GUSAU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
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DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INFLOW IN NIGERIA: A FURTHER EXAMINATION
Get PDFThis study examines the factors that determine the inflow of international capital into the Nigeria economy. Foreign capital flow may become volatile and menacing to the domestic economy if a thorough study and further examination of its determining factors are not carried out. Annual time series data covering the period 1986 to 2019 was used in a dynamic frame work which includes the adoption of co-integration and error correction methodology techniques. Findings from the study reveal that external factors like foreign exchange reserve, foreign interest rate and external debt are significant determinants of international capital flows categorized into foreign portfolio investments and foreign direct investments. In the short-run, domestic macro-economic variables like real gross domestic products, external debts, and inflation are significant determinants of these international capital flows on the long run. The study recommends policy measures aimed at directing long-run foreign capital inflows and changing the short-run patterns of flow into the country
IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe main purpose of this study is to discover the impact of government expenditure on agricultural productivity in Nigerian. The methodology employed in this study was based on the time series data covering from 1985-2018 collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The scope of this study spanned from 1985 to 2018, Ordinary least square method of the Keynesian model was used in obtaining the numerical estimates of the coefficients in the model to test the variables most likely to positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria due to Government expenditure. The findings also show that there is a strong relationship between government expenditure and agricultural productivity in Nigerian. From the results obtained, it is clearly seen that adequate funding through provision of credit facilities can significantly increase the productivity and output of the agricultural sector in the economy. Debt financed government expenditure can have hindered growth as it tends to generate inflationary forces in the economy. For government expenditure to exhibit the desired results in the economy, government expenditure needs to be closely monitored. 
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine the best efficient integrated crop-livestock farming system in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaire and interview schedule. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 7 LGAs (Ikara, Kubau, Kudan, Lere, Soba, Sabon-Gari and Zaria) purposively in stage I for prevalence of integrated crop-livestock farming, 28 villages were selected purposively also for the same reason in stage II while at last stage 400 crop-livestock farmers were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression model were used to achieve the objective of this study. Results of the socio-economic characteristics revealed that about 92% of the integrated crop-livestock farmers were found to be male with mean age of 44 years and household size of 7 persons per farmer. Results from the DEA showed that the mean total efficiency, pure efficiency and scale efficiency were found to be 0.74, 0.89 and 0.83, respectively. The DEA results further revealed that farmers can reduce the quantity of farm size, labour, seed, fertilizer, manure and agrochemical inputs by 0.18%, 10.97%, 14.43%, 5.28%, 26.93% and 18.48%, respectively. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 19.9, 30.19 and 65.11% of farmers operated at optimal, sub-optimal and super-optimal scale, respectively. Tobit regression model used to determine factors influencing technical efficiency established that coefficients of age (0.201), household size (0.0204), education level (0.206), farming experience (0.321), extension contact 0.311) and cooperative membership (0.1801) were statistically significant variables at different level of probability. There should be synergy between crop and animal scientists; extension agents and agricultural economists to bring into bearing the needs for farmers to imbibe integrated crop-livestock farming to achieve optimum level of efficiency
DEMAND FOR AQUACULTURE INSURANCE AND BARRIERS’ EFFECTS AMONG FISH FARMERS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Get PDFBoosting aquaculture insurance, as a financial instrument, can assist the sustenance of aquatic food demand in order to cushion fish farmers’ income, and ensure adequate farm property safety in Nigeria. This study examined the barriers affecting aquaculture insurance and its related demand determinants, with empirical evidence drawn from fish farmers in Lagos State. The study employed a survey approach cum multiphase sampling technique. A descriptive statistic and Friedman’s rank test were adopted in the data analysis. This study contributes immensely with the tabular and graphical models that explain the barriers affecting aquaculture insurance and demand determinants for aquaculture insurance in Lagos State, Nigeria. While a major barrier, from the findings, to demand for aquaculture insurance was recorded due to high cost of insurance premium, poor access to the policy, and the likes; low awareness, poor insurance regulation, poor claims settlement and low financial literacy, among fish farmers, were recorded for demand determinants for aquaculture insurance. The study recommended that aquaculture underwriters should enhance and expand their value-chain processes in a bid to bolster fish farmers’ production capacities. However, the government should expand the subsidy net for more fish farmers to have access. With the simplicity of insurance contract design, aquaculture underwriters will gain attraction from farmers, which will, in turn, generate improved premium and their potential profitability. 
THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON INFRASTRUCTURAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (1986-2022)
Get PDFThe paper examined the impact of public expenditure on infrastructural and economic development in Nigeria from 1986-2022). The study was a time series thereby employing Secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin 2022. The data were subjected to unit root diagnostic test to determine whether they are stationarity or otherwise. The data were integrated of order 1(0) and 1(1). Therefore, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was adopted, the Error Correction Model (ECM) technique was also adopted to check for the cointegration. The study reported along run relationship between public expenditure on infrastructural and economic development. The result shows that Public expenditures on health and construction infrastructures negatively affect economic development in Nigeria. While public expenditures on education, transportation and communication, and economic and services infrastructures positively affects economic development in Nigeria. The study concludes that pubic infrastructural expenditures influence economic development in Nigeria and the paper recommend that the financing options for closing Nigeria’s infrastructure gaps should focus on broadening the sources of finance and a better allocation of public resources. In this wise, the government should intensify the utilisation of the public-private-partnership (PPP) framework as government alone cannot finance infrastructural development in an emerging market economy like ours. Therefore, Nigeria needs to be more pragmatic in her infrastructural development, in order to create employment and reduce poverty
ACCESS TO FINANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SMES) PERFORMANCE IN KANO STATE
Get PDFThe poor performance of Nigerian SMEs when compared with other developing countries of the world calls for this study to be investigated. The study investigates effect of access to finance on the performance of small and medium enterprise (SMEs) in Kano State. The sample of 390 out of the population of 21,615 registered SMEs operating in Kano State was obtained using Dilman (2014) sample size formular. The analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with PLS version 3.0. The results show that access to finance has positive and significant effect on SMEs performance in Kano State. The c=study concluded that access to finance can play a vital role in improving the performance of SMEs. Therefore, the study recommends that SMEDAN, CBN, MFIs and NIRSAL should work together by providing adequate financial resources that can assist SMEs to boost their performance. Finally, limitations and suggestion for future research were provided and discussed
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL BUSINESSES ON ACCESS TO GOOD HEALTHCARE SERVICES OF ENTREPRENEURS IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study is titled “Analytical Study of the Impact of Informal Businesses on Access to Good Healthcare Services of Entrepreneurs in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria”. The design of the study is descriptive survey. There was no database for informal businesses in Zaria Local Government Area as at the time of this study. In this regard, 300 participants were purposively selected from the target population. The data for this study was essentially derived from the primary source. Specifically, the study used questionnaire as the source for data.Data of this study was collected from a sample of 300 respondents which was selected from the owners of informal businesses in the study area (Zaria Local Government Areas of Kaduna State). Descriptive statistics and chi-square was also used as the techniques of data analysis. The study found that, Informal businesses in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State have a significant influence on Access to good health care services of entrepreneur. It was concluded that Informal business significantly contributed to access to good health care services of entrepreneurs in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The study therefore, recommends the need for the government to strengthen informal businesses in their operation by supporting the business with more capital to make them formal, so as to expand the scope of their businesses. There is also need for the Kaduna State Government in collaboration with Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Development Agency (SMEDAN) to enlighten informal business owners on the use of modern equipment to enhance their product quality in Zaria Local Government and beyond. This will go a long way to boost their productivity and consequently their ability to improve their access to good health care services
Role of YouTube on Influencing Educated Youth into Farming in Kano State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe immense increase of unemployed youth precisely educated due to the inability of government and private firms to employ them has been a serious issue that is worrying the policymakers. The agricultural sector has been pointed out by the international development agencies as a key sector to employ more youth precisely if supported with modern technologies. However, the engagement of educated youth in the sector is poor due to the inadequate qualified extension personnel who can guide and counsel the new intake youth. The study examines the role played by YouTube in providing the information needed that can guide and teach new intake educated youth participation into farming in Kano state, Nigeria. The study selected 120 educated youth respondents from a stratified sampling method and Binary logit was used in the estimation. The findings indicate that the use of YouTube by educated youth has been found positively significant in influencing their participation in farming. The study suggests the need to include teaching on the process of utilisation of YouTube in the agricultural sector particularly those who are at secondary schools and higher institutions. Also, all local governments should organise free workshops on educating and enlightening youths on accessing agricultural information from YouTube. Also, the inclusion of providing data and computers should be made among subsidizing farm inputs provided to youth farmers
SELF-EFFICACY AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFThis research is a literature review which analyzed the findings of existing empirical studies to draw a conclusion between the relationship between self-Efficacy and motivation and the impact of self-efficacy on employees’ productivity. The study found a positive relationship between self-efficacy and motivation and a positive impact of self-efficacy on productivity of employees. The study concluded that employees with high self-efficacy perform better in organizations and are more creative. The study recommend the need for future researchers to conduct more studies to determine the impact of self-efficacy on employees’ performance in different working environment. This is because employees’ self-efficacy can be influenced by the environment in which they wor
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION: A NECESSARY TOOLS FOR ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISESS IN NIGERIA.
Get PDFEntrepreneurship activities bring about business and production innovation with resultant growth in enterprises and industrial organizations. Entrepreneurship development is also known as a key enabler of economic development; hence it has been contemplated in the strategic plans of various countries. From history, entrepreneurship development in Nigeria is a late starter as the indigenous entrepreneurs were never allowed to develop by the colonial entrepreneurs. The promulgation of the Nigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree of 1972 provide stimulus for entrepreneurship development via small and medium scale enterprises promotion. Private businesses sprung and grow generating employment, income and increase in GDP. For the time being, Nigerian entrepreneurs have ventured into the less-explored areas of telecom, transport, hospitality, food processing, ICT services etc. The Nigerian government has supported entrepreneurial ingenuity through various programs to encourage self employment, income empowerment, social cohesion, technical progress and economic development. Entrepreneurship development still remains the strong policy option for developing Nigeria’s manufacturing and industrial sectors. With increase in government support, exploration of new areas of competitive and natural advantage by entrepreneurs, among others, Nigeria will stand a better chance of increasing her pace of economic development and optimum level of national integration and unity. Secondary method of data collection were employed by the researcher, where by literatures of other authors were reviewed. The findings of this research show that, influential entrepreneurship policies at both macro and micro levels are not generally forward-looking and supportive of entrepreneurship development due to inherent corruption in the system. Nevertheless, some recent government policies like the Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria (YOUWIN) on entrepreneurship promotion in the country deserve commendation. The research recommends the need for entrepreneurship development for job creation and sustainable economic growth and development.