDFA head feed combine was evaluated for optimization of combine parameters viz., cylinder speed (14.42, 15.53 and 16.64 m s-1), forward speed (3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 km h-1) and crop parameter viz., grain moisture content (18.1, 20.3, 22.4 per cent) in relation to threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency and total grain losses for paddy variety CSR - 30. Moisture content of 18.2 per cent, cylinder speed of 15.53 m s-1 and forward speed of 4.0 km h-1 was found optimum for harvesting of paddy variety CSR - 30. Moisture content was the most important factor influencing threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency and total grain losses followed by cylinder speed and forward speed
कृषि अभियांत्रिकी अनुसंधान का भारतीय कृषि और उससे आगे पर प्रभाव
No full textकृषि अभियांत्रिकी अनुसंधान का भारतीय कृषि और उससे आगे पर प्रभा
Rainfall trend of Akola station in Vidarbha using parametric and non-parametric test
Get PDFGlobal warming can affect land ecosystems especially water cycle. Rainfall is a key input in management of agriculture and irrigation projects and any change in this variable can influence on sustainable management of water resources and agriculture. The present study investigates the rainfall variation and trends in Akola station in Vidharbha using daily rainfall data for 47 year (1970-2016). Trend analysis was done by using Mann- Kendall test and Sen’s slope test. The results reveal that average annual rainfall of Akola was 796.65 mm which varied from ± 202.12 mm/year with 25.27 per cent coefficient of variation. The annual and seasonal rainfall and rainy days didn’t exhibit any statistical significant trend. Monthly rainfall and rainy days shows significant trends during month of August as decreasing (-2.95 mm/year) at 99% and July as increasing (0.08 mm/year) at 90% confidence level. Weekly rainfall showed trends during Standard Metrological Week (SMW) 30 as increasing (Qt = 0.97 mm/year) and 32 and 33 SMW as decreasing (Qt = -0.77 & Qt = 0.71 mm/year) and weekly rainy days shows trends for during SMW 26 as decreasing (-0.04 mm/year) and for SMW 30 as increasing (0.57 mm/year) for Akola station. These changes may further influence on water resource availability for agriculture in the region
Development and evaluation of seed-cum-fertilizer drill suitable for low stature bullocks of Jharkhand
Get PDFDraught animal power is one of the major farm power sources of Jharkhand state which falls under agro-climatic zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hilly region) due to poor financial condition of farmers and fragmented land holdings. Considering the draught animal size as well land holding capacity of farmers of Jharkhand state, an animal drawn multi crop seed-cum-fertilizer drill has been developed. The seed drill was evaluated in laboratory as well as in field condition. The average draft and power requirement of the developed seedcum- fertilizer drill were 416.74 N and 0.372 kW, respectively. The average effective field capacity and field efficiency of the developed seed-cum-fertilizer drill were 0.069 ha/h and 65.9%, respectively at an average speed of 2.37 km/h. The cost of operation for sowing of wheat by developed animal drawn seed-cum-fertilizer drill was Rs. 1078/ ha whereas cost of sowing by existing animal drawn Birsa seed drill and traditional method (sowing behind country plough) were 2308 Rs./ha and 3675 Rs/ha, respectively).Thus, there is a saving of an amount Rs. 2597/ ha with the developed seed drill. The overall performance of the machine was found satisfactory for sowing of different crops (wheat, horse gram, upland paddy, black gram etc) in Jharkhand state
A novel cold plasma for extraction of essential oil from piper betel leaves
No full textThe essential oil found in betel leaves has a wide range of medicinal application. So, extraction of highly bioactive compounds along with essential oil from betel leaves is interesting among the industries. However, extraction of this betel leaves oil by traditional methods negatively affects the yield, energy, time, and cost. So, the novel non thermal green technology has been adopted for better utilization and improvement of extraction yield. The cold plasma is one of the novel techniques consider as a green technology which eliminates the limits of conventional extraction methods and improved the extraction efficiency by surface etching of oil holding gland. It facilitate simple and fastens the extraction rate while preserving the biological compounds due to low temperature conditions. So, the cold plasma conditions have been optimized and found that 35 kV voltage with 10 min of exposure time produced 154.39 % of extraction yield efficiency