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3D Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation and Grading Scheme based on Machine, Deep, and Transfer Learning Approaches
Get PDFGlioma is one of the most common tumors of the brain. The detection and grading of glioma at an early stage is very critical for increasing the survival rate of the patients. Computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems are essential and important tools that provide more accurate and systematic results to speed up the decision-making process of clinicians. In this paper, we introduce a method consisting of the variations of the machine, deep, and transfer learning approaches for the effective brain tumor (i.e., glioma) segmentation and grading on the multimodal brain tumor segmentation (BRATS) 2020 dataset. We apply popular and efficient 3D U-Net architecture for the brain tumor segmentation phase. We also utilize 23 different combinations of deep feature sets and machine learning/fine-tuned deep learning CNN models based on Xception, IncResNetv2, and EfficientNet by using 4 different feature sets and 6 learning models for the tumor grading phase. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves 99.5% accuracy rate for slice-based tumor grading on BraTS 2020 dataset. Moreover, our method is found to have competitive performance with similar recent works
A Cadaveric Study on Morphology and Morphometry of Pectoralis Major Muscle
Get PDFBackground: The Pectoralis Major (PM) muscle is considered one of the key anatomical structures in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective is to study the morphology of PM along with a thorough assessment of its dimensions and to note any other anatomic variations.
Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out on 30 upper limb specimens (Right 15 & Left 15) of both sexes available in the department of anatomy. The morphometric analysis at the origin and insertion was done and the muscle was thoroughly observed for any other anatomical variations.
Results: We observed that the entire length of the clavicle gave origin to the clavicular head in 6.6% of the specimens and the deltopectoral groove was absent in 6.6% of the cases. 66.6% of the specimens showed the continuation of the pectoralis muscle at its insertion along with the brachial fascia. In 3.3% of the cases, the three heads of the pectoralis major were not distinguishable. The mean height at the midclavicular line was found to be 13.8 cm and at the midaxillary line, it was found to be 6.6 cm. The average width was found to be 18.7cm at the origin. The average length at the insertion was found to be 4.8 cm and the height was found to be 0.89cm.
Conclusion: The knowledge regarding pectoralis major is imperative for surgeons in performing surgeries in the pectoral region, especially the surgeries involving the mammary gland
Issues in Mental Health: Substance Use
Get PDFMany mental health issues are of concern to individuals, groups, therapists, evaluators, researchers and society in general. Substance use is one main concern that is growing in the population and is alarming healthcare workers, practitioners, and society at large. Data from SAMHSA, CDC, and other sources are discussed which note recent findings about substance use. Specific suggestions are recommended to increase likelihood of awareness and prevention of substance use disorder
Difficulties Faced by II MBBS Students While Learning Microbiology
Get PDFMBBS students enter the medical field with high ambitions and lot of dreams. They start learning new subjects. In IInd year MBBS, they have Microbiology as a subject in their curriculum. The subject Microbiology deals with the study of microorganisms. This article focuses on the difficulties faced by II MBBS students while learning microbiology
A Comparative Analysis of Application of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization in Solving Traveling Tournament Problem (TTP)
Get PDFTraveling Tournament Problem (TTP) has been a major area of research due to its huge application in developing smooth and healthy match schedules in a tournament. The primary objective of a similar problem is to minimize the travel distance for the participating teams. This would incur better quality of the tournament as the players would experience least travel; hence restore better energy level. Besides, there would be a great benefit to the tournament organizers from the economic point of view as well. A well constructed schedule, comprising of diverse combinations of the home and away matches in a round robin tournament would keep the fans more attracted, resulting in turnouts in a large number in the stadiums and a considerable amount of revenue generated from the match tickets. Hence, an optimal solution to the problem is necessary from all respects; although it becomes progressively harder to identify the optimal solution with increasing number of teams. In this work, we have described how to solve the problem using Genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization
The Ongoing Myth of TIPIC-Syndrome
Get PDFCarotidynia is characterized by intense localized pain and tenderness at the level of the carotid bifurcation. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes vascular pathologies, infectious diseases or malignancies. Recent evidence now suggests a distinct entity called Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery or TIPIC syndrome. The diagnosis is made per exclusionem and is based on typical radiological findings. This paper describes the clinical examination, laboratory results, radiological findings and treatment based on two case reports. TIPIC syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome which is usually a self-limiting disease of which a vascular surgeon should be aware
Endovascular Forceps Assisted Stuck Catheter Removal: A Case Report
Get PDFDespite the high degree of safety associated with image-guided central venous access placement, the increasing use of long-term central venous access devices has brought greater attention to the chronic complications these patients encounter, particularly in the hemodialysis patient population. The rare occurrence of a stuck catheter can create a challenging situation in which the risk of removal and sometimes advanced techniques required must be weighed against the risk of infection and thrombosis associated with leaving the catheter in place. Removal of the stuck catheter through endovascular approach has been described by multiple techniques. The case presented is a successful stuck catheter removal through a novel technique by use of endovascular forceps following failure of other methods
A giant retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma in a young boy: CT findings
Get PDFRetroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma (RH) is an uncommon neoplasm that derives from the vascular endothelium; due to its biological behavior, it should be distinguished from other retroperitoneal tumors. We report a case of a 40-year-old man with diagnosis of retroperitoneal mass, that was suspected to be malignant. The specimen was histopathologically proved to be a hemangiosarcoma. The patient was suffering from left upper quadrants prolonged abdominal pain, and had made a contrast-enhanced abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) that had shown the voluminous abdominal mass
Car Parking Availability Prediction: A Comparative Study of LSTM and Random Forest Regression Approaches
Get PDFDrivers spend an enormous amount of time searching for parking spots every year. Waste of time, emission of carbon and air pollution have been issues in hunting for parking spots without proper prediction. In this paper, we have proposed to build a framework based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Random Forest Regression model to provide prediction of parking availability and compared results afterwards. A real-world case of parking spots availability consisting of 5,500 parking spots in Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC), Malaysia, has been used for regression implementation in this comparative analysis. The results showed that random forest outperformed LSTM approach based on performance metrics
A New Algorithm for Generalization of Least Square Method for Straight Line Regression in Cartesian System for Fully Correlated Both Coordinates
Get PDFThis work presents the estimation of parameters and uncertainty of straight regression line using the least square method when both coordinates in Cartesian System XOY are affected by errors and fully correlated. The maximalization of the likelihood multivariate Gaussian function as equivalent of minimalization of objection function is derived for common vector variable Z included X and Y vectors random variable – vectors of coordinates of measurement points. In this way all kind of possible correlations are taken into account – within the metrological literature, there exist some works taking them into account. The core of the presentation is the mathematical manipulation based on linear algebra matrixes and vectors with elements of functional analysis. Any novelty claimed in this field will be carefully demonstrated. The problem is reduced to the determination of numerical one-dimensional characteristic e.g. objection function as function of slope a of straight regression line. The algorithm allows to determine numerically the covariance matrix and the coverage corridor for straight line regression. The implementation of the numerical method is applied in script running in MATLAB environment. Finally, the comparison of results based on the previous published tests are carried out