International Journal of Dental Materials
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Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Oesophageal Strictures: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFOesophageal strictures are classified as benign or malignant based on etiology, clinical presentation, and pathological characteristics. Benign strictures often result from chronic inflammatory conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), caustic ingestion, radiation therapy, or post-surgical complications. They are typically managed with endoscopic dilation, stent placement, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In contrast, malignant strictures, primarily caused by oesophageal carcinoma, are characterized by rapid progression, weight loss, and systemic symptoms. Diagnostic tools, such as histopathological examination, barium swallow, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and PET-CT scans, are essential for differentiating between benign and malignant strictures. Timely recognition of malignancy is crucial for appropriate oncologic intervention. This review explores the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features that distinguish benign from malignant oesophageal strictures, along with the corresponding diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies
Use of Artificial Intelligence for Caries Detection on Dental Radiographs
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries, being among the most frequent oral issues, calls for careful attention. Early checks help. Without them, things can slowly get worse, sometimes before anyone even notices. Standard ways of evaluating these cases still depend heavily on clinical skill, which isn’t always consistent. Mistakes in reading the signs aren’t rare. Now, with advancements in Artificial Intelligence, the field is shifting. It’s not just about detection anymore. AI enters the scene with promise bringing shifts in how diagnosis happens, care is planned, and cases are followed. Even the utilization of the time gets changed in clinics.
Aim: To spot interproximal caries in periapical x-rays using artificial intelligence (AI). Also, to compare the efficacy of AI findings against the readings done by radiologists.
Materials and Methods: A dataset of 400 periapical images was selected, representing 900 posterior teeth with suspected interproximal caries. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained using labelled periapical images for caries detection.
Results: The statistical analysis confirmed that the AI-model achieves statistically significant and clinically excellent performance in interproximal caries detection (McNemar’s test (χ² = 4.447, p-value=0.035)), and with near-perfect Cohen’s Kappa = 0.916. Model accuracy stood at 95.8%, with statistical comparison to radiologists showing no significant difference (p=0.089) and particularly notable results in advanced caries cases. The accuracy of the AI model was 95.8 percent and matched with the radiologists’ findings, with a p-value of 0.089. The results were especially strong in dealing with advanced caries cases. The AUC curve reached 0.957, and with a sensitivity of 97.4 percent.
Conclusion: AI showed solid accuracy and dependable results in finding dental caries on periapical images. Its performance closely reflected as that of experienced dental professionals’
Effect of 10-MDP-containing versus non-MDP Adhesives on delayed shear bond strength to enamel and dentine
Get PDFBackground: Effective bonding between restorative materials and dental substrates is critical for the longevity of composite restorations. Adhesives containing 10-MDP have demonstrated superior chemical bonding and durability compared to traditional self-etch systems.
Aim: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of an MDP-containing adhesive (Renew MDP) with two seventh-generation self-etch adhesives—Prime Restorite Bond 7 and Beauti Bond (Shofu).
Materials and methods: Thirty extracted human molars were sectioned to expose flat enamel and dentin surfaces. Samples were randomly divided into three groups with 10 (n=10) for each adhesive. Composite resin cylinders were bonded to the prepared surfaces following the manufacturer’s instructions. Shear Bond Strength was performed after 90 days using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05).
Results: Renew MDP showed significantly higher shear bond strength values to both enamel and dentin after 90 days compared to Prime Restorite Bond 7 and Beauti Bond (p < 0.05). Among the self-etch adhesives, Beauti Bond performed better than Prime Restorite Bond 7 but was still inferior to Renew MDP.
