International Journal of Dental Materials
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Evaluating the colour stability of esthetic resin composite: A study of Neospectra ST under different staining conditions
Get PDFBackground: There is a burgeoning interest in the colour permanence of aesthetic restorations, although only a handful of studies have been documented thus far.
Aim: To investigate the impact of various common staining solutions on nanohybrid composite resin..
Materials and methods: Forty disk-shaped specimens (10 X 2 mm) were fabricated with Neo SpectraST composite material. The specimens were divided into four groups with 10 specimens (n=10) in each, based on the staining solutions, Group I: Turmeric, Group II: Coffee, Group III: Coke, and Group IV: Distilled water. Baseline measurements were taken using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Each sample group was immersed in their respective staining solutions, and the colour changes were recorded after 1, 7, and 14 days of immersion using the same spectrophotometer. The absorption values were recorded within the 300 to 800 nm range at baseline and after the immersion. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Neo spectra ST composite showed the maximum staining capacity with the turmeric group compared to other staining solutions. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p=0.000) among the staining solutions at different time intervals. Repeated measures ANOVA displayed significant differences within the staining solutions (Turmeric: p=0.005; Coffee: p=0.001; and Coke: p=0.001) at different time intervals.
Conclusion: The nanohybrid composite resin showed a significant colour change to turmeric compared to other staining solutions
Self-perceived pain levels following irrigation with various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution and gels: A systematic review of randomized clinical studies
Get PDFBackground: Sodium hypochlorite, a prevalent root canal irrigation solution, valued for its antibacterial properties and tissue-dissolving abilities, varies in concentration (0.5% to 8.25%). However, its efficacy across formulations awaits systematic evaluation.Aim: To evaluate self-perceived post-operative pain levels in a 5.25% concentration of NaOCl in gel or solution form.Materials and Methods: An unrestricted search of indexed databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) and a manual search were performed up to April 2023. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared a solution form of 5.25% NaOCl to other solution concentrations, whereas 2 RCTs compared a gel form of 5.25% NaOCl concentration to 5.25% NaOCl solution form. The risk of Bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane tool.Results: A total of 5 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four RCTs used the visual analog scale (VAS), whereas 1 RCT used the numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess post-operative pain. Three RCTs had a moderate Risk of Bias (RoB), whereas 1 had a low and 1 had a high RoB.Conclusion: Based on the current evidence the concentration of NaOCl used during irrigation did not have any effect on the post-operative pain developed regardless of the use of a gel or solution forms. Future randomized studies with standardized protocols are needed to further investigate the efficacy of NaOCl concentration on postoperative pain in endodontic treatment
Veneers in Prosthodontics: A Comprehensive Review on Evolution, Techniques, and Advancements
Get PDFEsthetics in dentistry has become a primary motivation for patients seeking to enhance their smiles, driven by advancements in science and technology. Veneers offer a conservative technique to improve the appearance of teeth, allowing for modifications in shape, size, and colour. Originating from Dr. Charles Pincus\u27s invention in 1928, veneers have significantly evolved, with milestones like Dr. Michael Buonocore\u27s acid etching technique and modern porcelain bonding methods. The design and makeover of a smile encompass facial, dental, and gingival components, ensuring a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing result. Veneers are indicated for various dental issues, including discolouration, enamel cracks, and diastemas, but have contraindications like high caries rate and severe malposition. Recent advances have introduced new materials and techniques, such as lithium disilicate, e.max veneers, and prefabricated composite veneers, enhancing durability and aesthetic outcomes. This review underscores the importance of precise tooth preparation, impression-making, and bonding procedures in achieving successful veneer applications. With continuous innovations, veneers remain a pivotal element in esthetic dentistry, offering patients minimally invasive solutions for a radiant smile
The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the bond strength of resin composite to dentin bonded with universal bonding agent: An in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: Dentin hypersensitivity is a common scenario encountered in dental practice. This issue can be treated by reducing dentin permeability and dentinal fluid flow. However, the desensitizing agents used may adversely affect the bonding of composite restorations to dentin.
Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of restorative composites to dentin treated with silver diamine fluoride and self-etch bonding agent bonded using a universal bonding agent.
