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Role-Based data visualization for Industrial IoT
Get PDFThe competition among manufacturers in the global markets calls for the enhancement of the agility and performance of the production process and the quality of products. As a result, the production systems should be designed in a way to provide decision-makers with visibility and analytics. To fulfill these objectives, the development of factory information systems in manufacturing industries has been introduced as a practical solution in the past few years. On the other hand, the volume of data generated on the factory floor is rising. To improve the efficiency of manufacturing process, this amount of data should be analyzed by decision-makers. To cope with this challenge, visualization assists decision-makers to gain insight into data. To give a better perspective of collected data to decision-makers, effective visualization techniques should be employed. Adequate data visualization allows the end user to have better understanding of data and make effective decisions faster. Meanwhile, the adoption of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Internet of Things (IoT) as state-of-the-art technologies are among the most prominent trends in industrial automation. IoT technology is expected to generate and collect data from various sensors and devices within the production system, and enables enterprises to have real-time visibility into the flow of production process. Moreover, data received from factory floor should be transmitted from back-end side to the front-end side for future analysis. To implement the exchange of data efficiently, the solution should support different communication protocols to make interoperability among heterogeneous devices on shop floor.
This study describes an approach for building a role-based visualization of industrial IoT. An extensible architecture was provided by which the future growth of data and emerging new protocols has been anticipated. By using the IoT platform introduced in this thesis, selected KPIs can be monitored by different levels of enterprise. Three prototype IoT dashboards have been implemented for a pilot production line, “Festo didactic training line” located in Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences (SeAMK) and results have been validated
Damage onset modelling of curved composite laminates
Get PDFFibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are widely used in industry applications (e.g. aerospace, automotive), which require a high accuracy in terms of damage prediction and identification. Knowing the material behaviour under several loading conditions constitutes the key to understand and predict how failure initiates in FRP composites. The aim of this study is to carry out an analysis of damage onset over a semi-cylindrical structure (E-Glass/Polyester) subjected to impact of a rigid object. The first step in this thesis focuses on assessment and selection of the most relevant failure criteria from the two first exercises of the World Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-I and II) [1]. Experimental and numerical tests under tensile (study of the material behaviour under 2D stresses) and impact loading (study test under 3D stresses) are carried out on curved specimens. The chosen failure criteria involve different failure modes (fibre and inter-fibre failure modes). The aforementioned criteria were implemented in Abaqus by using the UMAT and VUMAT subroutines. Finally, the experimental and numerical results were compared, in order to define the criterion with the best applicability over a wide range of mechanical applications
Elektrokardiogrammin RR- ja QT-välien aikasarja-analyysi sydäntutkimuksessa
No full textSydämen toiminta on tärkeää tuntea erilaisten sairauksien tunnistamiseksi ja välttämiseksi. Sydämestä saadaan merkittävästi tietoa mittaamalla sen sähköistä signaalia eli sydänsähkökäyrää. Tästä signaalista voidaan määrittää erilaisia aikavälejä. Perättäisten aikavälien muodostamiin aikasajoihin voidaan soveltaa aikasarja-analyysissä käytettyjä menetelmiä. Menetelmien perusteella voidaan havaita, mikäli sydän toimii jollain normaalista poikkeavalla tavalla.
Tässä työssä tutustutaan sydämen sähkökäyrästä muodostettaviin aikasarjoihin ja tutkitaan niiden sisältämiä korrelaatioita. Lisäksi perehdytään trendit poistavaan fluktuaatioanalyysiin ja Poincarén karttoihin, joilla saadaan tietoa aikasarjojen sisältämistä korrelaatioista. Työssä suoritettavan tutkimuksen kohteena on PhysioNet-sivustolta ladattu sydändata. Aineisto sisältää 18 sydämen toiminnaltaan terveiltä henkilöiltä mitattua noin vuorokauden pituista sydänsähkökäyrää. Sähkökäyristä on laskettu RR- ja QT-aikavälit, jotka muodostavat menetelmissä käytettävät aikasarjat.
