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Introduction: Giving Room to Embodied Relationships
No full textThe special issue Z(a)dziwienie ciałem—to Wonder (to Wander) in Corporeal Relationships aims to contribute modestly and imaginatively to the recent wave of work around wonder. In some respects, too, it continues the short seminar “Discussing Wonder” published in Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia vol. XV, no. 2 (2020). In the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, wonder helped philosophers make sense of the nature of their own inquiries and their striving for knowledge. This is the context in which Plato and Aristotle first discussed wonder (thaumadzein). The concept was reprised in a similar framework when Descartes and Spinoza laid foundations for modern philosophy, and Martin Heidegger and Hannah Arendt looked back to wonder when they tried to rethink the role of philosophy in the 20th century. These are only some significant points along the way of a concept with a varied and complex history
Biotic Interactions Vary Across Species\u27 Ranges and Are Likely Conserved through Geological Time
Get PDFAim: The evolutionary interactions between western spadefoot toads (genus Spea) represent a textbook example of character displacement, facilitated by dietary specialization of one Spea species on fairy shrimp (Anostraca) when all three co-occur. The aim of this study is to understand the covariation between predator (Spea) and prey (Anostraca) range shifts in response to climate change oscillations, and whether biotic interactions can be used to project species distribution models on different time scales when studying species with dietary specialization. Taxon: Amphibia: Spea spp. and Crustacea: Anostraca. Location: North America. Methods: Using multiple modelling techniques, we first estimated the potential distribution of central and western North American fairy shrimp species (Crustacea: Anostraca) and two western spadefoot toad species (Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata). We then created a shrimp species richness map by aggregating individual species estimates. Third, we studied the relationship between the probability of spadefoot toad presence and fairy shrimp species richness during the present and Last Glacial Maximum conditions. Finally, we estimated the strength and direction of the co-occurrence between spadefoot toads and fairy shrimp sampled at the level of entire predicted range and at the regional level (allopatric and sympatric). Results: First, the same abiotic environmental variables shape spadefoot toad and fairy shrimp species\u27 distributions in central and western North America across time. Second, areas of sympatry of Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata correspond with dry conditions and higher shrimp richness. Finally, the spatial patterns of predator–prey co-occurrence are highly variable across geography, forming a spatial mosaic over the species\u27 ranges. Main Conclusion: Predator–prey relationships form a spatial mosaic across geography and species ranges. Including biotic interactions into species distribution estimates for organisms with dietary specialization is highly recommended. Biotic interactions can be projected across different time frames for organisms with dietary specialization as they are likely conserved
Structural and Electronic Factors Controlling the Efficiency and Rate of Intersystem Crossing to the Triplet State in Thiophene Polycyclic Derivatives
Get PDFThiophene polycyclic derivatives are widely used in organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and medicinal chemistry applications. Understanding the electronic and structural factors controlling their intersystem crossing rates is paramount for these applications to be successful. This study investigates the photophysical, electronic structure, and excited state dynamics of 1,2-benzodiphenylene sulfide, benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene in polar aprotic and non-polar solvents. Steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and DFT and TD-DFT calculations are employed. Low fluorescence quantum yields of 1.2 to 2.7 % are measured in acetonitrile and cyclohexene, evidencing that the primary relaxation pathways in these thiophene derivatives are nonradiative. Linear interpolation of internal coordinates calculations predict that an S−C bond elongation reaction coordinate facilitates the efficient intersystem crossing to the T1 state. Excitation of 1,2-benzodiphenylene sulfide and benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene at 350 nm or benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene at 365 nm, populates the lowest-energy 1ππ* state, which relaxes to the 1ππ* minimum in tens of picoseconds or intersystem crosses to the triplet manifold in ca. 500 ps to 1.1 ns depending on the position at which the benzene rings are added. Excitation at 266 nm does not affect the intersystem crossing rates. Laser photodegradation experiments demonstrate that the thiophene polycyclic derivatives are highly photostable
A Data Integration Framework of Additive Manufacturing based on FAIR Principles
Get PDFAbstract: Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) process with rich data sets coming from both in situ and ex situ sources. Data derived from multiple measurement modalities in an AM process capture unique features but often have different encoding methods; the challenge of data registration is not directly intuitive. In this work, we address the challenge of data registration between multiple modalities. Large data spaces must be organized in a machine-compatible method to maximize scientific output. FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles are required to overcome challenges associated with data at various scales. FAIRified data enables a standardized format allowing for opportunities to generate automated extraction methods and scalability. We establish a framework that captures and integrates data from a L-PBF study such as radiography and high-speed camera video, linking these data sets cohesively allowing for future exploration
Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test for Beta-Thalassemia