Materials and methods: A total of 30 teeth were selected, and their occlusal surfaces were ground to expose a flat dentin surface. The teeth were then embedded in cold cure resin blocks. Depending on the treatment, the samples were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 in each. The samples in the group were untreated, in group 2 were treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), and in group 3 with the sixth generation bonding agent (self-etch primer). After the treatment, the composite is bonded to the dentin surfaces and subjected to shear bond strength using the universal testing machine (UTM). The specimen was mounted on the custom-made jig and placed over the UTM. The load was applied at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min until debonding occurred at the dentin and composite interface, and the bond strength was computed in MPa. Overall comparisons were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for pair-wise comparisons, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The lowest bond strength was observed with the dentin surfaces treated with silver diamine fluoride (Group 2), and the highest bond strength was for dentin treated with self-etch bonding agent (Group 3). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the groups. In pair-wise comparisons, group 3 showed significant difference with group 1 (p=0.007) and group 2 (p=0.002). However, no significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.197).
Conclusion: The shear bond strength varies with different desensitizing treatments. This study reported more SBS with sixth-generation bonding agent followed by untreated dentin and SDF
Marginal chipping factor in machinable zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramic veneer restorations
Get PDFBackground: The marginal edges of the laminate veneer ceramic restorations are very critical areas that play a very determinant role in the success of this type of esthetic restorations.Aim: To evaluate the marginal chipping factor of laminate veneer restorations prepared from both zirconia lithium disilicate materials.Materials and methods: Two typodont teeth representing the upper central incisors were used to prepare laminate veneers with an overlapping incisal design. These veneers were fabricated in two thicknesses (0.5 mm and 0.3 mm) using three types of multilayer zirconia materials with varying yttria percentages (3Y, 5Y, and 3Y/5Y) as well as lithium disilicate computer-aided-design (CAD) blocks. The veneers were divided into four groups based on the yttria percentage and further subdivided into two subgroups for the thickness. Top-view images of the veneer margins were captured and imported into the Image Pro Plus software. The average periphery of each veneer margin was 30 mm. The lengths of the chipped margins were measured under a stereomicroscope, and the CF was calculated.Results: One-way ANOVA suggested significant differences among the ceramics. e.max CAD ceramic veneers exhibited the highest mean CF values (4.72, 5.9), whereas 3Y/5Y zirconia veneers demonstrated the lowest mean CF values (0.74, 1.54) for 0.5 mm and 0.3 mm thicknesses, respectively. Independent t-tests indicated no significant difference in the CF between 0.5 mm and 0.3 mm thicknesses for each ceramic material.Conclusion: Different ceramic materials exhibited varying levels of marginal chipping, with zirconia ceramics demonstrating lower CF than lithium disilicate ceramics. Reducing the veneer thickness from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm did not significantly affect the CF
Corroborating of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 items (PSS-10) and Psychological Features in patients with periodontitis: a questionnaire study
Get PDFBackground: Periodontitis is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease that, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. Stress is considered one of the key contributors that can worsen the condition. Research has shown that psychological factors may activate immune responses in the host, promoting changes that facilitate the progression of periodontitis. Therefore, clinicians need to utilize psychological self-assessment scales to measure anxiety, depression, and stress in patients suffering from periodontitis.
Aim: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) and 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in patients with periodontitis and to evaluate the psychological features of patients with periodontitis.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 300 patients diagnosed with periodontitis, conducted over three months. The participants were given the DASS-21 and PSS-10 questionnaires and completed them independently, responding based on their initial reactions. The DASS-21 comprises 21 items designed to assess levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas the PSS-10 contains 10 items intended to gauge perceived stress levels.
Results: The mean and SD scores of patients using PSS-10 and DASS-21 were 16.79 ± 4.90 and 14.12 ± 5.04, respectively. The T-value was 6.56 with a p-value of 0.000. According to the findings of this study, there was a statistically significant (p=0.000) association between the PSS 10 Scale and the DASS 21 scale.
