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The Role of Language in the Media During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide
Get PDFIn 1994, around 800,000 people were killed in 100 days of genocide in Rwanda. The primary targets of the genocide were the minority Tutsi, but many moderate Hutus were killed as well. In order to facilitate mass participation in the genocide, the ruling elite created and promoted media tools to disseminate anti-Tutsi propaganda and convince ordinary Rwandans to take part in the killings. The media instruments used included the RTLM radio station and newspapers such as Kangura. Using excerpts from radio broadcasts, as well as scholarly works by journalists, broadcasters, and media experts, this paper explores the role of the media in the genocide, including the formation of the media outlets and the various types of language used in the media, (such as high context and low context language), in addition to explaining how this language was used to promote genocide, and making recommendations for the prevention of the use of hate media in future conflicts
Investor Perception of Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSiR) and Investing Decisions
Get PDFThe study examines a behavioral finance paradigm, where investors incorporate emotional/expressive and financial factors. The impact of emotional ties to the firm’s products and an expressive factor such as corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) are examined to determine whether their investment decisions are based on them. We find that investors make decisions that are wealth maximizing as well as emotional/expressive. Moreover, we find that our respondents believe corporate profits should not come from using the cheapest labor nor from engaging in CSiR behavior, and they would be less likely to invest in such a firm
Counterproductive Work Behaviors to Cope With Person-Organization Misfit
Get PDFA random sample of employees was surveyed to explore the effect of person-organization fit on counterproductive work behaviors. There was a significant negative relationship between person-organization fit and counterproductive work behaviors. A lack of person-organization fit may be construed by employees as a depletion of psychological resource. As the conservation of resources theory (Hofboll, 1989) argues, it appears that employees may have replenished the loss of this psychological resource (person-organization fit) by engaging in counterproductive work behaviors. Consequently, organizations should assess the person-organization fit of all employees and prevent the negative consequences of counterproductive work behaviors. The findings have several implications for practitioners
Middle Manager Resistance to, or Acceptance of Organisational Change in the Australian Public Service
Get PDFThis paper explores the impact of policy on organisational factors (leadership and organisational culture) and managers’ personal attributes (such as psychological capital) on their resistance to or acceptance of change. This qualitative study utilised interviews with senior leaders and focus groups with middle managers. The findings identified the impact of senior leadership and managers’ Psychological Capital on their acceptance of change. This paper identified the importance of understanding the drivers of change on managers during the change process in two public sector organisations. This paper found that the implementation of NPM reforms and austerity funding affected how managers’ interpreted new policies, which impacted their acceptance of change
Why Petty IT Tyrants Are the Real Enemy of Cybersecurity, Productivity, and Innovation
Get PDFDespite purportedly acting in the best interests of the organization, many Information Technology (IT) managers succumb to desires for control and power that result in behavior that is detrimental to employees and, ultimately, the organization as a whole. Drawing from Ashforth’s seminal work on petty tyranny, we highlight the unique dynamics of IT-related tyranny, characterized by micromanagement and arbitrary control over user activities. Employing models that both illustrate petty tyranny emergence and delineate the lifecycle of IT petty tyranny, this work describes how individual predispositions and organizational factors catalyze and perpetuate tyrannical behaviors. In addition, we examine the harmful effects of IT petty tyranny on employee morale, productivity, and even organizational cybersecurity. We conclude with practical advice on how organizations can recognize and mitigate IT petty tyranny to avoid negative outcomes for employees and the organization
Understanding the Guanxi Culture in Chinese Art Market: Okada Kosho and Shanghai Art World in the Late-nineteenth Century
Get PDFShanghai art market had developed a strong international trade system since China was forced to have her gate ajar in the late-nineteenth century. In 1873, a Nagasaki doctor Okada Kosho (1821-1903) travelled to Shanghai and Suzhou. Thanks to the development of stochastic models for the analysis of social networks in contemporary statistics, the structure of Okada’s guanxi (social connections) in Shanghai and Suzhou in the late nineteenth century can be represented by the model, which illustrated that Okada was connected with a few “bridges”, including the Japanese artist Yasuda Rozan, Japanese Consulate Shinagawa Tadamichi, an official dispatched at the end of 1860s to Shanghai, Kumashiro Encho, and the prominent art collector of the Guoyun Chamber, and Gu Cheng, all of whom helped Okada Kosho to explore the Shanghai and Suzhou art world. Through the bridging ties spanned by these individuals, Okada interacted closely with a particular cluster of Chinese artists, art collectors and art dealers. This proved that the Chinese art community heavily relied on social connections of the “bridges” in advertising itself and spreading its reputation. This paper first outlines the Shanghai art market in the late nineteenth century based on Okada Kosho’ s Diaries of Shanghai and Suzhou (1890). It then argues for the opportunity and limitation of building guanxi in the context of the Chinese art market. Finally, it suggests research approaches based on viewing the late-nineteenth-century Shanghai art market in this new way