Tutkimuksen tuloksena on saatu selville, että sydämen lyöntitiheyden lisäksi myös lyönnin kestoa kuvaava aikaväli sisältää pitkän kantaman korrelaatioita. Korrelaatioiden voimakkuus on lyhyellä aikavälillä heikohko, joka ilmenee korrelaation voimakkuutta kuvaavan skaalauseksponentin matalasta arvosta. Skaalauseksponentin arvo kuitenkin kasvaa likimain arvoon 1,0 aikavälin kasvaessa, mikä tarkoittaa sarjassa esiintyvän pitkän aikavälin korrelaatioiden olevan voimakkaita. Tulos on yhdenmukainen muiden saman aihealueen tutkimusten kanssa
Tuotetiedon virtaus ja hiljaisen tiedon hallinta tuotesuunnitteluprosessissa
Get PDFThis thesis focuses on the new product process, information that is created in it and its flow. The process owner is product planning organization in a steel company. Four years ago a lot of valuable information was lost in the personnel reductions after a merge. The literature review studies organizational learning and forgetting, tacit knowledge management and process models.
Research strategy is case study. Using literature review, company’s internal documents and arranged workshops the current state of the new product process is described and a data flow diagram is drawn. Based on the data flow diagram and literature review development suggestions are given to be able to develop the process by the principles of learning organization and tacit knowledge management.
As a result there is information on the new information that is created during the new product process, what IT systems are used to transfer the information and which organizations are taking part in the process. In addition a result is knowledge how the tacit information could be transferred into explicit and saved and especially how a process model can be utilised in it.Tutkimus tarkastelee uuden tuotteen prosessia, siinä syntyvää tietoa ja sen virtausta teräsyhtiön tuotesuunnittelussa. Yrityskaupan jälkeisissä henkilöstövähennyksissä neljä vuotta sitten organisaatiosta menetettiin arvokasta hiljaista tietoa ja vastaava tilanne haluttaisiin välttää tulevaisuudessa. Kirjallisuuskatsaus tarkastelee organisaation oppimista ja unohtamista, hiljaisen tiedon johtamista sekä prosessimalleja. Prosessimalleista tutkitaan erityisesti virtausmalleja.
Tutkimusstrategiana käytetään tapaustutkimusta. Kirjallisuustutkimuksen, yhtiön sisäisten dokumenttien ja työpajojen avulla kuvataan prosessin nykytila ja piirretään tietovirtakaavio. Kirjallisuustutkimuksen ja tietovirtakaavion pohjalta annetaan prosessille kehitysehdotuksia, jotta prosessia voitaisiin kehittää oppivan organisaation ja hiljaisen tiedon hallinnan suuntaan.
Työn tuloksena on, mitä tietoa uuden tuotteen prosessin eri vaiheissa syntyy sekä mitkä organisaatiot ovat osana prosessia ja mitä IT-järjestelmiä tiedon siirtämiseen käytetään. Lisäksi tuloksena on tietoa, kuinka prosessissa syntyvää hiljaista tietoa voidaan muuttaa näkyväksi ja tallentaa, miten prosessimallia voidaan hyödyntää hiljaisen tiedon tallentamisessa
LiquidIoT Projektin Ajonaikaisen Ympäristön Kevyt Toteutus
No full textThe goal of this master's thesis is to design and implement a memory efficient alternative for Node.js based ECMAScript runtime in LiquidIoT system. The reason for this, is that Node.js based version consumes significant amount of memory and is not the best fit for embedded systems, that have limited amount of memory available.
This master's thesis focuses on describing this new runtime in a significant detail as well as verify the memory wise performance when comparing to the Node.js version of the runtime. Verification of the performance is done through rigid measurements with clear intentions.
The creation of memory efficient runtime is successful in demonstrating that this kind of work can be pursued further and even improving the current implementation is reasonable. In measurements the implemented runtime was able to outperform perform Node.js version memory wise in almost all measurements that were thought of by a significant margin
Equal coded digital hydraulics in low temperatures using water-glycol solution
Get PDFIn this thesis work, effects of arctic temperatures for digital hydraulic system was researched. Hydraulic medium was environmentally friendly and additive free 50 wt% water-glycol solution. Dynamics of on/off valves, steady-state properties of on/off valves and system’s hydraulic natural frequency were qualities under inspection. These qualities were chosen as they are key qualities for digital hydraulics. On the other hand, this research was conducted to determine usability of commercially avail-able on/off valves, when controller applying multi-valve pulse modulation and multi-valve pulse frequency modulation is used. Another objective was to find out, which method might be preferable to compensate the changing properties of system to accuracy of control.
