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Interventions to reduce compassion fatigue in nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies
No full textBackground: Compassion fatigue is the emotional response generated by continuous exposure to human suffering and is especially common among nursing professionals. This phenomenon can lead to decreased empathy and increased emotional exhaustion while affecting the quality of care.
Aim: To synthesize information from primary studies that have used and evaluated interventions aimed at managing compassion fatigue in nursing professionals.
Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis of studies with randomized and nonrandomized control groups.
Methods: Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published between 2013 and 2023. The search was conducted in January 2024 to identify control group studies that provided quantitative pre-post data on both groups of compassion fatigue assessed with the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQol). Quality was assessed using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I scales. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024537935).
Results: The search strategy yielded a total of 1006 records, of which 11 studies were selected; these provided a total of 763 participants. Most of the interventions consisted of providing knowledge and skills to increase resilience, emotional well-being, and stress coping. The interventions had an average duration of 6 weeks distributed in 9 sessions with an average of 90 minutes. After the intervention, a statistically significant increase in satisfaction was obtained and a statistically significant reduction in fatigue and burnout.
Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and/or Health Policy: Interventions aimed at reducing compassion fatigue are effective among nursing professionals. In the future, further high-quality research with prospective follow-up designs is required
Temperature inversions and air quality in the Cantabrian mountains: a case study of the Campoo valley
Full text linkLas inversiones térmicas constituyen un fenómeno meteorológico frecuente en áreas de montaña, por el que una masa de aire cálido se superpone a una masa de aire frío. El aire frío en superficie (CAP) causa, entre otros impactos, la acumulación de contaminantes cerca de sus fuentes de emisión. Este trabajo analiza las características de estos eventos en Campoo, un valle montañoso del norte de España, y evalúa su influencia en la calidad del aire local. Estos eventos se generan durante todo el año, siendo más fuertes y persistentes en los meses invernales, caracterizándose por un acusado ciclo diario de temperatura y humedad, cielos despejados y una capa límite de reducido espesor. Los vientos muestran una débil circulación con sentido ascendente por el día y descendente por la noche. Como consecuencia de la gran estabilidad atmosférica, los niveles de NO2 y PM10 experimentan un aumento mientras que la reducción de O3 es compensada a medida que avanza la estación cálida por procesos fotoquímicos. Sobre esta dinámica natural se superpone el origen local de los compuestos contaminantes, que determina una evolución temporal sujeta a variaciones en la actividad humana, como demuestra un "efecto fin de semana" y una mejora de la calidad del aire después de la pandemia de COVID-19.Temperature inversions are a common meteorological phenomenon in mountainous areas whereby a warm air mass is superimposed on a cold air mass. The cold air pool (CAP) causes, among other effects, the accumulation of pollutants near their emission sources. This study analyses the main features of these events in Campoo, a mountain valley in northern Spain, and assesses their influence on local air quality. These events occur throughout the year but are stronger and more persistent in the winter months, characterised by a pronounced daily cycle of temperature and humidity, clear skies and a thin boundary layer. Winds show a weak upward circulation during the day and a downward circulation at night. Due to the strong atmospheric stability, NO2 and PM10 levels increase while the reduction of O3 is compensated by photochemical processes as the warm season progresses. The local origin of these compounds determines that their temporal evolution is subject to variations in human activity, as demonstrated by a "weekend effect" and an improvement in air quality after the COVID-19 pandemic
Detection of binary companions below the diffraction limit with lucky imaging