Conclusion: The MDP-containing adhesive (Renew MDP) exhibited superior shear bond strength, suggesting improved clinical performance compared to conventional seventh-generation adhesives
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in Oral Rehabilitation of Sarcopenic Patients: A Muscle-Preserving Prosthodontic Approach
Get PDFSarcopenia, a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, has profound implications for oral health, reducing masticatory strength, adaptation to prostheses, and nutritional intake. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance polymer with favourable biomechanical, biocompatible, and digital-workflow properties. Although PEEK is increasingly used in prosthodontics, its role in preserving or enhancing orofacial muscle function in sarcopenic patients has not been systematically explored. This manuscript reviews the advantages of PEEK over traditional materials, analyses its biomechanical relevance to sarcopenia, and proposes a clinical rationale for adopting PEEK as a therapeutic material in this context. The discussion evaluates current evidence of PEEK’s application in dentures, frameworks, and implant prostheses, noting its potential to reduce muscular load, cushion occlusal forces, and improve patient comfort. Finally, this manuscript calls for targeted clinical trials focusing on sarcopenic populations to validate PEEK’s long-term efficacy in mitigating oral frailty and promoting healthy aging
Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride and 3M ESPE ClinproTM Tooth Crème Against Streptococcus mutans: A Comparative in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: Remineralizing agents such as Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème have gained attention for their potential antimicrobial and enamel-strengthening properties. While fluoride-based therapies are widely used, there is limited comparative data on the antimicrobial efficacy of these agents.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effects of remineralizing agents in inhibiting S. mutans growth.
Materials and methods: This in vitro study was conducted following ethical approval. The study involved 56 samples divided into four groups: Group I (SDF), Group II (3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème), Group III (2% Chlorhexidine - Positive Control), and Group IV (Distilled Water - Negative Control). The antimicrobial efficacy of each agent was evaluated using the Agar well diffusion method, with the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) measured in millimetres. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of differences between the groups.
Results: The results demonstrated that SDF exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, with a significantly larger zone of inhibition compared to 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that SDF is more effective in bacterial inhibition compared to 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème. The dual action of remineralization and antimicrobial activity highlights SDF as a promising agent for caries prevention and management. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these results in clinical settings
Effect of Silane Application and Heat Treatment on the Bond Strength of Translucent Zirconia to Glass-Reinforced Core Composite Using Universal Resin Cement: An in vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Zirconia crowns are gaining popularity due to their excellent optical properties, minimal preparation requirements, high strength, and biocompatibility. Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) are now widely used as alternatives to PFM crowns, implant abutments, and implants. However, achieving reliable bonding remains a significant challenge.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of silane application, with and without subsequent heat treatment, on the shear bond strength of translucent zirconia to glass-reinforced core composite using universal resin cement.
Materials and Methods: Thirty translucent zirconia blocks (12 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm) were CAD/CAM milled and fully sintered from UPCERA ST zirconia blanks. The specimens were divided into three groups based on surface pretreatment: non-surface treated group (NSTG), silanized group (SG), and silanized with subsequent heat-treated group (SHTG). Thirty composite resin cylinders (2 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) were fabricated using polyethylene tubes and light-cured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A universal resin cement was used to lute the composite cylinders to the zirconia blocks, followed by light curing as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. Each specimen was then embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin using polyethylene molds. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test applied for overall comparisons and the Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise group comparisons. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Shear bond strength was significantly influenced by silanization & heat treatment. Group 3 (SHTG) had the highest shear bond strength (4.13 ± 0.91MPa), followed by Group 2 (SG). Group 1 (NSTG) showed the least bond strength.
