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Rapid Bispecific Antibodies Based Homogeneous Immunoassay for Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Get PDFDevelopment of rapid and economical method for detection of prostate- specific antigen (PSA) in human blood.
Methods: The usual procedure for the detection of prostate cancer markers in human is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in blood (normal level ≤ 4 ng/mL) using heterogeneous immunoassay enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, a rapid homogeneous immunoassay for the detection of PSA in serum, based on bispecific antibodies, is more convenient due to its speed, accuracy and obviating the need of multiple washing steps. The assay using bispecific antibody P57 (against PSA and peroxidase) and monospecific antibody B87 (against PSA) conjugated with glucose oxidase was developed in the presence of excess catalase. Similarly, in solid phase homogeneous immunoassay the monospecific antibody B87 (against PSA) and glucose oxidase were immobilized onto a solid support (plastic) and other reagents, bio-chemicals, and bispecific antibody P57 were taken in homogeneous solution. All variables, viz., glucose oxidase, peroxidase and catalase were optimized at different PSA concentrations.
Results: Homogeneous immunoassay (HIA) showed linearity of PSA detection 1-10 ng/mL whereas, solid phase homogeneous immunoassay (SPHIA) showed in the range of 1-50 ng/mL suggesting SPHIA has a broader operating range, thus much better than HIA. Detection of PSA in a homogeneous solution can be completed in 90 minutes without involving any washing and incubation steps.
Conclusions: Homogeneous assay is a rapid, economical method that eliminates all washing and incubation steps of conventional ELISA
FinTech Innovation: Review and Future Research Directions
Get PDFThis paper aims to survey the most recent theoretical and empirical literature on FinTech innovations in the financial sector. The purpose of this review is to investigate how FinTech Innovations are altering and reshaping the universe of financial service providers, and challenging traditional business models and infrastructures. This study summarizes the opportunities and challenges of FinTech Innovations and the implications to the legacy incumbent financial services companies. FinTech innovation fusions technological capabilities potentially provide innovative financial products and services to foster financial inclusion, streamline processes, and lower costs to clients. FinTech can bring greater competition and diversity in financial services. Further, this research interprets the findings from the lens of institutional theory to advance the theoretical understanding of social changes facilitated by FinTech innovations in revolutionary areas in banking (lending, payment), security trading (real-time settlement, automated investment), and insurance (personalized experience). The investigation points out the regulatory concerns highlighted in the scholarly works, suggesting collaboration is critical to enable multi-stakeholders to anticipate and foster pro-innovative, transparent regulations to deliver meaningful benefits to innovation and financial inclusion. Lastly, this review identifies future research areas to further enrich knowledge to create a future-proof, more efficient, and resilient financial ecosystem to enhance financial stability in the digital era
Anomaly of the biliopancreatic junction with associated hepatic duct anomaly – a rare case report
Get PDFPancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) or anomaly is defined as an anatomical maljunction of the biliary duct and pancreatic duct outside of the duodenal wall beyond the influence of the sphincter of Oddi. Children with this anomaly can present with choledochal cyst with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis, and condition can be worse when not treated appropriately. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction or anomaly is considered to be a major risk factor for biliary tract cancer. In patients with this anomaly, free reflux of pancreatic juice into biliary tract may cause biliary tract damage, resulting biliary malignancy can occur. Therefore, in this condition total excision of the extrahepatic bile duct with hepaticojejunostomy is recommended. Early diagnosis of this condition and early surgical treatment is the mainstay to prevent further complications. Proper follow-up is necessary to detect biliary tract malignancy in early post-operative period, especially in patients demonstrating post-operative complications. Here we are describing a young boy with an abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction (PBM) with choledochal cyst associated with hepatic duct anomaly and biliary and pancreatic stones causing recurrent attack of acute pancreatitis
Polythelia associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in young male: A case report
Get PDFPolythelia is a congenital anomaly in which there is a third or more nipples. Although it is a relatively rare condition, it is frequently associated with other congenital malformations including the cardiovascular, urogenital, and skeletal systems. It may occur sporadically or with a familial tendency with some genetic factors. We report an association of polythelia with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) in a young male. The patient was complaining of delayed puberty. He was short in stature and had hypogonadism. On physical examination, a third nipple was found below the normal left nipple along the left mammary line. The case was carefully evaluated to exclude other disorders. It has been suggested that every newborn can be checked for the presence of accessory nipples which could indicate another internal problem in its body.
We report the association of accessory nipple and right-sided hydronephrosis in a female term newborn
dsRNA Virus Model Molecule and the Mechanism of PRRs and its Research Progress in Female Reproductive Tract Infections
Get PDFFemale animal genital tract opening on the body surface, prone to bacterial, viral, parasitic, and other pathogenic microorganism infections, leading to genital tract infectious diseases, such as endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis, etc. Severe infection can lead to infertility, abortion, and even fetal death. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important model molecule, which is widely present in the genome of viruses and generated in the process of virus replication. In mammals, dsRNA is considered to be an innate immune response signal for viral infection, which binds to the corresponding pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) In vivo and then exerts biological functions. This review summarizes the signal transduction pathway induced by the binding of dsRNA model molecules to PRRs, research status of female genital tract infections and research progress of dsRNA in simulating viral infection in the female genital tract
Key lesion localization and pre-surgical planning using magnetoencephalography in patients with medically refractory epilepsy: three case reports.