Research was conducted as simulation and experimental study. Simulations were minor part of the research and were performed to validate the implemented controller. Experimental study was done using a hydraulic system that composed of equal coded digital valve system and a hydraulic cylinder that was used to move a mass in horizontal direction. Experimental research can be separated to two different parts. In first part, changes in system properties were investigated in temperature interval of ˗20°C…30°C. Second part of the experimental research was testing the controller in different temperatures. Controller was tested with three different cylinder strokes (15 mm, 150 mm and 300 mm) in three different temperatures (˗20°C, 0°C and 30°C).
Results of this research indicate that dynamics of on/off valves slows down and volume flow in steady-state conditions decrease in low temperatures. Hydraulic natural frequency of the system increased in low temperatures. Results attained using the controller were comparable to results achieved in reference study. This indicates that commercially available valves are usable in multi-valve modulation control. In addition, results attained in low temperature using the controller suggest that correct way to increase control accuracy in low temperatures is to compensate slowing dynamics of valves
Automatisoitu miehittämättömän ilma-aluksen testaus
Get PDFThe thesis presents perspectives and documents a single solution to test automation framework as a part of system validation for a Linux-based embedded project. Test automation frameworks has been utilized earlier by Intel’s system validation team, but on different products and in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) only for payload testing. In this work, test automation framework has been developed to be usable with various UAVs and specifically with Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) typed UAV. Automated testing reduces required time and amount of labor between the software integration cycles, and thus speeds up the whole development process and enables the release of the product at any time. In every cycle, automated tests can provide almost everything that is required from testing. Well-designed test automation framework reduces work for future projects as some modules can be reused. Keyword-driven test automation framework allows a simple way to make new automated tests.
The test automation framework is accomplished by utilizing the keyword driven test automation framework Robot Framework. It consists of test files that define the executed test in high-level and libraries that define test keywords and interfaces to the tested software. There are libraries to control devices such as power supply and USB-hubs, but the interface between the framework and them are made along with the thesis. The test files and test libraries that define keywords used in test files have been made based on previous automation projects of Intel. There are plenty of test libraries in Robot Framework, but many are not useful in test automation framework of an embedded Linux project, so some have been created for that purpose. Robot Framework’s logs and reports are gathered into Jenkins, so that the information about the software version, test device and the test execution can be found in the same place. An automation build server, Jenkins, is utilized to build new developed software automatically on every test device and to execute certain automatic tests on the devices.
The result of this thesis is a test automation framework for an UAV and suitable test libraries for frameworks of future UAV projects. Automated testing can be profitable and speeds up the whole testing and reporting process. It takes from several weeks to months to create fully functional test automation framework with all the required tests. In future projects most of the modules can be utilized and this can shorten the assembly of the framework by a few workweeks. Automated testing is a suitable way to execute testing and system validation in an embedded UAV project and especially at the early stage of a project it’s a good target to work on by a testing team
Chocolate as 3D-printing material and designing of a print head for chocolate extrusion
Get PDFKaupallisten suklaata tulostavien 3D-tulostimien määrä on lisääntynyt viime vuosina. Työssä tutkitaan suklaata 3D-tulostusmateriaalina sekä tulostinpään suunnitteluun vaikuttavia seikkoja.
Suklaan sisältämä kaakaovoi on polymorfinen aine, jossa esiintyy yleisen käsityksen mukaan 6 eri kidemuotoa. Näistä kidemuodoista tavoiteltu suklaan valmistuksessa on kidemuoto V tai toiselta merkintätavaltaan β_2, joka antaa suklaalle parhaimman kiillon, rapean suutuntuman sekä hyvän sulamislämpötilan ja säilyvyyden. Suklaata temperoidaan, jotta suklaaseen saataisiin muodostuttua V muotoisia kiteitä ja jotta sen työstettävyys parantuisi. Suklaan temperointi asettaa kuitenkin haasteita lisäävässä valmistuksessa pursotusmenetelmällä. Haasteena on muun muassa temperoidun suklaan viskositeetin kasvaminen ajan funktiona. Suklaan temperointi voi myös itsessään olla kokemattomalle käyttäjälle liian hankalaa. Suklaata tulostaviin 3D-tulostimiin olisi siis tärkeätä suunnitella automaattisia temperointitoimintoja sekä tapoja hallita viskositeettia.
Suklaata 3D-tulostaessa syytä on myös tuntea muut suklaan viskositeettiin vaikuttavat seikat, kuten suklaan koostumus ja kaakaovoin alkuperä. Suklaa on tiksotrooppinen neste, jonka viskositeetti alenee leikkausnopeuden kasvaessa tiettyyn rajaan saakka.
