Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
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The Role of p53 Gene In Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
No full textIntroduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in oral and originates from the epithelial tissue. Carcinoma formation is a genetic process that triggers changes in cell morphology and behavior. Abnormalities in cell cycle control, regulated by p53 among these factors. This study was conducted to examine the role of p53 and p53-related proteins in the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Review: p53 is a component of the genome associated with the development of cancer in humans. Several studies have suggested that p53 is an important antitumor weapon. In the cell cycle, p53 is recognized if there is a cell mutation or the presence of an oncogene, and delays the cell cycle to prevent cells from becoming cancerous. The level of p53 will increase and react by arresting the cell cycle, directing cells to repair or undergo apoptosis. If p53 does not function, the cell cycle carrying damaged genetic material continues and is unable to undergo apoptosis. As a result, cells continue to proliferate with genetic abnormalities that can lead to malignancy.
Conclusion: Loss of p53 function can cause random mutations, chromosomal changes, and aneuploidy, which drive the growth of cancer cells to a malignant state. Analysis of changes at the molecular level can be a major diagnostic tool to guide treatment and identify changes associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Survey of Dental Students' Knowledge Levels Regarding Gingival Pigmentation and Smoking Behavior
No full textBackground: Aesthetics is an important aspect in the world of dentistry, and patients have high expectations for aesthetics to increase their self-confidence. Smokers have a high risk for periodontal disease, and smoking causes several abnormalities in the oral cavity, such as pigmentation of the oral cavity, which interferes with the aesthetics of the teeth. Good ability and knowledge are required to identify aesthetic needs. This need can be met by dental graduates. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of clinical students at FKG UPDM (B) regarding gingival pigmentation to smoking behavior.
Material and Methods: This study employs a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. Questionnaires with 10 research questions were distributed online to clinical students at FKG UPDM(B).
Results and Discussion: Based on 100 professional students, consisting of 76 female students in the dental profession (76%) and male students in the dental profession 24 people (24%). This study shows that the knowledge of professional students at FKG UPDM (B), all respondents have good knowledge (89.0%).
Conclusion: This study shows that the knowledge of research subjects who are professional students at FKG UPDM (B) in general is in a good category (80%-89%
Responsibility of Medical Personnel in Performing Emergency Actions Related to the Legal Interests of Legal Subjects
No full textIntroduction: Professional standards for medical personnel define the competencies that medical personnel can be held accountable for when practicing medicine. The purpose of these professional standards is to ensure that medical personnel possess a minimum standard of knowledge, skills, and professional behavior, which is also used by relevant parties as a guideline, reference, basis, and guidance in regulating and fostering the medical and dental professions. However, in the cases of Supreme Court Decisions Number 1145K/Pdt/2017 and Number 365K//Pid/2012, medical personnel were faced with an emergency that forced them to perform medical procedures deemed to violate these professional standards.
Method: This study uses a descriptive analytical juridical method to analyze the criminal law liability of medical personnel. Data were collected from laws, related regulations, and court decisions. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative juridical approach.
Discussion: The professional standards for doctors are regulated by the Decree of the Indonesian Medical Council Number 193/KKI/KEP/VIII/2024, and the professional standards for dentists are regulated by the Decree of the Indonesian Medical Council Number 126/KKI/KEP/III/2024. These professional standards govern medical personnel in providing healthcare services, including emergency measures. While emergencies are not explicitly stated in Article 48 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), Article 33, is not explicitly stated. However, through doctrine and jurisprudence, the view has developed that emergencies are part of relative coercive power, but not psychological coercive power. Therefore, legal subjects may be faced with three conflicting options. Emergencies can be linked to Article 48 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning coercive power and forced circumstances, which can serve as justification and excuse.
Conclusion: The liability of medical personnel for performing emergency actions and errors, if carried out in an emergency to protect the patient's life, can be grounds for eliminating criminal penalties for medical personnel and cannot be accounted for
Trends in Outpatient Dental and Oral Visits at Selemadeg Timur I Public Health Center
No full textIntroduction: Oral and dental health problems in Indonesia continue to increase, yet the utilization rate of health services, especially in remote, frontier, and outermost (3T) regions, remains relatively low. Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) play a crucial role in providing promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services, supported by electronic medical record systems to facilitate the analysis of patient visit patterns and morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of patient visits to the dental and oral health unit at UPTD Puskesmas Selemadeg Timur I, Megati Village, as a basis for improving the quality and effectiveness of health services.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive quantitative research conducted at UPTD Puskesmas Selemadeg Timur I in April 2025. Data were collected from the medical records of 1,253 patients from January to December 2024 using a total sampling method. The observed variables included visit classification, payment mechanisms, gender, and 5 dominant cases based on gender. The results were analyzed and presented in tables and charts to illustrate the distribution and trends of dominant cases.
