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Source Anonymity in WSNs against Global Adversary Utilizing Low Transmission Rates with Delay Constraints
No full textWireless sensor networks (WSN) are deployed for many applications such as tracking and monitoring of endangered species, military applications, etc. which require anonymity of the origin, known as Source Location Privacy (SLP). The aim in SLP is to prevent unauthorized observers from tracing the source of a real event by analyzing the traffic in the network. Previous approaches to SLP such as Fortified Anonymous Communication Protocol (FACP) employ transmission of real or fake packets in every time slot, which is inefficient. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed three different techniques presented in this paper. Dummy Uniform Distribution (DUD), Dummy Adaptive Distribution (DAD) and Controlled Dummy Adaptive Distribution (CAD) were developed to overcome the anonymity problem against a global adversary (which has the capability of analyzing and monitoring the entire network). Most of the current techniques try to prevent the adversary from perceiving the location and time of the real event whereas our proposed techniques confuse the adversary about the existence of the real event by introducing low rate fake messages, which subsequently lead to location and time privacy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed techniques provide reasonable delivery ratio, delay, and overhead of a real event's packets while keeping a high level of anonymity. Three different analysis models are conducted to verify the performance of our techniques. A visualization of the simulation data is performed to confirm anonymity. Further, neural network models are developed to ensure that the introduced techniques preserve SLP. Finally, a steganography model based on probability is implemented to prove the anonymity of the techniques.https://doi.org/10.3390/s1607095
A new approach for detecting and monitoring of selective forwarding attack in wireless sensor networks
No full textWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are susceptible to most security attacks. There are some limitations such as reliability, energy efficiency, and scalability, which affect sensor nodes. These limitations mostly affect the security of wireless networks. Also, limited capacity of sensor nodes accounts for the security attacks on WSNs. Applications such as military surveillance, traffic surveillance, healthcare, and environmental monitoring are impacted by security attacks. Hence, researchers have created various types of detection approaches against such attacks. Selective forwarding attack is an example of an attack that is not easily detected particularly in the networks layer. In this type of attack, malicious nodes function in the same way as other nodes in the networks. However, it tries to drops the sensitive information prior to transferring the packet to other sensor node. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for detecting and monitoring selective forwarding attacks in wireless sensor networks. The new approach guaranteed to keep the data transferring between nodes safely
Simultaneous Initiating EPR and Quantum Channel by Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
No full textCryptography is the background of protecting the flowed information between various communicated parties. Quantum cryptography gives the extreme trust to transferred information by creating a unique secret key that is based upon the law of physics. This paper will discuss a novel algorithm that is presented through quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. This QKD protocol depends on parallel quantum communications between participants within EPR and quantum channels. The proposed protocol utilizes the EPR channel to prove the authentication while the quantum channel to transfer the shared key. Moreover, the proposed protocol initiates the verification of the participant’s identity between the communicators by the EPR channel. After that the transferred data into quantum channel will create the secret key that contains a string of qubits as well as no need to communicate into classical channel
Automated Adaptive Mobile Learning System using the Semantic Web
No full textA directed graph represents an accurate picture of course descriptions for online courses through the computer-based implementation of various educational systems. The Learning Path Graph (LPG) represents and describes the structure of domain knowledge, including the learning goals, and all other available learning paths. Here, we propose an adaptive m-learning system architecture and a conceptual framework that uses the Semantic Web to obtain the students’ data from other educational institutions. This process will enable the educational institutions to communicate and exchange students’ data, and then use this information to adjust the students’ profiles and modify their learning paths. The Semantic Web will create a more personalized dynamic course for individual students according to their ability, educational level, and experience
GPS Based Attitude Determination and Verification using a Serial Robotic Arm
No full textIn this work we propose an algorithm for determining the attitude of a rigid body in a three dimensional space. To do this, we use three L1 GPS sensors that receive signals from GNSS satellites. To test and verify our model we use a serial robotic manipulator, by changing the orientation of the manipulator's end effecter at predetermined rates with the rigid body attached along with the GPS sensors we can verify our mathematical model. The data obtained shows that our model works very well. In this paper we discuss both the mathematical model as well as the experimental setup for model testing and verification, and present our results
Design and Development of near space Robotic Monkey
No full textHigh altitude robotics provides an opportunity to explore the “Near space” environment. Our project proposes to create a prototype of a high altitude robotic monkey puppet, which can operate in near space conditions. This project is envisioned around the first animal that USA sent to into space monkey named ALBERT1(Fig 1). This high altitude robotic puppet HAM (High Altitude Monkey), is scheduled to be launched as a payload on a helium balloon. Commanded from a ground station at the University of Bridgeport, HAM can execute a set of predetermined actions, with a live video feedback both from within and outside the payload capsule. This paper outlines and discusses the several technical and logistical design challenges and solutions encountered in the design and development of HAM
Simultaneous Initiating EPR and Quantum Channel by AK15 Protocol
No full textThe Quantum Key Distribution is a technique to create a secret key, which is used to encode and decode the transferred data between sender and receiver. AK15 protocol was presented to stand against some quantum attacks. One of these attacks is Man-In-The-Middle Attack (MIMA), where it takes an advantage of missing the authentication between the communicated parties. The AK15 sets up a confidence connection by submitting an EPR pair before using a quantum channel. The AK15 has ability to utilize a classical channel in limited usage. Also, the data that should be sent by the classical channel is unknown even an eavesdropper compromised it. The reality of robust this technique because the data submitted by the classical channel represents the type of gate that gives the receiver a chance to figure the qubits without extra communications