International Journal of Dental Materials
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Evaluation of stress distribution in an endodontically treated tooth restored with two different post and core systems in a maxillary central incisor: A finite element analysis study
Get PDFBackground: An endodontic post plays a crucial role in stabilizing and supporting a core restoration when insufficient coronal dentin remains after root canal treatment. It is inserted into the prepared root canal, strengthening the restoration and enabling it to endure chewing forces, thereby helping to preserve the tooth structure and overall durability of the restoration.
Aim: To evaluate the biomechanical behaviour and long-term safety of high-performance polymer PEEK as an intra-radicular dental post-core material through comparative finite element analysis (FEA) with other traditional (Nickel-Chromium) post-core material.
Materials and methods: CBCT scanning of a maxillary central incisor and its supporting structures was used to construct a two-3D solid model of endodontically treated teeth for finite element analysis (FEA). PEEK has a lower elastic modulus than root dentin and showed comparably more favourable stress distribution and high failure resistance than conventional post-core material. Two materials, Nickel-Chromium and PEEK, with the same crown design, were simulated to compare traditionally used post-core materials and evaluate their post-core properties. A 3D model of the maxillary central incisor area, including restorative components, was created. The masticatory load of 100 N was simulated at a 5 mm distance from the incisal edge and applied at a 45? angle to the long axis of the tooth.
Results: PEEK and metal post models demonstrated similar patterns and values of maximum equivalent stresses in the overall components of the model, except for the post and crown. In the apex region of the PEEK post-core case, the values of stresses were lower than those of metal posts.
Conclusion: PEEK post-core, with a lower elastic modulus than dentine, exhibited a favourable stress distribution profile at the intraradicular surface, indicating a lower possibility of root fracture than conventional post-core materials
Influence of post design and elastic modulus mismatch between dentin and post-core on stress distribution in endodontically treated teeth: a finite element analysis study
Get PDFBackground: ParaPost Fiber Posts are made to use resin-based cement and core build-up materials to provide an optimal Monoblock between the dentin-post-crown, resulting in one cohesive restoration.
Aim: To evaluate the stress distribution pattern of a Severely damaged maxillary central incisor restored with ParaPost Taper lux, fiber lux and E-max crown using Finite element analysis.
Materials and methods: Two 3-D FEA models of maxillary central incisor were simulated with anatomy-based geometric structures. Different Glass Fiber reinforced composite posts (PTL and PFL) and full coverage restorations (Lithium disilicate) were used. The paracore (dual-cured glass-reinforced composite material) was used for core build-up and cementation of both the Posts and full coronal restorations to create an optimal Monoblock effect.
MODEL 1: Parapost Taper Lux (PTL), Paracore & Lithium disilicate Full coverage restoration. (LidiS).
MODEL 2: Parapost Fiber Lux (PFL), Paracore & Lithium disilicate Full coverage restoration. (LidiS).
A 3D model of the maxillary central incisor area, including restorative components, was created. The normal masticatory load of 100 N were applied at a 5mm distance from the incisal edge, at an angle of 45? in relation to the long axis of the tooth was simulated onto the imported models. Von Mises [Vm] stresses generated at the Post–Core assembly, Coronal & Radicular dentin were numerically recorded, color-coded, and compared.
Results: The maximum stresses were evidenced both at the mid and coronal thirds of the labial aspects of radicular dentin, and the least stresses were observed at the palatal aspect of apical 3rd.
Conclusion: Parallel-sided post (Parapost Fiber Lux) showed the greatest stress distribution on the middle third of the labial radicular dentin
Exploring non-antimicrobial agents as antibiotic alternatives: an in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: Microorganisms cause periapical and pulpal disorders, making root canal treatment (RCT) essential. Due to complex canal anatomy, bacteria may persist despite cleaning. Intracanal medicaments, such as calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine, help eliminate residual bacteria, reduce inflammation, and enhance treatment outcomes by improving disinfection and compatibility.
Aim: To assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), Modified TAP, Sertraline (SSRI), Atorvastatin and the combination of Atorvastatin and Sertraline against Enterococcus faecalis.