Työssä arvioidaan erilaisia pumppuvaihtoehtoja, jota voisi soveltaa suklaata tulostavaan tulostuspäähän. Työn yhteenvedossa esitellään konsepti jatkuvatoimisesta temperoitua suklaata pursottavasta tulostuspäästä soveltamalla hammasratas- tai lohkoroottoripumppua. Työssä ehdotetaan 3D-tulostimen kinemaattiseksi ratkaisuksi käänteistä Delta-robotti rakennetta, joka mahdollistaa tulostinpään paikallaan olemisen. Tulostusalustan sijoittamista ehdotetaan myös suljettuun tulostuskammioon, jotta kappale jäähtyisi tasaisemmin. Työssä puhutaan myös elintarvikekelpoisista kontaktimateriaaleista, joista erityisesti ruostumaton teräs sekä POM C-muovi todetaan olevan hyviä vaihtoehtoja tulostuspään rakennuksessa
: Bioaktiivisten borosilikaattilasien termiset ominaisuudet ja liukeneminen
Get PDFTissue engineering and biodegradable implants were developed to avoid problems caused by long-term use of non-metabolizing implants. Tissue engineering aspires to produce new tissues by using the patient’s own cells. Commonly, a porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is used as a supporting structure until enough new tissue has grown. Typical bioactive silicate glasses have many good qualities, such as their ability to bond to bone by forming a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer, but due to their tendency to crystallize during sintering and excessively long dissolution time, more suit-able scaffold materials need to be developed.
Borosilicate glasses based on commercial silicate glass S53P4 have emerged as a new and promising scaffold material due to their higher bioactivity and dissolution rate and better resistance to crystallization. In this thesis, three borosilicate glasses based on S53P4 were studied and compared with the S53P4 glass. The glasses’ thermal proper-ties, bioactivity and dissolution were studied with differential thermal analysis (DTA), dissolution tests, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate which composition has the most promising properties to be used as a tissue engineering scaffold material. Of these, DTA was used to determine the glasses’ ability to be processed at high tempera-tures by determining their thermal processing window (∆T). Dissolution tests were con-ducted by immersing glass particle in simulated body fluid (SBF) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (TRIS) solution for 6–168 h, and then measuring the pH of the solutions after each time point. From the obtained pH curves, dissolution rate and HCA layer formation were observed. Ion release of the glass particles was further studied with ICP-OES and structural changes in the glasses’ surface and precipitation of the HCA layer with increasing immersion time were studied with FTIR.
Based on the results, borosilicate glasses dissolve quicker than S53P4 and they form a thicker and more crystallized HCA layer. B50 was the only borosilicate glass to have a wider ∆T than S53P4. Out of the three borosilicate glasses, B50 has the most promising properties concerning its use in tissue engineering as it has the widest ∆T, it dissolves the quickest and it forms the thickest and most crystallized HCA layer on its surface
Materiaalien käytön tehostaminen kuljetinhihnatuotannossa
No full textThis thesis deals with improving the material processing chain in a company producing textile conveyor belts. The aim of the research was to find out how the process related scrap could be reduced and the set target for the reduction was 20 %.
The literature review focuses on relevant topics of production development concerning this thesis, Lean manufacturing, production quality and inventory control are viewed. The structure, raw materials and the production process of textile conveyor belts are also examined. A present state analysis was made in the case company, to point out the most important factors concerning material consumption. The analysis included the separate production process steps and the used raw materials and their purchase possi-bilities concerning dimensions. The information was collected by means of interviews, check sheets and from documentations and databases.
The scrap edge cut away during the production process was found to be the largest in-dividual scrap source and it was taken as the main optimization target. The amount of scrap edge can be reduced by adjusting the used fabric raw materials. This could be performed by either purchasing narrower fabrics or by cutting the fabrics to suitable width in the case company. There have also been carried out a few big investments recently, and their influence on material usage possibilities were studied. Investments make it possible to use generally narrower fabrics and cut-to-size fabrics with certain products. With using the cut-to-size fabrics the occurrence of scrap edge could be total-ly avoided and the scrap reduction potential is highest.
Based on the alternative scenarios presented in the work the process related scrap can be reduced by 15 % to 45 %. So, the initially set target is reachable