Results and Discussion: There were 1,253 visits over one year, with the majority being follow-up patients (73.42%), covered by JKN (91.37%), and female patients (61.77%). The peak of visits occurred in December, influenced by the academic calendar and health promotion activities. The most common diagnosis was pulpitis (K04.0) at 43.66%, disturbances of tooth eruption (K00.6) at 22.27%, gingivitis and periodontal diseases (K05.0) at 22.11%, pulp necrosis (K04.1) at 5.91%, and periapical abscess without sinus (K04.7) at 2.39%.
Conclusion: The visits were predominantly follow-up cases, involving JKN participants and female patients, with pulpitis (K04.0) being the most frequent diagnosis. The high utilization of JKN highlights the vital role of community health centers in ensuring equitable access and quality of dental healthcare services in their respective service areas
Antifungal Potential of Sansevieria Trifasciata Infusion as a Cleaner for Dentures
No full textIntroduction: Thermoplastic nylon is one of the alternative materials used for denture bases, in addition to acrylic resin. It offers good flexibility and aesthetics; however, its high water absorption makes it susceptible to microbial colonization. Sansevieria trifasciata is a herbal plant known for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Therefore, it has the potential to be developed as a natural denture cleanser. This study aims to determine the antifungal effect of a 40% S. trifasciata var. laurentii infusion on the growth of Candida albicans colonies on thermoplastic nylon denture base plates.
Material And Methods: This in vitro experimental study used a post-test only control group design with four groups: one negative control (sterile distilled water) and three groups treated with 40% S. trifasciata infusion for 24, 48, and 72 hours. A Candida albicans suspension (1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) was prepared using McFarland standard 0.5. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify active compounds in the extract. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test (p < 0.05).
Results and Discussions: Phytochemical analysis of the S. trifasciata var. laurentii extract indicated the presence of saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, all of which are known to exhibit antifungal activity. The descriptive analysis showed that the treatment group with 72-hour immersion had the lowest average colony count of C. albicans. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference among the groups (p = 0.001). LSD post hoc analysis revealed that all treatment groups differed significantly from the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that prolonged immersion in S. trifasciata var. laurentii infusion enhances its antifungal efficacy. The observed antifungal activity is likely related to the disruption of fungal cell membranes by the active compounds present in the extract.
Conclusion: The 40% S. trifasciata var. laurentii infusion is effective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans on thermoplastic nylon denture base plates. The most significant antifungal effect was observed with a 72-hour immersion duration
Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurate roxb.) Extract Gel Increasing Fgf-2 Expression and Accelerating The Healing Process in Oral Mucosal Ulcers of Wistar Rats
Get PDFIntroduction: The human oral cavity plays an important role in daily activities such as eating and speaking. The occurrence of oral problems such as oral ulcers known as canker sores will make it difficult to speak, chew food and discomfort when swallowing which will be felt in the inflammatory phase. The purpose of this study was to prove that the administration of fingerroot extract gel (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.) 10% can increase FGF-2 expression and can reduce the diameter of ulcers in the healing process of oral mucosal ulcers of Wistar rats.
Material and Methods: Fingerroot extract gel 10% was obtained by macerating the base material, then evaporated with a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick temu kunci extract and then mixed with the gel base material (CMC-Na). A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were made ulcers on the labial mucosa and the control group was given 3% CMC-Na, the positive control group was given triamcinolone acetonide gel, and the treatment group was given 10% fingerroot extract gel. Ulcer diameter was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 8th day. On the 8th day, the animals were killed and the labial mucosa was taken, then the tissue was processed into preparations to calculate the amount of FGF-2 expression.
Result and Discussion: After topical application of 10% fingerroot extract on traumatic ulcers on the oral mucosa of rats, there was an increase and shrinkage of ulcer diameter which showed significant differences with p <0.05.