Conclusion: Silane application at a 1% concentration significantly enhanced the bond strength between composite resin and zirconia. Subsequent heat treatment of the silanized zirconia surfaces resulted in an additional increase in bond strength
Computer aided-dynamic navigation technology for efficient single visit endodontic treatment of pulp canal obliteration: A case report
Get PDFDental trauma causes a variety of issues and perplexes practitioners. One of the consequences of trauma is pulp canal obliteration (PCO), which presents a challenge in treatment due to the high likelihood of procedural errors and complications. To overcome these challenges, Guided endodontics was introduced using personalised 3D guides by overlaying DICOM and STL files (Static navigation) or real-time navigation (Dynamic navigation) of the patient. A dynamic navigation system (DNS) is a computer‑aided navigation technology analogous to the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. Dynamic navigation provides real-time, precise guidance using 3D imaging, helping practitioners accurately navigate and treat calcified canals by visualising and accessing challenging areas without damaging tooth structure. The current case report describes the management of pulp canal obliteration using the dynamic navigation system in a single visit. A 30-year-old female complained of pain in the upper front teeth region for the past two months, with a history of trauma 10 years ago. The clinical examination revealed no caries, cracks, or discolouration. Tooth 12 was sensitive to percussion. Pulp sensibility tests were negative. On radiographic examination, the pulp canal was partially obliterated until the middle third. Tooth 12 was diagnosed as necrotic pulp with symptomatic apical periodontitis. After reviewing options, the case was root canal treated using a dynamic navigation system. A successful negotiation of the canal was done followed by completion of root canal treatment. The patient was asymptomatic with intact periapical structures at the 1-year follow-up period. Computer-aided dynamic navigation proved to be safe, fast, and predictable for negotiating calcified canals with minimal risk of errors in a single visit
Evaluating the anti-plaque efficacy of Cymenol mouthwash: A randomized control study
Get PDFBackground: Essential Oils (EOs) show strong potential in managing plaque and gingivitis, offering an effective and well-tolerated alternative to chlorohexidine (CHX). Formulations like Listerine, which contain thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, and methyl salicylate, have demonstrated notable plaque-reducing and anti-gingivitis effects with comparatively lower cytotoxicity than CHX. Among Eos, Cymenol (o-cymen-5-ol), a phenolic derivative of isopropyl cresol, exhibits antimicrobial activity primarily by disrupting bacterial cell walls and increasing membrane permeability.
Aim: To assess the antiplaque efficacy of a new mouthwash (GingiLacer) containing Cymenol and Zinc chloride as active ingredients.
Materials and methods: Thirty participants were enrolled in the study, and their baseline plaque and gingival index scores were documented following the application of an alpha two-tone solution on the teeth. All the subjects were allotted into 2 groups: 15 in Group A, which received Cymenol mouthwash and 15 in Group B, which received Listerine mouthwash after undergoing scaling. Participants were instructed to avoid any additional oral hygiene practices. On days 0 and 14, the alpha two-tone solution was applied to the teeth to highlight plaque, after which plaque and gingival indices were recorded. All the values were tabulated, and the data were evaluated using an independent t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA.
Results: On the last day of study, the area of visible plaque was significantly lower in the Cymenol Group in comparison with Listerine; the Cymenol mouthwash was found to have reduced the area of visible plaque.
Conclusion: The use of Cymenol mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent is a valuable alternative to classical anti-plaque agents
Choosing crown material to avert metallic artefact in MRI scans: A case report
Get PDFMagnetic resonance imaging creates metallic artefacts. An artefact may be defined as a distortion of signal intensity that does not have any anatomic basis in the plane being imaged. The main concerns that may arise during the MRI of a patient with a dental prosthesis include artefact creation, heat production, and/or risk of displacement. Dental materials can be classified based on their magnetic permeability properties as Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic. This article will throw a light on choosing an appropriate material for the anterior crown, which will have the least magnetic susceptibility on MRI scans
Evaluation of Mechanical and Biological Properties of Heat-Cured Denture Base Fabricated with Recycled PMMA Powder
Get PDFBackground: Heat-cure polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in dentistry as a denture base material and for training students in fabricating acrylic-based dental appliances. These appliances are typically discarded after training, leading to significant acrylic waste.
Aim: To recycle discarded denture base materials to produce recycled PMMA powder for use in denture base fabrication.
Materials and Methods: The recycled PMMA (rPMMA) powder was produced by grinding the used denture base into the desired particle and later incorporated in different concentrations, 20% and 50%, into the commercial PMMA for denture base fabrication. The mechanical and biological properties of the PMMA modified with rPMMA were investigated. The unmodified denture base fabricated with 100% commercial PMMA powder served as a control group.
Results: The incorporation of 50% rPMMA powder into the PMMA denture base showed slightly more flexural strength (125.80 ± 17.53 MPa) compared to the 20% modified and the control groups. No significant change in the hardness was observed among the groups. Less colony-forming units were observed in the 20% rPMMA modified group (186.33) compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: Denture base materials modified with recycled PMMA (rPMMA) exhibited acceptable mechanical properties and a reduced colony-forming unit (CFU) count compared to unmodified materials