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Duplicated Palmaris Longus Muscle With Insertion Onto The Transverse Carpal Ligament: A Case Report
Get PDFThe palmaris longus muscle is one of the most anatomically variable muscles in the human body, with incidence ranging from 0-63.9%. While these anatomical variations are typically benign, they are of clinical importance as they can contribute to neurovascular and biomechanical dysfunction. We report here a duplicated palmaris longus muscle with an insertion onto the transverse carpal ligament found during cadaveric dissection in a graduate anatomy course for physical and occupational therapy students. 
Effects of Preferred and Non-preferred Concurrent Activities during Self-Control Training in a School for Autism
Get PDFObjectives. Self-control training is comprised of a progressively lengthened delay to reinforcement, during which the individual can engage in some activity until the temporally distant reinforcer is provided. Though availability of an activity concurrent to the delay has been shown to increase self-control, little is known about relative effects of differing qualities of activities. The purpose of the study was to examine differential effects of preferred and non-preferred activities during delays in self-control training.
Methods. Using a multiple baseline design, three students with autism consistently demonstrated impulsive choices and low engagement in tasks. During self-control training, participants chose between a smaller, immediate reinforcer and a larger reinforcer following a short delay with an alternating preferred and non-preferred response requirement. After success was observed in either preferred or non-preferred conditions, the delay associated with that condition was progressively lengthened. Last, participants chose which activity was available during the delay, and choices were monitored as delays associated with chosen conditions were extended.
Results. During training, two participants demonstrated near exclusive self-control choices. All three increased delay tolerance at similar rates regardless of activity preference, and more frequently chose the progressive/preferred alternative than the progressive/non-preferred alternative though delay requirements were greater.
Conclusions. Self-control can be established by starting with minimal delays to reinforcement and progressively extending the delay after success is observed, regardless of whether a work- or preferred-activity is available during the delay. However, providing an option for a preferred activity may help to “bridge the gap” to more temporally distant reinforcers
Abnormality Detection in ECG Signal applying Poincare and Entropy-based Approaches
Get PDFDetection of abnormality in heart is of major importance for early and appropriate clinical medication. In this work, we have proposed two models for detection of abnormality in ECG signals. The normal ECG signals are closely repetitive in nature to a large extent, whereas ECG signals with abnormalities tend to differ from cycle to cycle. Hence, repetitive plot like the Poincare is efficient to detect such non-repetitiveness of the signal; thereby, indicating abnormalities. Hence, we have used Poincare plot to develop the two proposed models. One of the models uses direct analysis of the binary image of the plot to detect the difference in retracing, between the healthy and unhealthy samples. The other model uses entropy of the Poincare plot to detect the difference in randomness of plots between the two classes. Most importantly, we have used only lead II ECG signal for analysis. This ensures ease of computation as it uses signal of only a single lead instead of the 12 leads of the complete ECG signal. We have validated the proposed models using ECG signals from the ‘ptb database’. We have observed that the entropy analysis of the Poincare plots gives the best results with 90% accuracy of abnormality detection. This high accuracy of classification, combined with less computational burden enables its practical implementation for the development of a real life abnormality detection schem
COVID-19 and Neurological Complications
Get PDFCoronavirus (covid-19) infection is an acute respiratory syndrome disease that started in 2019 and spread rapidly by undergoing continuous mutation. Thanks to this infection disease, which continues to show its effect all over the world, the structure of viruses has been discussed in more detail by virologists. Viruses are biological entities that can multiply within the living cell (host cell). While research on viruses continues, the modeling of covid-19 infection has begun. Thus, disorders such as encephalitis, Guillain Barre syndrome, which are neurological complications that occur as a result of acute respiratory syndrome, have been tried to be explained by the Renin angiotensin aldosterone system. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and the maintenance of extracellular fluid volume. In the RAAS system, ACE2 enzyme expression, which has an important role in the cell by taking on the task of exchanging substances from the outside to the inside, has been associated with COVID-19 severity and progression
DNA Linear Block Codes: Generation, Error-Detection, and Error-Correction of DNA Codeword
Get PDFIn modern age, the increasing complexity of computation and communication technology is leading us towards the necessity of new paradigm. As a result, unconventional approach like DNA coding theory is gaining considerable attention. The storage capacity, information processing and transmission properties of DNA molecules stimulate the notion of DNA coding theory as well as DNA cryptography. In this paper we generate DNA codeword using DNA (n, k) linear block codes which ensures the secure transmission of information. In the proposed code design strategy DNA-based XOR operation (DNAX) is applied for effective construction of DNA codewords which are quadruples generated over the set of alphabets, . By worked out examples we explain the use of generator matrix and parity check matrix in encryption and decryption of coded data in the form of short single stranded DNA sequences. The newly developed technique is capable of detecting as well as correcting error in transmission of DNA codewords from sender to the intended receiver
A look at early human embryonic development and the importance of darkness for embryogenesis
Get PDFHuman development is a highly complex process where a single cell called zygote forms a multicellular body made up of trillions of cells. Human pregnancy takes about 10 lunar months or 40 weeks. Prenatal life is divided into three stages namely germinal, embryonic and fetal stages. All stages are critical, but the most important is the embryonic stage through which embryogenesis occurs. It normally occurs in the upper segment of the uterus into its endometrium, called decidua after occurrence of conception. Many factors can affect embryogenesis including the mother's use of medications and even the mother's psychological state. Of these factors, light may be. The embryo is surrounded by three regions of darkness These areas from the inside out are the amniotic cavity, the uterine cavity, and the abdominal cavity. Light could affect embryonic development either by direct toxic effect on the embryo, or indirectly by photo-oxidation of components in media. Therefore, it is necessary to study them in future studies to investigate the potentially harmful effect of light exposure on embryonic development. This may be useful to avoid potential obstacles to the IVF process as embryos can be exposed to light sources of varying intensity
