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Environmental assessment of circular construction materials through leaching criteria
No full textTesis doctoral en período de exposición públicaIngeniería Industrial: Tecnologías de Diseño y Producción Industria
The effects of digitalization and teleworking on job satisfaction
No full textEn los últimos años, el mercado laboral español ha sufrido una transformación aumentada por factores sociales, sanitarios y tecnológicos. La pandemia de COVID-19 supuso un cambio insólito en la forma de trabajar y su organización. Para garantizar la continuidad de la actividad económica y la reducción del contagio, la mayoría de las empresas y administraciones públicas en la medida de lo posible. Esta modalidad que hasta comienzos de la pandemia era irrelevante en España, pasó a ser un pilar fundamental en el mercado laboral para miles de personas.
A su vez, la digitalización se afianzó como una herramienta principal para realizar las tareas profesionales. El software colaborativo, las plataformas de videollamada se convirtieron en el pilar fundamental para aquella población trabajadora, aunque este proceso supuso un cambio en la cultura laboral y en la impresión de la jornada, la productividad y el espacio, así como la adaptación tecnológica.
Esta modalidad implementada ha influido en la satisfacción laboral haciendo que cambie la visión que tenemos de ésta. La manera en la que las personas y su relación con el trabajo se ha visto tanto beneficiada como comprometida debido a la posibilidad de teletrabajar, debido a las situaciones en las que se ha implementado esta modalidad y a la inconformidad entre sectores, perfiles y condiciones del contrato. Elementos como el estrés digital, la independencia, conciliación o el aislamiento social se han convertido necesarios para asimilar las emociones de los trabajadores en esta nueva visión del trabajo.
En este trabajo se expone un análisis del impacto que han tenido tanto la digitalización como el teletrabajo en la satisfacción laboral en España, derivada de la pandemia del COVID-19 que tuvo lugar en 2020. Se inicia desde la idea que estos cambios no han influido de la misma manera en todos los sectores ni a todos los trabajadores, ni que el efecto sobre el bienestar laboral depende de diversos elementos tanto personales como profesionales.Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa
Neural network for real-time estimation of solid phase pyrolysis parameters
No full textThe rate at which solid fuel is pyrolyzed is of great importance to determine combustion reaction rates at fires. As this transient process is highly sensitive on temperatures, the mass loss rate (MLR) tends to be derived by Arrhenius expression. Over the last decade years, novel optimization methodologies have emerged to obtain estimations of the thermokinetic parameters to simulate fire scenarios with the support of sophisticated models. While these works are based on different artificial intelligence technics, they share a common approach: when the user need to study a specific material, they launch thousands of simulations to find an optimized set of parameters which fix the best with a dependent parameter, like the mass loss rate curve. This study aims to define an inverse approach, training a neural network (NN), with thermokinetic parameters and thousands of mass loss rate simulations to create a single database, that once generated, can be applied to all subsequent analyses, reducing computational costs. Therefore, when one user needs to implement thermokinetic parameters in their fire engineering calculations, they must only supply the AI model with a MLR curve from bench-scale experiments, like gasification apparatus or Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA). By processing this input, the corresponding reaction scheme and thermokinetic parameters are directly supplied. To validate the proposed AI model, it was directly applied to ten gasification apparatus experimental MLR curves obtained from the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) Validation Guide. The results showcased an improvement in the uncertainty parameters compared to the Guide, underscoring the potential of utilizing neural networks to enhance the accuracy of FDS simulations for solid-phase pyrolysis. The proposed AI model can characterize the materials in few seconds, making it a tool of great interest for obtaining the input parameters of the FDS model from experimental tests.The authors would like to thank the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear for the cooperation and cofinancing of the project “Análisis de modelos numéricos y experimentales para la investigación de incendios en centrales nucleares” (FIRENUC) and for the research project SUBV-18/2022 “NUCLEVS - Validación, calibración y aplicación de modelos de propagación de incendios en escenarios reales de Centrales Nucleares”
Assessment of the risk of osteoporotic bone fracture in postmenopausal women using machine learning methods