Full text linkContext. Binary stars are invaluable tools that can be used to precisely measure the fundamental properties of stars, to test stellar models, and further our understanding of stellar evolution. Stellar binarity may also play an important role in the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Aims. We provide a technique for resolving intermediate-separation binaries stars with medium-sized telescopes (i.e. diameter less than or equal to 2.5 metres) at wavelengths around 825 nm in the super-resolution range (i.e. below the limit defined by the Rayleigh criterion). Methods. We combined two well-known algorithms that have been applied to reduce the halo in lucky imaging observations: COvariancE of Lucky Images and the Lucky Imaging Speckle Suppression Algorithm. We reviewed the fundamentals of both algorithms and describe a new technique called Lucky Imaging Super resolution Technique (LIST), which is optimized for peak highlighting within the first ring of the Airy pattern. To validate the technique, we carried out several observing campaigns of well-known binary stars with the FastCam instrument (FC) on the 1.52 m Carlos Sánchez Telescope (TCS) and 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), both located at the Observatorios de Canarias (OCAN). Results. The projected angular separation between objects was resolved by applying LIST to FC data taken with TCS and NOT, with a result below 0.15''. It can go down to approximately 0.05'', given the limitations of the detector plate scale. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that binary companions with such small angular separations have been detected using only lucky imaging at optical wavelengths. The average accuracy achieved for the angular separation measurement is 16 ± 2 mas with NOT and is 20 ± 1 mas with TCS. The average accuracy obtained for the position angle measurement is 9.5º ± 0.3º for NOT and 11º ± 2º for TCS. We also made an attempt to measure the relative brightnesses of the binary components, obtaining results that are compatible with literature measurements. Using this comparison, the △m uncertainty obtained was 0.1 mag for NOT and 0.48 mag for TCS, although it should be noted that the measurements have been taken using slightly different filters. Conclusions. Lucky imaging, in combination with speckle suppression and a covariance analysis, can allow the resolution of multiple point sources below the diffraction limit of 2-m class telescopes. However, it should be noted that measurements in the super-resolution regime are less sensitive than those above the first Airy ring.D.J. acknowledges support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU/AEI) under grant "Nebulosas planetarias como clave para comprender la evolución de estrellas binarias" and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with reference PID-2022-136653NA-I00 (DOI:10.13039/501100011033). D.J. also acknowledges support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU/AEI) under grant "Revolucionando el conocimiento de la evolución de estrellas poco masivas" and the the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR with reference CNS2023-143910 (DOI:10.13039/501100011033)
Monitorizado del proceso de trefilado mediante adquisición de imágenes y uso de redes neuronales
Full text linkEste Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) se centra en la monitorización del proceso de trefilado mediante la adquisición de imágenes y su posterior procesamiento utilizando una red neuronal convolucional, específicamente ResNet50, implementada en MATLAB. El objetivo principal es identificar y clasificar imágenes del proceso de trefilado, diferenciando aquellas con defectos de las que no presentan anomalías, así como identificar el tipo de defecto que aparecen en las imágenes.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se capturaron imágenes de muestras de cables obtenidos mediante el proceso de trefilado. Las imágenes fueron etiquetadas manualmente para entrenar y evaluar la red neuronal. Se utilizó la red neuronal ResNet50, con el objetivo de encontrar la solución óptima. El modelo fue entrenado y ajustado en MATLAB, empleando un conjunto de datos balanceado para evitar sesgos en la clasificación.
Los resultados muestran una precisión equilibrada del 98.1% en la detección de defectos y un 98.11% en la clasificación de los mismos, destacando la efectividad de ResNet50 para este tipo de aplicaciones industriales. Además, se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y se proponen mejoras futuras, como la utilización de técnicas de aumento de datos y el empleo de cámaras de mayor resolución.
En conclusión, la implementación de un sistema de monitorización basado en la adquisición de imágenes y el procesamiento mediante redes neuronales se presenta como una solución viable y efectiva para la identificación y clasificación de defectos en el proceso de trefilado.This Final Degree Project (TFG) focuses on monitoring the wire drawing process through image acquisition and subsequent processing using a convolutional neural network, specifically ResNet50, implemented in MATLAB. The main objective is to identify and classify images from the wire drawing process, distinguishing those with defects from those without anomalies, as well as identifying the type of defect present in the images.
For this study, images of wire samples obtained through the wire drawing process were captured. The images were manually labeled to train and evaluate the neural network. The ResNet50 neural network was used with the goal of finding the optimal solution. The model was trained and fine-tuned in MATLAB, using a balanced dataset to avoid biases in classification.
The results show a balanced accuracy of 98.1% in defect detection and 98.11% in defect classification, highlighting the effectiveness of ResNet50 for this type of industrial application. Additionally, the study's limitations are discussed, and future improvements are proposed, such as the use of data augmentation techniques and higher-resolution cameras.