Development Logic From Regional Cuisine to Global Fast Food — A Case Study of Lanzhou Beef Noodles
Get PDFLanzhou Beef Noodles is a distinctive regional food in and around Lanzhou, China. With the development of the society, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has become a shared culinary cultural element among people across many parts of China and even expanding globally. The phenomenon of “Lanzhou Beef Noodles” evolving into “Lanzhou Ramen” and spreading throughout the streets worldwide highlights the combined significance of this food and its business. This combination has led to the dual expansion of the economic significance of cuisine and the social significance of business. Using ethnographic research methods based on anthropology and incorporating anthropological theories of business, this paper argues that adhering to traditional culinary standards constitutes a core competitiveness and value advantage of Lanzhou Beef Noodles. A rational operation of capital plays a crucial social role in the process of business inheritance and transformation. The joint efforts of the government and the private sector, along with an adaptive business model, have transformed Lanzhou Beef Noodles from a culinary cultural resource into a cultural capital. This transition is the developmental logic behind the widespread success of Lanzhou Beef Noodles, making it a culinary delight locally, nationally and globally
Non-Smoke Tobacco Consumption in India: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Get PDFThis study evaluates the economic and social impacts of non-smoke tobacco consumption in India and compares them with the tax revenue generated by the government from this industry. Non-smoke tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco and pan masala, are associated with various health and environmental problems, such as oral cancer and littering. The study uses the concept of externalities to analyse the costs and benefits of non-smoke tobacco consumption for the society and the government. Based on available data and assumptions, the study estimates the expenditure on oral cancer treatment and cleanliness, and the revenue from direct and indirect taxes on non-smoke tobacco products. The study finds that the government collects more revenue than it spends on mitigating the negative externalities of non-smoke tobacco consumption, but the social costs are still significant. The study suggests that the government should implement more effective tobacco taxation and control policies to reduce the consumption and harm of non-smoke tobacco products
Revolutionizing Financial Health Predictions: The Integration of GenAI and Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Get PDFIntegrating Generative AI (GenAI) and advanced machine learning techniques into financial health predictions represents a revolutionary approach to financial technology. While prior research has incorporated machine learning and artificial intelligence into financial analysis, GenAI has not yet been incorporated into financial models. Our comprehensive experimental study aims to bridge this gap by harnessing the advanced capabilities of Generative AI to improve predictive accuracy and model robustness. The distinctive contribution of this study lies in its utilization of Generative AI, which offers novel insights and methodologies that traditional machine-learning techniques do not provide. A key discovery of this study is the alignment of Generative AI with quantitative models, revealing the potential to identify fraud and financial difficulties that stakeholders should consider before making investment decisions. Moreover, the study proposes that a mixed-method approach could be beneficial for future research in risk measurement. These unique and novel findings highlight that traditional methods would not have been able to uncover such insights. This research provides robust and interpretable financial assessments and contributes valuable knowledge to financial technology, showcasing the innovative application of Generative AI in financial health predictions
Brand Essence Effects on Extension Information Accessibility
Get PDFThis study advances the research scope of adverse extension effects by examining the impacts of brand similarity upon the accessibility of negative extension information. The research results reveal that the accessibility of unfavorable extension information of narrow brands is higher than that of broad brands. Negative extension information exerts more adverse effects on narrow brands than on broad brands. Narrow brands are high-similarity brands implying the existence of obvious underlying essence, which facilitates spontaneous processing of negative extension information. Contrarily, broad brands are low-similarity brands implying vague underlying essence, which leads to less spontaneous processing of negative extension information