Get PDFEpilepsy is a common and debilitating disease affecting up to 50 million people worldwide. Nearly 30% of patients with epilepsy have disease refractory to treatment with medication alone. Even in medically refractory disease, neurosurgical resection can be curative when the epileptic focus is correctly identified. Several non-invasive techniques are available for epileptic focus localization and pre-surgical planning. These include electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG).Each of these techniques provides complementary information for precise lesion localization and targeted neurosurgical approach to minimize damage to important adjacent structures. We present three cases of medically refractory epilepsy. The cases show how the combination of EEG, MRI, and MEG allows for lesion localization and safe surgical planning in a variety of cases. They include epilepsy related to cortical dysplasia, grey matter heterotopia, and tumor recurrence. We emphasize the role of MEG and demonstrate how it can provide critical additional information which is not captured by conventional EEG and MRI alone
Lightweight Model for the Prediction of COVID-19 Through the Detection and Segmentation of Lesions in Chest CT Scans
Get PDFWe introduce a lightweight model that segments areas with the Ground Glass Opacity and Consolidation and predicts COVID-19 from chest CT scans. The model uses truncated ResNet18 and ResNet34 as a backbone net, and Mask R-CNN functionality for lesion segmentation. Without any class balancing and data manipulations, and using only a small fraction of the training data, COVID-CT-Mask-Net classification model with 6.12M total and 600K trainable parameters, achieves 91.35% COVID-19 sensitivity, 91.63% Common Pneumonia sensitivity, 96.98% true negative rate and 93.95% overall accuracy on COVIDx-CT dataset (21191 images). The full source code, models and pre-trained weights are available on https://github.com/AlexTS1980/COVID-CT-Mask-Net
Current State of Developed COVID-19 Vaccines; Light at the End of the Tunnel
Get PDFCOVID-19 pandemic has posed a dire threat to global health. Safe and effective vaccination can play an important role in preventing the transmission of the virus, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2). The right choice of vaccine type, carrier, or vector as well as the dosage of vaccine can have a direct impact on the resulting effectiveness against the illness, COVID-19. Therefore, there is tremendous pressure on researchers to develop safe and effective vaccines against the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the resultant illness. In addition, this pandemic is an alarm to the world that we have to prepare ourselves for various consequences of SARS-CoV-2 or another unpredictable pandemic in the future. This review described leading vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2; Comirnaty, mRNA-1273, Sputnik V, Ad26.COV2.S, Vaxzevria, NVX-CoV2373, BBIBP-CorV, CoronaVac, Convidecia, and BBV152
MACROMICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL AND AGED VARIABILITY OF THE GLANDS OF THE VAGINAL VESTIBULE
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to obtain data on the aged and individual characteristics of the glands of the vaginal vestibule in women under conditions of a relative norm.
Material and research methods. By the macromicroscopic way, the small glands of the vaginal vestibule wall were investigated in 163 women of different ages who died or died from accidental causes, without pathology of the urogenital system. The area of the vestibule was dissected from the corpse by the preparation method. Next, the glands on the total preparation were stained in a 0.5% solution of acetic acid with a 0.05% solution of methylene blue in tap water [7] and fixed in a saturated solution of picric acid (molybdenum acid) ammonium. Using a MBS-9 binocular stereomicroscope (magnification. 8-64x), the total number of small glands, the length and width of their initial parts, the diameter of their common excretory duct (using an ocular ruler), and the percentage of glands with different numbers of initial parts were determined.
The results of the study. We found that in newborns the glandular apparatus of the vaginal vestibule is structurally formed. The maximum number and size of small glands of the vaginal vestibule are determined in the 1st period of adulthood. At the macromicroscopic level, involution of the glands is manifested by a decrease in their total number and size. The expansion of the excretory ducts of the glands occurs sequentially throughout postnatal ontogenesis. In long-livers in comparison with senile age, there is almost no further decrease in the number and size of glands of the vaginal vestibule
Why Chronic Renal Failure Affects Males More often than Females? Review and Author’s Perspective
Get PDFRenal failure is an increasing problem representing a great health challenge. It affects males more than females and blacks more than whites. Despite the anatomical gender differences in urethra might match with occurrence of urinary infection in women more than in men, it has been stated that the reverse is the true. Renal infection and even failure are more encountered in men. The reason for such gender discrepancies regarding renal failure is not yet clearly understood. In this short article, we aimed to suggest a probable answer for the following confusing question: Why does chronic renal failure affect males more often than females?