In conclusion, the implementation of a monitoring system based on image acquisition and processing using neural networks is presented as a viable and effective solution for defect identification and classification in the wire drawing process.Grado en Ingeniería Mecánic
Matrimid®/ZIF-8 hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes for hydrogen recovery from industrial waste streams
Full text linkThe development of efficient separation technologies to recover hydrogen from industrial waste streams plays an important role to satisfy the increasing demand for hydrogen. In this work, mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes were synthesized by incorporating an inorganic filler (ZIF-8) with molecular sieve properties, into a Matrimid® polymer matrix. The membranes were tested under conditions that reproduce real industrial processes, focusing on H2/CO2 separation. Addition of 5 wt% ZIF-8, whose well distribution along the fiber was confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis, resulted in a significant improvement in H2 permeance (30.5 GPU) compared to pristine Matrimid® (16 GPU) at 30 °C. Moreover, selectivity was improved by 67 % reaching values of 3.3 and 41 for H2/CO2 and H2/bulk compounds at 30 °C. The increase in the separation performance is attributed to the molecular sieve effect of ZIF-8 together with the increase of the free volume due to the inclusion of the filler in the polymer matrix, enhancing H2 flux over the other gases. Moreover, the hollow fiber membranes were tested under varying conditions of pressure, temperature and feed composition, including multicomponent streams that represent real process conditions, confirming promising results helping to scale up mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes.This research is being supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the projects PID2021-123120OB-I00, TED2021-129951B-C21, and “Complementary Plan for Energy and Renewable Hydrogen” additionally supported with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Furthermore, authors also acknowledge the funds received within the project PLEC2021-007718 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union Next GenerationEU/RTRP and the project PLAST4H2 EAPA 0018/2022 within the framework on the INTERREG ATLANTIC program. Gonzalo Moral is grateful to the FPU postgraduate research grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Organizational behavior, leadership and motivation
Full text linkEste trabajo tiene como objetivo relacionar el liderazgo y la motivación de los empleados con su satisfacción y productividad, gracias a ello entenderemos como los distintos estilos de liderazgo y motivación influyen de una manera u otra en el compromiso y en el rendimiento de los trabajadores. Este análisis en concreto se llevará a cabo en el Instituto Cántabro de Administración Pública Rafael de la Sierra (ICAP), una entidad pública del Gobierno de Cantabria que se autofinancia y se especializa en la formación del personal al servicio de la Administración General de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria.
El fin de esta investigación es facilitar una comprensión clara y aplicada de como los distintos estilos de liderazgo y motivación influyen de una forma u otra en los empleados dentro de una empresa pública se autogestiona
Para alcanzar este objetivo, se ha empleado una metodología mixta, que incluye la revisión de teorías y estudios relevantes en el campo del liderazgo y la motivación, así como la realización de encuestas y entrevistas en el ICAP. Los datos obtenidos han sido analizados con el fin de identificar patrones y correlaciones entre el estilo de liderazgo y los niveles de motivación de los empleados.
Como resultados principales destacan un claro estilo de liderazgo democrático, el cual mantiene a los empleados bastante motivados, por otra parte, los empleados con mayor motivación son aquellos que más edad tienen. Los empleados anteponen el reconocimiento y los logros a un aumento salarial, lo que implica que buscan una realización de ellos mismos.This study aims to relate leadership and employee motivation to their satisfaction and productivity. Through this, we will understand how different leadership and motivation styles influence employee commitment and performance in various ways. This specific analysis will be conducted at the Instituto Cántabro de Administración Pública Rafael de la Sierra (ICAP), a self-financed public entity of the Government of Cantabria specializing in training personnel serving the General Administration of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria.
The purpose of this research is to provide a clear and applied understanding of how different leadership and motivation styles impact employees within a self-managed public institution.
To achieve this objective, a mixed methodology has been used, including a review of relevant theories and studies in the field of leadership and motivation, as well as conducting surveys and interviews at ICAP. The data collected has been analyzed to identify patterns and correlations between leadership style and employee motivation levels.