Full text linkThe main objective of osteoporosis management is to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Using machine learning methods, new risk variables can be identified to enhance the ability to identify women with osteoporosis who are at an increased risk of bone fracture. A multicenter study using machine learning-based methods was conducted in two independent cohorts of postmenopausal women (HURH and Camargo Cohorts), with clinical follow-up periods ranging from 8 to 10 years. The prediction models were developed in the HURH Cohort and validated using the Camargo Cohort, an independent external group of postmenopausal women. This study developed machine learning models to predict the risk of osteoporotic bone fractures. One is for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, and the other is for general postmenopausal women. For each of these, two variable grouping options were used. The aggregation with the most predictive power included variables that are generally most accessible in medical practice. For postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the AUC was 0.92, and for general postmenopausal women, it was 0.88. The results highlighted the significance of the previous fracture, DXA data, vitamin D levels, and PTH levels in predicting future fractures. Machine learning should be used to identify postmenopausal women at increased risk of fractures. This study summarizes that previous fractures, DXA, PTH, and vitamin D play crucial roles in identifying these women.This research was partly supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI21/00532), which was
co-funded by European Union FEDER funds
Risk factors for treatment failure in late acute periprosthetic joint infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with surgical debridement - a case-control study
Full text linkBackground: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with late acute periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) treated with surgical debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) have a high failure rate. We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for DAIR failure in this specific patient population. Methods: Data from an international multicenter retrospective observational study were used. Late acute PJI was defined as a sudden and acute onset of PJI symptoms occurring more than 3 months after implantation in a previously asymptomatic joint. Cases with RA were matched with cases without RA based on the affected joint. A multivariate Cox regression, stratified for RA, was used to identify risk factors and calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for failure. Subgroup analysis was done to explore the role of immunosuppressive therapy. Results: A total of 40 patients with RA and 80 control patients without RA were included. The use or continuation of immunosuppressive drugs was not associated with a higher failure rate. No significant association was found between the duration of symptoms, causative microorganisms, and therapy failure. Bacteremia was an independent predictor for treatment failure (HR of 1.972; 95 % confidence interval, CI, of 1.088-3.573; pp == 0.025), and the exchange of modular components was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure (HR of 0.491; 95 % CI of 0.259-0.931; p=0.029p=0.029 ). Conclusion: In patients with RA and a late acute PJI treated with DAIR, bacteremia is an important predictor of treatment failure. Exchanging the modular components seems to be especially important in this patient group and is associated with a lower failure rate
Manipulative materials as a tool for solving mathematical problems in Primary Education
No full textEste trabajo se centra en el uso de materiales manipulativos como estrategia para la enseñanza de las matemáticas y la mejora de la resolución de problemas en educación primaria. A partir del reconocimiento del papel fundamental de las matemáticas en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico y crítico, se analiza el marco legal y curricular que promueve el uso de metodologías activas y manipulativas.
La intervención se llevó a cabo en una clase de segundo de primaria del CEIP Marina de Cudeyo, compuesta por 15 alumnos. Se diseñaron tres sesiones didácticas con el objetivo de comparar la eficacia de dos tipos de materiales manipulativos en la resolución de problemas matemáticos: las Regletas de Cuisenaire y los Policubos.
La observación directa y el análisis de los resultados evidencian una mejora general en la comprensión, en la ejecución de las operaciones y el razonamiento lógico-matemático al utilizar los materiales manipulativos, destacando diferencias en su efectividad según el tipo de recurso utilizado. Las regletas facilitaron una mejor selección de la operación adecuada, mientras los policubos ayudaron a una ejecución más precisa.
Se concluye que ambos materiales son complementarios y eficaces en función del grupo y el contexto educativo, contribuyendo a un aprendizaje más significativo y motivador de las matemáticas. Además, se subraya la importancia de adaptar los recursos a las características del grupo y de acompañar su uso con una adecuada orientación didáctica.This study focuses on the use of manipulative materials as a strategy for teaching mathematics and improving problem-solving skills in primary education. Based on the recognition of the fundamental role of mathematics in the development of logical and critical thinking, it analyzes the legal and curricular framework that promotes the use of active and manipulative methodologies.
The intervention was carried out in a second-grade classroom at CEIP Marina de Cudeyo, consisting of 15 students. Three instructional sessions were designed to compare the effectiveness of two types of manipulative materials in solving mathematical problems: Cuisenaire Rods and Linking Cubes.
Direct observation and analysis of the results reveal a general improvement in understanding, in the execution of operations, and in logical-mathematical reasoning when using manipulative materials, with notable differences in effectiveness depending on the type of resource used. The Cuisenaire rods facilitated a better selection of the appropriate operation, while the linking cubes supported more accurate execution.