Conclusion: There was an increase in FGF-2 expression and reduced ulcer diameter in Wistar rats after application of 10% temu kunci extract gel
Antibacterial Effects of Tobacco Leaf Extract (Nicotiana tabacum) on Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro Study)
No full textIntroduction: Deep caries can involve the pulp tissue, necessitating pulp capping treatment. Fusobacterium nucleatum is frequently found in deep caries. One of the essential requirements for pulp capping materials is antibacterial properties. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a commonly used pulp capping material due to its favorable characteristics, such as antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and more. However, MTA has several drawbacks, including a long setting time, difficult manipulation, risk of staining and discoloration, and high cost. Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract has the potential to serve as an herbal alternative for pulp capping materials, as it is known to possess antibacterial properties derived from its secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effects of Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental laboratory study with a post-test only control group design was conducted. The antibacterial test used the 96-well microdilution and plate count methods to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). There were nine test groups, consisting of Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract at 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of 1000 µg/µL (31.25 µg/µL, 62.5 µg/µL, 125 µg/µL, 250 µg/µL, and 500 µg/µL), sterile aquadest (negative control), MTA (positive control), and internal controls (Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and sterile aquadest).
Results: The number of bacterial colonies significantly decreased as the extract concentration increased. Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract showed MIC values at 12.5% (125 µg/µL) and MBC values at 25% (250 µg/µL). The antibacterial activity of Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract is attributed to its secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids, which disrupt bacterial structures and functions.
Conclusion: Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract has antibacterial effects (bacteriostatic and bactericidal) on Fusobacterium nucleatum
Differences in Knowledge and Attitudes Before and After Oral and Dental Health Education in Elementary School Students at SDN 013 Palaran Samarinda City
No full textIntroduction: Dental and oral health problems are still widely found in children, especially at the age of 5-9 years. One of the factors that causes this problem is the lack of children's knowledge which has an impact on children's attitudes and actions towards their dental and oral health. One way that can be done as an effort to prevent dental and oral health problems at a child's age is by educating dental and oral health through flashcard game media. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference in knowledge and attitudes before and after dental and oral health education in students at SDN 013 Palaran, Samarinda City.
Research Materials and Methods: This study was a pre-experimental research with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The research respondents came from students in grades 1, 2, and 3 at SDN 013 Palaran, Samarinda City with a sample size of 71 people who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out by knowledge and attitude questionnaires. The data from the study were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained were that most of the students' knowledge before education was in the medium category, which was 53.5%, and after education, the majority of students' knowledge was in the good category, which was 95.8%. The attitude of students before education is more in the medium category, namely 52.1%, and the attitude of students after education mostly shows a good category, which is 88.7%. The difference in knowledge and attitude before and after dental and oral health education showed p < 0.01
Conclusion: There are differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after dental and oral health education in students at SDN 013 Palaran, Samarinda City
The Difference in the Effects of Theobromine Solution at Concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin and Dentin
No full textIntroduction: The use of composite resin as a restorative material poses challenges in creating optimal adhesive bonds with dentin, particularly due to the presence of the smear layer. A cavity cleanser is required to remove the smear layer and enhance adhesive strength. Chlorhexidine is considered the gold standard cavity cleanser, but it has toxic effects on the pulp. Theobromine, a natural compound derived from cocoa beans, has the potential to serve as a safer alternative with low toxicity.
Material and Methods: This in vitro experimental study employed five treatment groups: aquadest, 2% chlorhexidine, 1% theobromine, 5% theobromine, and 10% theobromine. A total of 25 premolar tooth samples were used. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with a One-Way ANOVA statistical test.
Results and Discussions: The highest shear bond strength value was observed in the 5% theobromine group (5.53 MPa). There was no significant difference among the treatment groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The 5% theobromine solution yielded the highest mean shear bond strength value compared to other groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that theobromine has potential for further investigation as a candidate cavity cleanser.
Submandibulary Abscess With Molar Teeth Pulp Necrosis
No full textIntroduction: A Submandibular abscess is an accumulation of pus in the submandibular region, often caused by odontogenic infections. An untreated submandibular abscess can lead to life-threatening complications.
Case: A 47-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with progressive swelling of the left neck, dysphagia, and respiratory distress. She had a history of intermittent dental pain for two years. Examination revealed submandibular swelling extending to the neck, with erythema, warmth, tenderness, and fluctuance. Intraoral examination showed deep caries in tooth 37, residual root of tooth 46, and poor oral hygiene.
Case Treatment: This case was managed collaboratively with the general surgery department, involving an extraoral incision and drainage, antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone 2 x 1g IV and metronidazole 3 x 500mg IV), and tooth extraction to expedite recovery.
Discussion: Dental plaque and debris containing carbohydrates are converted into lactic acid by bacteria, leading to tooth structure destruction. This creates a pathway for bacterial invasion of the apical region, infecting the cancellous bone and cortical bone. The infection can spread through the bone to the soft tissues. Anatomically, mandibular molar tooth infections can easily spread to the buccal space and submandibular space.
Conclusion: Tooth extraction is crucial in managing submandibular abscesses with odontogenic infections to prevent recurrence