The main results highlight a clear democratic leadership style, which keeps employees highly motivated. Additionally, the most motivated employees tend to be older. Employees prioritize recognition and achievements over salary increases, indicating that they seek personal fulfillment.Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa
Towards industrial decarbonization : sustainable transition by CO2 utilization technologies
Full text linkUna vía de descarbonizar el sector industrial es la implementación de tecnologías de captura y utilización de CO2. Se propone el reciclaje de CO2 industrial a través de la novedosa electro-reducción (CO2ER). Dado su estado emergente, esta tesis doctoral aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre los avances tecnológicos necesarios para que la CO2ER mejore la sostenibilidad de los sectores industriales difíciles de descarbonizar mediante la coproducción de productos de bajo carbono. Combinando la Ingeniería de Sistemas de Procesos y la Evaluación del Ciclo de Vida, la tesis explora los posibles beneficios y desventajas de la CO2ER en comparación con otras vías de descarbonización. Esto contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas de evaluación y decisión para la CO2ER, ayudando a avanzar hacia una economía circular de bajo carbono.A pathway to foster the decarbonization of industrial sectors is deploying CO2 capture and utilization technologies. Recycling industrial CO2 is proposed through the novel electro-reduction (CO2ER) technology. Given its emerging state, this PhD thesis contributes new knowledge on the technological advancements required for CO2ER to enhance the sustainability of hard-to-abate industrial sectors by coproducing low-carbon products. Combining Process Systems Engineering and Life Cycle Assessment, the thesis explores the potential benefits and trade-offs of CO2ER compared to alternative decarbonization pathways. This promotes the development of decision-making and evaluation frameworks for CO2ER, advancing efforts toward a low-carbon circular economy
Performance and effectiveness of generative artificial intelligence in software sevelopment
Full text linkEl impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa en el desarrollo de software es un tema en auge en la investigación actual, impulsado por el creciente número de modelos de lenguaje de gran tamaño (LLMs) disponibles en el mercado, capaces de ofrecer asistencia en tareas clave de la informática. Este trabajo de fin de grado tiene como objetivo estudiar la aplicación de esta tecnología en el desarrollo software, en un entorno que refleja las condiciones habituales del sector. El propósito de este estudio es proporcionar una visión clara y fundamentada sobre el estado actual de la IA generativa, destacando tanto sus capacidades como sus limitaciones en el entorno del desarrollo de software. Este trabajo ofrece un análisis detallado de su desempeño en escenarios prácticos, permitiendo a cualquier interesado comprender mejor su aplicación y utilidad. Más allá de un análisis técnico, esta memoria explora cómo estas herramientas pueden transformar la forma de trabajar de los desarrolladores, agilizando diversas tareas del desarrollo software, como se ilustra mediante casos de estudio en este trabajo. No obstante, también se abordan los desafíos relacionados con la supervisión y validación de los resultados generados por la IA. En definitiva, este estudio trata de proporcionar una comprensión profunda y práctica de cómo la IA generativa puede integrarse eficazmente en el desarrollo de software, ofreciendo valiosas recomendaciones, como es el tratamiento de prompts o las limitaciones y puntos destacables encontrado en los casos de estudio analizados, para maximizar su potencial y superar sus obstáculos en entornos empresariales.The impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on software development is a growing topic in current research, driven by the increasing number of large language models (LLMs) available in the market, capable of providing assistance in key computing tasks. This undergraduate thesis aims to study the application of this technology in software development, in an environment that reflects the usual conditions of the industry. The purpose of this study is to provide a clear and well-founded view of the current state of generative AI, highlighting both its capabilities and limitations in the software development environment. This work offers a detailed analysis of its performance in practical scenarios, allowing any interested party to better understand its application and usefulness. Beyond a technical analysis, this thesis explores how these tools can transform the way developers work, streamlining various software development tasks, as illustrated through case studies in this work. However, it also addresses the challenges related to the supervision and validation of AI-generated results. Ultimately, this study seeks to provide a deep and practical understanding of how generative AI can be effectively integrated into software development, offering valuable recommendations, such as prompt handling or the limitations and notable points found in the analyzed case studies, to maximize its potential and overcome its obstacles in business environments.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic
Sustainable Finance. Sustainable investment portfolios vs. non-sustainable investment portfolios
No full textEn la economía actual, uno de los principales focos de atención de las empresas es su capacidad de no dañar el medio ambiente y de ser responsables con la sociedad en su conjunto. A lo largo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) se aborda el papel actual de las finanzas sostenibles en el ámbito empresarial. Las finanzas sostenibles son aquellas prácticas financieras que integran criterios ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza (ASG) en la toma de decisiones de inversión y gestión de riesgos, con el objetivo no sólo de obtener una rentabilidad económica, sino de generar un impacto positivo tanto en la sociedad como en el medio ambiente. A lo largo de este TFG se analiza la evolución del concepto de finanzas sostenibles y se explican diversos aspectos claves relacionados con la sostenibilidad. Además, se realiza un estudio comparativo de dos carteras de inversión (sostenible y no sostenible). El análisis llevado a cabo confirma que la cartera compuesta por activos sostenibles generó un mayor rendimiento ajustado al riesgo en comparación con la cartera integrada por activos no sosteniblesIn today's economy, one of the main focuses of attention for companies is their ability to not harm the environment and to be responsible towards society as a whole. Throughout this Final Degree Project (TFG), the current role of sustainable finance in the business field is addressed. Sustainable finance is those financial practices that integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in investment decision-making and risk management, with the aim not only of obtaining economic profitability, but of generating a positive impact on both society and the environment. Throughout this TFG, the evolution of the concept of sustainable finance is analyzed and various key aspects related to sustainability are explained. In addition, a comparative study of two investment portfolios (sustainable and non-sustainable) is carried out. The analysis carried out confirms that the portfolio composed of sustainable assets generated a higher risk-adjusted return compared to the portfolio composed of non-sustainable assetsGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa
Children's literature, value acquisition through reading comprehension. Intervention proposal through story reading and inference making train a five year old classroom
Full text linkLa literatura infantil fomenta habilidades lingüísticas y cognitivas, pero también actúa como potenciador para la transmisión de valores como la empatía, el respeto y la solidaridad. ¿Cómo se consigue?, ¿existe una fórmula mágica? ...Los cuentos infantiles son nuestro recurso pedagógico, gracias a ellos los niños se sumergen en situaciones y contextos que les permiten explorar y reflexionar sobre temas como la solidaridad, el respeto y la empatía. Así pues, podemos realizar infinitud de inferencias que nos ayudan a comprender y analizar el mundo real desde una perspectiva de imaginación, sueños y realidades.
Estos relatos actúan como un espejo que refleja las complejidades del mundo real, mientras que al mismo tiempo les ofrece un espacio seguro para experimentar emociones y aprender de las decisiones y consecuencias que enfrentan los personajes.
La comprensión lectora será nuestra compañera a lo largo de todo el trabajo, ya que permitirá a los niños profundizar en los mensajes implícitos que los textos transmiten. De este modo “El cazo de Lorenzo” de Isabelle Carrier se convertirá en nuestro puente entre el mundo de la fantasía y las realidades del día a día.Children's literature fosters linguistic and cognitive skills, but it also serves as a tool for transmitting values such as empathy, respect, and solidarity. How is this achieved? Is there a magic formula? ...Children's stories are our pedagogical resource, allowing children to immerse themselves in situations and contexts that enable them to explore and reflect on topics like solidarity, respect, and empathy. In doing so, we can make countless inferences that help us understand and analyze the real world from the perspectives of imagination, dreams, and everyday life.
These stories act as mirrors that reflect the complexities of the real world, while simultaneously offering a safe space for children to experience emotions and learn from the decisions and consequences faced by the characters.
Reading comprehension will accompany us throughout this work, as it allows children to delve into the implicit messages conveyed by the texts. In this way, El cazo de Lorenzo by Isabelle Carrier will become our bridge between the world of fantasy and the everyday realities of life.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Infanti