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Knowledge Management of Historical Data: Ontology Development for Chemical Reactions
Get PDFKnowledge management of the literature and historical data is critical to accelerated drug and materials discovery. Currently, literature knowledge is scattered in journal articles in various formats: diagrams, texts, plots, etc. Historical data from past experiments are saved in a number of local computers under confusing folder structures with ambiguous file names. To manage and organize historical data and knowledge, our group (SDLE) at CWRU follows FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, which outline the best practices for data stewardship and data provenance, and ontology, a formal representation of terms and concepts and their relationships, as a tool to improve interoperability. Knowledge graphs, constructed from graph data structure, are built from historical knowledge and domain ontology, which acts as a schema layer, and are capable of inductive reasoning via graph traversal. In this project, an ontology for conducting a chemical reaction or synthesis is developed by mapping terms from multiple common mid-level ontologies from the chemistry domain such as Chemical Entities with Biological Interest (ChEBI), National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt), Chemical Method Ontology (CHMO), etc. The ontology is built using FAIRmaterials, a package available in R and Python developed by SDLE students. The resulting ontology will be used to build a knowledge graph on the nitration of aromatic compounds with flow chemistry
A Comparative Analysis of Media Responses to 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Cleveland OH, and St.Louis, MO
Get PDFDepletion of Complement Factor 3 Delays the Neuroinflammatory Response to Intracortical Microelectrodes
Get PDFThe neuroinflammatory response to intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) used with brain-machine interfacing (BMI) applications is regarded as the primary contributor to poor chronic performance. Recent developments in high-plex gene expression technologies have allowed for an evolution in the investigation of individual proteins or genes to be able to identify specific pathways of upregulated genes that may contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. Several key pathways that are upregulated following IME implantation are involved with the complement system. The complement system is part of the innate immune system involved in recognizing and eliminating pathogens – a significant contributor to the foreign body response against biomaterials. Specifically, we have identified Complement 3 (C3) as a gene of interest because it is the intersection of several key complement pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of C3 in the IME inflammatory response by comparing the neuroinflammatory gene expression at the microelectrode implant site between C3 knockout (C3–/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. We have found that, like in WT mice, implantation of intracortical microelectrodes in C3–/- mice yields a dramatic increase in the neuroinflammatory gene expression at all post-surgery time points investigated. However, compared to WT mice, C3 depletion showed reduced expression of many neuroinflammatory genes pre-surgery and 4 weeks post-surgery. Conversely, depletion of C3 increased the expression of many neuroinflammatory genes at 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-surgery, compared to WT mice. Our results suggest that C3 depletion may be a promising therapeutic target for acute, but not chronic, relief of the neuroinflammatory response to IME implantation. Additional compensatory targets may also be required for comprehensive long-term reduction of the neuroinflammatory response for improved intracortical microelectrode performance
Opioids and the Workforce: An Analysis of the Relationship between Opioid Deaths and Ohio’s Economy
Get PDFIn 2016, Ohio was ranked third in the nation for opioid deaths. The number of opioid-related deaths was over double the national average (Cooper et al. 2020). By 2021, opioids were involved in nearly 75% of overdose deaths (CDC 2023). In 2023, opioid manufacturers and pharmacies were charged with paying Ohio 679.6 million dollars over the next 15 years, as retribution for their involvement in the opioid epidemic (Ohio Attorney General 2023). One of the reasons for this payment is the impact the opioid crisis has had on the labor market. There is much literature on the impact of opioid prescription rates on the labor market, but less research on the impact of opioid deaths (Aliprantis 2019). We utilize the Ohio Integrated Behavioral Health Dashboard to retrieve annual opioid death statistics by county in Ohio for 2019 to 2021, as well as the employment-topopulation ratio by county for 2019 to 2021 from the Ohio Labor Market Information Database. We hypothesize a negative and bidirectional relationship between these variables. We utilize two cross-sectional regressions to model the impact of both directions in all 88 Ohio counties: the effect of the opioid death-to-population ratio on the employment-to-population ratio and the effect of the employment-to-population ratio on the opioid death-to-population ratio. We model this in an attempt to investigate the difference in the magnitude of the relationship in both these directions to uncover which relationship is dominant. We find that a stronger labor market in 2019 (lower employment-to-population ratio) is associated with a lower opioid death-to-population ratio in 2021 at a statistically significant level. We procure a negative but insignificant result in the converse model. Our work contributes to understanding the directionality of the relationships between the opioid epidemic and the labor market
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