Materials and methods: A total of 30 samples were made, with 6 samples from each group: TAP, Sertraline, Atorvastatin, Modified TAP, and Sertraline + Atorvastatin. The antimicrobial efficacy of the medicaments was evaluated using an agar well diffusion test by measuring inhibition zones around the medicaments. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: A significant difference (p=0.001) in the diameter of growth inhibition zones was observed. The maximum inhibitory zone was found in Group 5: Sertraline+Atorvastatin.
Conclusion: The combination of sertraline and atorvastatin demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to modified TAP, TAP, sertraline, and atorvastatin used alone
Improving esthetics after Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) treatment – Need of the Time!
Get PDFBackground: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a non-invasive, low-cost, antibacterial solution that has been introduced to potentially arrest active carious lesions. However, poor aesthetics is the main disadvantage, as it causes black staining on treated teeth.
Aim: This study aimed to compare the ability of two different materials, Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Giomer, to mask the discolouration caused by SDF on extracted deciduous molars.
Materials and methods: Twenty carious primary molars indicated for extraction were selected and allocated to two groups. The samples in Groups 1 and 2 were restored with GIC and giomer, respectively, after SDF application. Colour measurement was done using a Spectrophotometer and compared between the two groups. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. The level of significance was assessed at p-value less than 0.05.
Results: A statistically significant difference (p=0.001) was observed in the colour masking efficacy of Group 1 and Group 2, and the intergroup comparison also revealed statistically significant findings.
Conclusion: This study found that both materials had significant masking abilities and reduced the discolouration caused by SDF application
Radicular cyst of mandibular anterior region: a case report
Get PDFThe radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst affecting the jaws. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the epithelial cell rests of malassez, usually following pulpal necrosis. Chronic irritation like trauma, microbial infections or chemical injury can predispose radicular cysts. Radicular cysts, also known as Periapical cysts, found at the apices of the nonvital teeth are classified under the cysts of inflammatory origin as the inflammatory products initiate the growth of the epithelial component. This case report presents a radicular cyst involving the mandible in a 25-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology with pain in the lower front tooth region. The etiopathogenesis, clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings, along with the differential diagnoses and treatment modalities, were discussed in this case report
Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release from Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with Different Concentrations of Chitosan: An in vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Restorative materials releasing fluoride are essential for caries prevention. Among the restoratives, glass ionomer cement (GIC) has a remarkable fluoride-releasing ability.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of three different concentrations of Chitosan-modified GIC on its fluoride-releasing properties.
Materials and methods: Thirty-two disk-shaped pellets having dimensions of 10 x 2 mm were made with Restorative GIC (RX Ease, Shofu, Japan) using silicone molds. Specimens were divided into four groups based on the chitosan concentration in GIC liquid, with eight (n=8) in each. Group 1: Control (Unmodified), Group 2: 10 % Chitosan, Group 3: 20 % Chitosan, and Group 4: 30 % Chitosan. The specimens of each group were immersed in deionized water at various time intervals. Electrodes selective for fluoride ions were employed to analyze the amount of fluoride release at 1, 7, and 14 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post hoc Tukey’s tests were performed for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Significance levels were set at p less than 0.05.
Results: Unmodified GICs exhibited higher fluoride release compared to chitosan-modified GICs at all time points. All samples initially released a high amount of fluoride, which decreased over time.