Natural Language Processing – Finding the Missing Link for Oncologic Data, 2022
Get PDFOncology like most medical specialties, is undergoing a data revolution at the center of which lie vast and growing amounts of clinical data in unstructured, semi-structured and structed formats. Artificial intelligence approaches are widely employed in research endeavors in an attempt to harness electronic medical records data to advance patient outcomes. The use of clinical oncologic data, although collected on large scale, particularly with the increased implementation of electronic medical records, remains limited due to missing, incorrect or manually entered data in registries and the lack of resource allocation to data curation in real world settings. Natural Language Processing (NLP) may provide an avenue to extract data from electronic medical records and as a result has grown considerably in medicine to be employed for documentation, outcome analysis, phenotyping and clinical trial eligibility. Barriers to NLP persist with inability to aggregate findings across studies due to use of different methods and significant heterogeneity at all levels with important parameters such as patient comorbidities and performance status lacking implementation in AI approaches. The goal of this review is to provide an updated overview of natural language processing (NLP) and the current state of its application in oncology for clinicians and researchers that wish to implement NLP to augment registries and/or advance research projects
An Abdominal Aortic Endoprosthesis as an Iliac Branch Device for the Preservation of Common Iliac and Internal Iliac Arteries in a Patient with a Common and Internal Arteries Aneurysm and a Type B Aortic Dissection
No full textIntroduction: An iliac artery aneurysm (IAA) is characterized by an increase in the vessel's diameter of more than 1.5 times that of normal. There are numerous similarities between iliac and aortic aneurysms in terms of their natural histories, risk factors, and key treatment philosophies.
Objectives: To report the use of an abdominal aortic endoprosthesis as an iliac branch device in a patient with a type B aortic dissection, multiple comorbidities, and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and the right common and internal iliac arteries.
Methods: Male patient, 58, brought to hospital with type B aortic dissection and other comorbidities. The patient was released after a successful TEVAR procedure in which we implanted 1 thoracic endoprosthesis and 2 thoracic segments. A post-TEVAR CT is taken, and EVAR (endovascular aneurysm repair) planning is completed. In order to do the EVAR surgery, we inserted a covered stent and a 23mmx14mmx18cm abdominal aortic endoprosthesis into the right common iliac artery to act as an iliac branch device. There are no endoleaks in the final aortography.
Results: The treatment was successful, and there is no sign of any problems in the control CT and improvement in the patient’s quality of life.
Conclusions: An aortic abdominal endoprosthesis can work well as an iliac branch device despite the existence of other iliac branch devices. With adequate preparation, the two-stage operation can enhance the results for patients with type B aortic dissection
Sequentially Administered WAIS-IV Short Forms in Traumatic Brain Injury: Screening for Subnormal IQ and Intellectual Deterioration
Get PDFThis investigation examines the utility of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition short form (SF) IQs and abbreviated General Ability Indexes (GAIs) to discriminate normal from subnormal intellectual functioning and detect possible cognitive deterioration. Participants were 60 individuals with traumatic brain injury. Following the standard order of subtest administration and depending on performance, assessment may be terminated after two, three, four, or five subtests. Classification accuracy statistics indicated that all SF predictions exceeded the subnormal base rate (i.e., IQ = 35%; GAI = 28%), with hit rates from .83 to .93. Two-subtest SFs for the IQ and estimated GAI were not recommended. A three-subtest SF prediction exceeded the base rate for intellectual deterioration (BR = 45%, HR = .80). A four-subtest SF was recommended for estimating FSIQs; three- and four-subtest SFs were good predictors of the GAI, and a three-subtest SF was useful for identifying intellectual deterioration
Neurological Complication Caused by Zika Virus: Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Get PDFThe Zika virus was given this name because it was first isolated in the Zika forests in Uganda. The Zika virus is a type of virus with the Flavivirus genome belonging to the family Falanridae. This virus has an icosohedral structure, enveloped and positive-polarity single-stranded RNA. The primary vector for the infection is mosquitoes. If it is a tropical region, Aedes is carried by aegypti mosquitoes; in temperate regions, it can also be carried by the Aedes albopictus mosquito. Apart from mosquito bites, it can also be transmitted from person to person, from mother to fetus, sexually, by blood transfusion and in cases of exposure in laboratory environment. The first major outbreak occurred in 2007 on the island of Yap in the southern Pacific Ocean, and during the study of cases it was confused with other viral diseases in diagnosing the Zika virus. Therefore, clinical manifestations need to be carefully determined. Looking at the clinical symptoms of Zika virus, it is fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, joint pain, chronic fatigue, weakness, myalgia, anorexia, rash, edema. The Zika virus has also been associated with neurological complications and has been shown to trigger Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy that can be seen at all ages. Those who know the most about its clinical manifestations are symmetrical muscle weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes. If respiratory failure and autonomic involvement occur, it can be fatal for patients. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a treatable disease. With advanced treatment methods, a complete recovery can be seen in patients. Due to the fact that it has a progressive clinic, the recovery process can be fast and positive for patients in early diagnosis. Today, with the appearance of Aedes mosquitoes that affect the transmission of Zika virus in our country, it is necessary to pay attention to the infection and neurological effects. In this review, the relationship between Zika virus and Guillain-Barre Syndrome is tried to be explained