It is concluded that both materials are complementary and effective depending on the group and educational context, fostering more meaningful and motivating mathematics learning. Furthermore, the importance of adapting resources to the characteristics of the group and providing appropriate instructional guidance is emphasized.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Primari
Literature behind the scenes: a didactic proposal for teaching the Spanish Golden Age through the play Valor, agravio y mujer, by Ana Caro
Full text linkLa animación a la lectura es uno de los objetivos principales del profesorado de Lengua Castellana y Literatura. En esta propuesta didáctica, enmarcada en la LOMLOE (2020) y concretada en la legislación de la C.A. de Cantabria (Decreto 73/2022, de 27 de julio), se plantea el empleo del teatro como medio de enseñanza de la literatura áurea en lengua castellana y como medio de animación a la lectura. Además, se propone un descubrimiento del Siglo de Oro español centrado en la literatura femenina, siguiendo el ODS número 5 propuesto por la UNESCO. En este sentido, el trabajo en el aula se divide en un bloque de educación literaria; un bloque de comunicación escrita, donde se leerá Valor, agravio y mujer, de Ana Caro y se reescribirá el final; un bloque de comunicación oral; y un bloque de expresión corporal y artística, que culminará con la puesta en escena de los fragmentos finales. De este trabajo se concluye la importancia de luchar contra los estereotipos de género desde el estudio de la literatura, así como la necesidad de fomentar la lectura en el alumnado por medio del trabajo cooperativo y la manipulación de los textos de la época estudiada.Reading promotion is one of the main objectives of Spanish Language and Literature teachers. In this teaching proposal, framed within the LOMLOE (2020) and specified in the legislation of Cantabria (Decree 73/2022, of July 27), the use of theatre is proposed as a means of teaching Golden Age literature in Spanish and as a tool for encouraging reading. Furthermore, the proposal promotes an exploration of the Spanish Golden Age focused on women’s literature, in line with UNESCO’s SDG number 5. To this end, classroom work is divided into a literary education block; a written communication block, where they will read Valor, agravio y mujer by Ana Caro and work in groups to rewrite its ending; an oral communication block; and a body and artistic expression block, which will culminate in the performance of the final scenes. From this work, we conclude the importance of combating gender stereotypes through the literature classes, as well as the need to promote reading among students through cooperative work and the use of texts from the historical period studied.Máster en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundari
Trends in HCVi infection prevalence among people with HIV in Spain over two decades (2002-2023)
No full textBackground: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly impacted people with HIV (PWH). Harm reduction programs, changing transmission patterns, and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have profoundly altered HIV/HCV coinfection trends. This study evaluates HCV prevalence in Spain over two decades.
Methods: We conducted nine cross-sectional studies (2002-2023) in 39-43 centers. Sampled individuals were randomly sampled from PWH actively followed at these centers, with proportional allocation. Main outcomes included anti-HCV antibody and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA+) prevalences.
Results: The reference population ranged from 31,800 to 47,006, with sample sizes of 1,260-1,867. HIV transmission patterns shifted from 2002 to 2023, with injection drug use (IDU) decreasing from 55% to 21% and men who have sex with men (MSM) increasing from 17% to 46%. HCV seroprevalence fell from 60.8% to 27.4%, and active infection from 46.3% to 0.9%. In the DAA era (2015-2023), active HCV dropped by 100% in heterosexuals, 94% in IDU, and 71% in MSM. Treatment uptake increased from 23% in 2002 to 99% by 2023 with all-oral DAAs. Cirrhosis among active HCV cases peaked at 23.1% in 2015 but fell to 0% by 2021. Among those achieving sustained virologic response (SVR), cirrhosis prevalence was 20.4% in 2023.
Conclusions: HIV/HCV coinfection has drastically declined in Spain, with active HCV infection prevalence below 1% since 2021. DAAs were pivotal in this achievement. However, cirrhosis remains a concern among those with SVR. Ongoing surveillance and prevention efforts are essential to sustain these gains and address residual risks
Measurements of inclusive and differential cross sections for top quark production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at V¯s = 13 TeV
Full text linkMeasurements are presented of inclusive and differential cross sections for Z boson associated production of top quark pairs (tt¯Z) and single top quarks (tZq or tWZ). The data were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb?1. Events with three or more leptons, electrons or muons, are selected and a multiclass deep neural network is used to separate three event categories, the tt¯Z and tWZ processes, the tZq process, and the backgrounds. A profile likelihood approach is used to unfold the differential cross sections, to account for systematic uncertainties, and to determine the correlations between the two signal categories in one global fit. The inclusive cross sections for a dilepton invariant mass between 70 and 110 GeV are measured to be 1.14 ± 0.07 pb for the sum of tt¯Z and tWZ, and 0.81 ± 0.10 pb for tZq, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the “Excellence of Science — EOS” — be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany’s Excellence Strategy — EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” — 390833306, and under project number 400140256 — GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program — ÚNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021- NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC — National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR — Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF “a way of making Europe”, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)
Cuatro años de aplicación del valor de referencia: algunas cuestiones controvertidas
Full text linkEl valor de referencia es una de las figuras más novedosas del sistema fiscal español del último lustro. Ha introducido importantes cambios en la base imponible de determina dos impuestos y ha incorporado algunas singularidades que han atraído el interés de la doctrina científica. Comenzó a aplicarse en 2022 y, desde entonces, ha suscitado muchos interrogantes que merecen ser estudiados con profundidad y detenimiento. Este artículo centra la atención en aquellos aspectos más controvertidos que se han puesto especialmente de manifiesto a lo largo de los cuatro años de vigencia del valor de referencia.The reference value is one of the most innovative figures in the Spanish tax system of the last five years. It has introduced important changes in the taxable base of certain taxes and has incorporated some singularities that have attracted the interest of scien tific doctrine. It began to be applied in 2022 and, since then, it has raised many ques tions that deserve to be studied in depth and in detail. This article focuses on the most controversial aspects that have become particularly evident over the four years of the reference value.Este artículo es fruto de un proyecto de investigación del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, titulado: “Tres años de aplicación del valor de referencia: status questionis y propuestas de mejora”