Conclusion: The addition of chitosan to GIC decreased its fluoride-releasing ability. Unmodified GIC showed better fluoride release than chitosan-modified GICs
Efficacy of smear layer removal at apical third of root canal by different irrigation regimens using XP-endo Shaper: an in vitro SEM study
Get PDFBackground: Effective root canal therapy relies heavily on irrigation, as it is the sole method capable of reaching the internal anatomy of the root canal that remains inaccessible with mechanical instrumentation.Aim: To compare the efficacy of different irrigation regimes on smear layer removal with XP-endo Shaper at the apical third of the root canal in lower premolars under a scanning electron microscope.Materials and methods: Forty-four human single-rooted lower premolars were collected and decoronated to a standard length. Teeth were categorized into four groups based on the irrigation regimes: distilled water (DW Group), 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (SE Group), super-oxidised water and 17% EDTA (SPO Group), TWIN KLEEN solution (TK Group). Scanning electron microscopic evaluation was done at 3 mm from the apex to analyse the remaining amount of smear layer. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were employed in this study.Results: On comparing the ability of four different irrigation regimes to remove the smear layer, the SPO and SE Groups showed significantly higher smear layer removal (p<0.05) in the apical third of the root canal system than the TK and DW Groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of sodium hypochlorite or super-oxidised water throughout and post-instrumentation followed by chelator (EDTA) was found to be more efficient compared to a combination of NaOCl and HEBP solution in smear layer removal in the apical third instrumented with XP-endo Shaper
Evaluation of pushout bond strength of surface-treated glass fiber posts using universal adhesives with and without Silanization: an in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: Endodontically treated teeth that lack coronal tooth structure may require the placement of a post to provide adequate retention of a core foundation followed by a crown. Glass fiber posts have become one of the most popular because of the similar modulus of elasticity to dentin.
Aim: To evaluate the push-out bond strength of surface-treated glass fiber posts to intraradicular dentin using universal adhesives with and without silanization.
Materials and methods: Thirty single-rooted teeth were prepared up to the working length in a step-back technique and obturated. Post space was prepared to the length of 10 mm. Based on silanization specimens were divided into two groups of 15 each. Clearfil Tri-S bond universal was used as a bonding agent. The two groups including, Group 1 (without Silanization) (CTSBU): post-treatment - only 9%HF, and Group 2 (With Silanization) (CTSBU+S): post-treatment - 9%HF followed by silane. RelyxU200 was used to lute the posts, and the samples were divided into three parts (cervical, middle, and apical) and subjected to push-out bond strength analysis. Overall comparisons were done by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and pairwise comparisons were done by student t-test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all tests.
Results: In all the root regions, group 2 (CTSBU+S) showed the highest pushout bond strength with statistical significance (p<0.05) when compared to other groups. In all the groups, the cervical region showed the highest bond strength when compared to the middle and apical regions which were significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Silanization of the glass fiber posts showed to improve the bond strength and the cervical region has better bond strength among the three regions of the post
Exploring the Potential of PEEK in Prosthetic Dentistry: A Contemporary Perspective
Get PDFThere has been ongoing research to find ideal restorative materials for replacing lost dentofacial structures. Advances in dental materials have provided dentistry with more promising options. Oral conditions require a material with good mechanical, biological and aesthetic properties. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is currently one of the viable materials approved by science for restoring lost orofacial tissues. PEEK is a polycyclic, aromatic, thermoplastic polymer with a semi-crystalline and linear structure. It has good mechanical and electrical properties, including resistance to high temperatures and hydrolysis. Its high biocompatibility has led to increased use in orthopaedic and trauma cases. PEEK is a respected dental material and is increasingly replacing metal components in various applications. The polymer has been used in medical devices for decades and offers an impressive range of properties suitable for medical use. Due to its excellent properties, PEEK has several applications in dentistry, including implants, removable and fixed partial dentures, and orthodontic wires. This article explores the potential applications of PEEK in Prosthodontics
Effectiveness of Potassium Oxalate mouthrinse in treating dentinal hypersensitivity
Get PDFBackground: Dentinal hypersensitivity is a prevalent oral condition characterised by a short, sharp pain in response to chemical, thermal, tactile, or osmotic stimuli. It can be treated with the in-office application of potassium oxalate (KO). This study assesses KO mouthrinse for home use.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of Vantej® mouthrinse, containing potassium oxalate (KO), in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity when used in combination with regular brushing for three months.
Materials and methods: In this double-blind, parallel group-controlled study, participants with dentinal hypersensitivity were randomly assigned to Group 1, which used the KO mouthrinse, and Group 2, which used a placebo. The participants used their assigned mouthrinses for three months. The success of each participant was measured using the mean cold air stimulus response (VAS) and Schiff sensitivity score.
Results: A significant decrease (p=0.00) in hypersensitivity in patients treated with potassium oxalate mouthrinse was observed.
Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing 1.4% potassium oxalate consistently demonstrated effectiveness in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity after three months of use