Conclusion: The DASS-21 and the PSS-10 can be used as general measures for psychological assessment in patients with periodontitis
Biodegradable materials in dentistry: A comprehensive review of current trends
Get PDFThe dental industry has witnessed a paradigm shift towards biodegradable materials, driven by the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Biodegradable materials in dentistry offer a promising alternative to traditional non-degradable materials, providing many benefits for patients, clinicians, and the environment. However, challenges persist, including limited durability and standardized regulations. This review article explores the current state of biodegradable materials in dentistry, including their applications, advantages, and limitations. Further, this article discussed the use of biodegradable materials in dental implants, restoratives, and temporary devices, as well as their potential for tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry. Additionally, the discussion covered the clinical significance, emphasizing the possibility of biodegradable materials transforming dental procedures and reducing their environmental footprint. As the field continues to evolve, biodegradable materials are poised to play a vital role in shaping the future of sustainable dentistry
Effect of preoperative analgesics and cooled Lidocaine with Epinephrine on the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground: Treating mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis poses challenges, as achieving anaesthesia in “hot teeth” is difficult. Epinephrine aids anaesthesia by reducing blood absorption through local vasoconstriction. However, when epinephrine is contraindicated, cooling the anaesthetic may provide effective vasoconstriction in cutaneous arteries and inhibit sensory nerve action potentials, enhancing anaesthetic efficacy.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative analgesics and cooling of 2% lidocaine solution with 1:200,000 Epinephrine on the efficacy of Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) during root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular molars.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 36 subjects diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups, each consisting of 12 patients (n=12). The subjects in Group A (Control) received Vitamin E 400 mg tablets as premedication and Local Anaesthetic injection of 2% Lignocaine at room temperature. The subjects in Group B received Piroxicam 20 mg tablets as premedication and local anaesthetic injection of 2% Lignocaine at Room Temperature. The subjects in Group C received Piroxicam 20 mg tablets as premedication and local anaesthetic injection of 2% Lignocaine at 4° Celsius. The patient’s preoperative pain levels before and after administering the analgesic, before and after the administration of local anaesthesia and intraoperative pain levels were recorded using the Heft-Parker visual analogue scale. Anaesthetic success was again evaluated after re-initiation of the endodontic treatment. The heart rates of the patients were measured using a finger pulse oximeter.
Results: The patients in group C showed the highest mean difference in pain levels followed by group B and A. However, the Group A patients displayed the highest heart rates followed by Groups B and C. One-way ANOVA showed a significant differences in the pain levels (p=0.0002) and heart rates (p=0.0004) among the groups.
Conclusion: This study showed that Piroxicam effectively achieved IANB in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars. Cooling 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine to 4°C significantly reduced post-injection heart rate and enhanced anesthetic success
A Case report on remarkable healing by secondary intention in a hemi-maxillectomy patient rehabilitated with obturator prosthesis
Get PDFThis case report describes a situation in which an impressive recovery through secondary intention occurred in a patient who had a hemi-maxillectomy, and this was followed by comprehensive rehabilitation involving multiple disciplines. The pre-surgical prosthetic planning was done before the surgical excision of the tumour. Phased treatment was executed with a surgical obturator immediately post resection, hollow-bulb interim obturator during the healing phase and cast partial denture definitive obturator after recovery. Rapid healing was achieved by secondary intention, and a drastic reduction in the volume of defects was observed. Follow-up revealed successful patient rehabilitation to lead a good quality of life
Effectiveness of Pro-Arginine Containing Eggshell Toothpaste in Occluding Dentinal Tubules: A Comparative Study
Get PDFBackground: Dentin hypersensitivity, a prevalent condition characterized by acute pain from exposed dentin, can significantly impact quality of life. Treatments often involve occluding dentinal tubules or modulating pain responses. Recent interest in natural products has led to investigating the efficacy of eggshell powder combined with arginine for managing this condition.Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three different toothpaste formulations—Pro-Arginine Containing Eggshell Toothpaste (PA-ESTP), Eggshell Toothpaste (ESTP), and Pro-Argin™-Formulated Toothpaste—in occluding dentinal tubules and alleviating dentin hypersensitivity.Materials and methods: Thirty human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared into dentin discs, etched, and treated with one of the three toothpaste formulations. A standardized brushing protocol was simulated using a powered toothbrush. Dentin tubule occlusion was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess the number of open, partially closed, and completely closed tubules. ANOVA was used to examine differences in tubule occlusion among the three groups.Results: PA-ESTP demonstrated superior performance with 85.51 ± 1.33 completely closed tubules and significantly fewer open tubules than ESTP and Pro-Argin™-Formulated Toothpaste. Statistical analysis confirmed these differences were significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Pro-Arginine Containing Eggshell Toothpaste (PA-ESTP) is more effective in managing dentin hypersensitivity than the other tested formulations. The combination of arginine and eggshell powder enhances tubule occlusion, offering a promising treatment option. Further, clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate long-term efficacy