Get PDFHemoglobin (Hb) disorders are among the most common monogenic diseases affecting nearly 7% of the world population. Among various Hb disorders, approximately 1.5% of the world population carries β-thalassemia (β-Thal), affecting 40,000 newborns every year. Early screening and a timely diagnosis are essential for β-thalassemia patients for the prevention and management of later clinical complications. However, in Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where β-thalassemia is most prevalent, the diagnosis and screening for β-thalassemia are still challenging due to the cost and logistical burden of laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, we present Gazelle, which is a paper-based microchip electrophoresis platform that enables the first point-of-care diagnostic test for β-thalassemia. We evaluated the accuracy of Gazelle for the β-Thal screening across 372 subjects in the age range of 4–63 years at Apple Diagnostics lab in Mumbai, India. Additionally, 30 blood samples were prepared to mimic β-Thal intermediate and β-Thal major samples. Gazelle-detected levels of Hb A, Hb F, and Hb A2 demonstrated high levels of correlation with the results reported through laboratory gold standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.99. This ability to obtain rapid and accurate results suggests that Gazelle may be suitable for the large-scale screening and diagnosis of β-Thal
Opportunities to Address Health Disparities in Suicidality for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in Public Systems
No full textExperimental Investigations on the Flow Boiling and Heat Transfer Characteristics During Chilldown Process in a Closed Loop Chilldown Test Section
No full textIn this study, closed loop chilldown experiments are performed on a 0.009525 m outer diameter SS-316 tube of length 0.6 m and thickness 0.001651 m in a horizontal flow configuration with PF-5060 as the working fluid. The challenges associated with the development of a closed loop chilldown test section in comparison with conventional open loop cryogenic chilldown experiments are discussed and the methods to overcome this are presented. The test section tube is heated to around 246–249 °C to perform the chilldown tests and the film, transition and nucleate boiling regimes along with the single phase liquid convective regimes are captured in the present experiments. To understand the effect of inlet mass flux on the chilldown characteristics of the tube, tests are performed at different inlet mass fluxes ranging from 132.83 kg/m²s – 1303.96 kg/m²s (Inlet Reynolds number ranging from 1,291–12,679) covering the entire regime of laminar to transition to turbulent inlet flows for inlet subcoolings of 33.3 – 41.9 °C. The effect of the inlet conditions on the behavior of chilldown curves, temperature of transition points (rewetting and onset of nucleate boiling), critical heat fluxes, heat flux curves, parasitic heat losses, regime-specific time-averaged heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients are analyzed at different wall locations. The chilldown performance parameters such as chilldown time, liquid consumption and quench front propagation/rewetting velocities are compared at different inlet conditions and axial wall locations
Living Collections: Biodiversity Cultivated at Public Gardens has the Power to Connect Ecological Questions and Evolutionary Context
No full textCombining ecological questions with evolutionary context generates novel insight into both ecology and evolution. However, our ability to draw broad inferences can be limited by the taxonomic diversity present within and across species at a site. Public gardens (including botanical gardens and arboreta) may focus solely on aesthetics in developing their gardens, but some public gardens include scientific inquiry and conservation at the core of their missions (Hohn, 2022). These scientifically oriented public gardens follow community standards of excellence (Hohn, 2022) to provide unique access to curated plant collections specifically designed to gather high levels of biodiversity, both among and within species, at a single geographic location. These research-grade collections include long-lived species cared for over many decades. Such public gardens have long histories of conducting and supporting research harnessing the power inherent in these diverse collections, including explorations of systematics, ecophysiology, and ecology. By bringing together species, as well as individuals within species, from across broad spatial ranges into a single site, these collections offer living repositories of diversity ripe for scientific exploration as de facto common gardens (Dosmann, 2006; Dosmann and Groover, 2012; Primack et al., 2021)
A Comparative Review of Soil Carbon Sequestration Methods in Brazil’s Agriculture
Get PDFBrazil is under unique pressure to adopt sustainable agricultural practices due to its intricate biodiversity and globally dominant agricultural sector. Increasing soil degradation, agricultural land expansion, and rising levels of atmospheric carbon are nationwide concerns that require multifaceted solutions. Integrated agricultural systems, which rehabilitate soils through crop, forage, and livestock rotation as well as biochar—a carbon-rich soil amendment—can address such concerns. These sustainable farming practices improve carbon sequestration and soil fertility; however, uptake remains minimal due to environmental, economic, and policy barriers. Accordingly, this paper proposes a comprehensive model of integrated systems and biochar, in which the benefits of one system can counteract the impediments of the other: biochar can reduce the volatility of integrated systems while integrated systems can reduce the costliness of biochar. This paper will first discuss the environmental impacts of integrated systems and biochar before noting how such impacts are affected in the comprehensive model. The next section will similarly discuss economic impacts in the same manner, and the last section will outline integrated systems policy and the demand for creating biochar policy. This paper offers a holistic review of integrated systems and biochar and encourages further improvements through the combination of both methods
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